FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
92 
recommended in all cases where they do 
not already exist. It is a long step, how¬ 
ever, from the introduction of these fungi 
. into a grove to the propagation of them 
on an entirely satisfactory basis, and our 
records and experiments have not as yet 
led us to conclusions justifying complete 
reliance upon the fungus diseases in any 
section of the state. 
The subject of parasitic and predaceous 
insect enemies of the White Fly are be¬ 
ing given attention in connection with the 
present investigations. No true parasites 
have thus far been discovered, al- 
tho efforts have been made to test the 
parasites attacking other species of white 
flies, as to their ability to parasitize this 
species. The known species of White 
Flies in the United States number more 
than seventy; and many of these are 
kown to be held in check and prevented 
from developing into pests by these min¬ 
ute parasites. 
The recent discovery of the Citrus 
White Fly in China furnishes strong evi¬ 
dence concerning its probable origin, and 
opens up the possibility of discovering 
natural enemies in that region. Pre¬ 
datory insect enemies of the Citrus White 
Fly are not numerous and are of no con¬ 
sequence as far as observed. 
DIRECT REMEDIES. 
The success of direct remedial meas¬ 
ures against the White Fly is largely de¬ 
pendent upon concerted action among the 
Citrus growers. Frequently several 
groves form a natural group isolated 
from other infested territory in such a 
way that a local organization only is 
necessary. In other cases concerted ac¬ 
tion may be best obtained thru County 
Horticultural commissions. It is grati- 
fying to note that in several instances 
organizations of one kind or another have 
already been affected, or are planned, 
with the object in view of conducting a 
systematic campaign against the White 
Fly. 
Spraying is not practised by any large 
proportion of the owners of infested 
groves but as a remedial measure against 
the White Fly it is of considerable im¬ 
portance. Spraying is profitable when 
properly conducted, but it is in many 
cases impracticable on account of the diffi¬ 
culty of obtaining labor which can be re¬ 
lied upon to make the application with 
the necessary thoroness. When applied 
with care and in liberal quantities the 
best sprays give results considered suc¬ 
cessful by numerous orange growers. 
The observations of the agents connected 
with the present investigation and the ex¬ 
perience of numerous owners of infested 
orange groves show that spraying is 
especially useful in connection with 
the checking of the spread of the 
fly when it first becomes estab¬ 
lished in a grove or in a new local¬ 
ity. In such cases money and time 
spent in spraying will bring manifold re¬ 
turns. It is evidently profitable to spend 
$100.00 a year on a single acre, if neces¬ 
sary, in order to delay to the utmost the 
time when it may be necessary to expend 
$500.00 or an average of only $25.00 per 
acre in controlling the fly in a twenty- 
acre grove. From the outlook it seems 
probable that spraying for the White Fly 
will continue to be desirable under certain 
circumstances. The subject of spraying 
constitutes, at present, a minor phase of 
the investigations, inasmuch as it has al¬ 
ready been demonstrated by the experi¬ 
ence of numerous orange growers that 
this can be practiced with success; and 
inasmuch as other means of control are 
