78 
FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
upon the ability of 'whitefly to survive 
on detached and partly dried leaves; the 
varieties or species of whitefly represented 
in the State which attack citrus seriously, 
the amount of honeydew excreted, and 
a few other points. 
METHODS OF INTRODUCING THE FUNGUS 
PARASITES. 
It has been repeatedly demonstrated 
that the red and yellow Aschersonias can 
be successfully introduced by spraying 
their spores (germs) suspended in water 
on to the under surface of white fly-in¬ 
fested leaves, or by pinning leaves hav¬ 
ing these fungi upon them to the under 
surface of the leaves of white fly-infested 
trees. Both methods are also applicable 
to the cinnamon and whitefringe fungi. 
The spraying method is probably not 
generally applicable for introducing the 
brown fungus, and pinning fungus-bear¬ 
ing leaves is therefore recommended. 
This fungus has, however, been several 
times successfully started by spraying a 
mixture of water and fungus, obtained 
by agitating fungus-bearing leaves with 
water. A better way would be to scour 
the fungus from the leaves with a little 
sand and water. Use one to several 
leaves to a quart of water and strain the 
liquid if necessary. 
EX PEI M ENTS FOR INTRODUCING THE 
FUNGUS PARASITES OF WHITEFLY 
LARVAE. 
Actual experiments and observations 
in the field have again demonstrated that 
the period of summer rains is a most fa¬ 
vorable time in which to introduce the 
several fungus parasites of whitefly lar¬ 
vae. Introductions of the red and yel¬ 
low fungi made during October and No¬ 
vember were successful only to the extent 
of getting a small start of fungus, but 
were sufficient to insure a good spread of 
the same during the following summer. 
Thus, sprayings with spores of the red 
fungus in the R. S. Sheldon Grove at 
New Smyrna, on October 3, 1906, de¬ 
veloped but a few pustules of the red by 
the first of December of the same year, 
and no more by the first week of May, 
1907. The fungus spread, however, dur¬ 
ing the summer of 1907, so that by the 
fall of that year the trees sprayed had 
the foliage of many small branches lit¬ 
erally dotted over with the red pustules, 
besides which the fungus had spread to 
perhaps all of the trees of the grove not 
sprayed with spores. This fungus will, 
no doubt, quite control the “fly” in this 
grove during the coming summer, and 
from there will spread over all the white- 
fly-infested citrus trees of New Smyrna. 
Why sprayings with spores of the red and 
yellow Aschersonias (fungi) made in 
the Ronnock groves at New Smyrna, at 
the same time (October 3, 1906), failed 
to produce a start of fungus can only 
be surmised; it may have been due to 
a more arid condition in these groves 
at that time, but more probably to poi¬ 
soning of the spores by the use of an old 
spraying outfit previously used for sprav- 
ing Bordeaux mixture. There being 
much less “fly” in these groves, of course, 
also lessened the chances of getting a 
start. 
Sprayings with fungus spores made in 
the F. W. Edison grove at New Smyrna, 
on November 29, 1907, have given a 
promising start of red Ascheronia [trees 
examined April 23, 1908] ; but other 
trees sprayed with spores at the same time 
in New Smyrna (some in the Ronnoc 
groves) show but a very poor start of 
