73 ° 
Digby .— 77 ^ Somatic , Premeiolic , and 
quently be shown these connexions are present throughout the prophases 
and originally united the linin (impregnated with chromatin) strands which 
will ultimately form the chromosomes (Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 13). Gregoire ( 9 ) 
(1906) describes and figures these connexions. Having reached the poles 
(Fig. 15), the chromosomes approximate closely and form a confused mass 
(Fig. 16). It is now that the above-mentioned refractive granules make 
their appearance, scattered in the cytoplasm round the daughter nuclei and 
around the spindle (Figs. 16, 17, and 18). A cell-plate is laid down midway 
between the nuclei (Figs. 6 a and 17). 
Telophase. 
The chomosomes draw in their free ends and form a compact knot of 
relatively small size (Fig. 16). Then the knot tends to loosen out, but by 
this time the chromosomes have begun to lose their individuality (Figs. 17 
and 18). In some plants, as shown by Gregoire ( 9 ) (1906) and others, the 
chromosomes in the telophase become skeletons of their former selves. 
Their centre dissolves, leaving a space bounded on either side by thin 
threads. In Galtonia there is no such diagrammatic vacuolization of all the 
chromosomes, but it can be seen in parts. The chromosomes as a whole, 
by transverse division, break up into portions of various sizes, and these 
are distributed throughout the nucleus and are joined by fine connexions 
(PI. LXIX, Figs. 18, 19, and PI. LX, Fig. 20). At an early stage of 
chromosome disintegration either one or two ‘chromatin ’ nucleoli are 
formed, evidently by the flowing together of the substance of portions of 
the chromosomes (Figs. 17 and 20). Nuclei with one or two nucleoli may 
be found throughout the prophases, but it has often been observed that 
those nuclei which start with but one nucleolus possess themselves of two, 
by direct division of that nucleolus. This happens in early prophase. The 
nucleolus becomes slightly indented, then hourglass-shaped, and finally 
breaks into two (PI. LX, Fig. 29). This mode of duplicating the nucleolus 
has been previously figured and described by several investigators both in 
animals and in plants. The nucleoli, as a whole, in the somatic cells of 
Galtonia are not homogeneous, but show refractive spots or granules. As 
has been shown, the nucleolus persists until the metaphase, when it is cast 
out into the cytoplasm (PI. LIX, Fig. 1). 
Meanwhile changes have been proceeding in the cytoplasm. The 
portions of spindle fibres in the vicinity of the nuclei are the first to give 
place to reticulate cytoplasm, those nearer the equator remain for some 
time longer. Then the cell plate is gradually replaced by a definite cell- 
wall (Figs. 6 a, 20, and 21). Thus each daughter nucleus becomes an 
independent unit in its self-contained cell. Each cell is rich in cytoplasm 
of a fine reticulate nature. The character of the cytoplasm is modified 
according to the fixing reagents used. Fixed with strong Flemming 
