FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
59 
back in a very short time. The groves 
which we sprayed will, I think, be black 
with sooty mold in October or Novem¬ 
ber if nothing more is done to them to 
kill out the fly. It is the third brood of 
flies which cause most of the blacken¬ 
ing and damage. Consequently, if noth¬ 
ing further is done to these groves the 
only value we have had from the year’s 
work is to find out that we can clean 
up the grove in the spring of the year. 
I hope to show that one more spraying 
of these groves during the latter part 
of the year will keep them practically 
free from whitefly. Our experiments 
last summer showed that if a grove is 
sprayed in April it remains very nearly 
free of whitefly until along about the 
middle of August or first of September, 
or until after the third brood; conse¬ 
quently, I believe that if these groves 
are given the second spraying as early 
as possible after the third brood they 
will remain clean throughout the year. 
I would also state at this time that 
our experiments show that phenol 
should be left out of proprietary arti¬ 
cles. It does not increase the value of 
an insecticide in the least. When an 
insecticide containing 69 per cent, of 
phenol was used at the rate of 1-75, it 
killed only 28 per cent, of the larvae 
and pupae of the whitefly. “Messrs. 
C. T. McClintock, E. M. Houghton and 
H. C. Hamilton” published a paper in 
the proceedings of the Seventh Inter¬ 
national Zoological Congress, in which 
occurs the following statement: “To 
be specific, the insecticide properties 
appear to be neutralized by the pres¬ 
ence of carbolic acid or any member of 
the phenols series; and the value is 
lowered to that of the particular phe¬ 
nols which may be present, although 
they constitute less than 10 per cent, 
of the whole. An oil containing 8 per 
cent of phenols and whose greatest in¬ 
secticidal value is five times that of 
carbolic acid may have that value in¬ 
creased to one hundred and twenty-five 
by the removal of the phenols.” 
Our experiments also show that 
rosin oil, sulphuric acid, and what I 
would call, for want of better knowl¬ 
edge, free caustic, should be left out of 
those proprietary articles intended to 
be used on orange trees. 
DISCUSSION. 
Mr.-: What effect have these 
solutions on the fungus ? 
Mr. Mothers: These formulae have 
only been introduced recently, and I 
have never made an examination fol¬ 
lowing the treatment. I do not know 
whether they will do any damage to 
the fungus or not. I expect they will 
kill the fungus out, in so far as they 
kill out the fly. 
I have had good results in spraying 
with these solutions, but I am not ad¬ 
vocating that everybody shall buy a 
spraying machine, and spray their 
groves. They must decide those things 
for themselves. The only object I had 
in entering upon this insecticide work 
was to get a cheap insecticide, so that 
if a man wanted to spray he could do 
so without excessive cost, and also to 
