FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
79 
measure compensate for the loss of crop 
on the top-worked trees. 
Top-working has already been prac¬ 
ticed by some growers. As a further pre¬ 
caution, the trunks and branches may be 
treated with carbolineum as suggested be¬ 
low. When these top-worked trees be¬ 
gin to produce a fair crop, the untouched 
trees may be treated in the same way. 
Heading Back— During the dormant 
period, preferably in December or Janu¬ 
ary, cut out the top, leaving only the 
trunk and the stubs of the larger branch¬ 
es. Then paint the entire bark and the 
cut surfaces with one part of carbolineum 
to one part of water. In our treatment 
of this disease in this way, which began 
in February, the bark assumed a dark- 
red color. In a few weeks, as the grow¬ 
ing season came on, the tree put out new 
shoots, and by the end of summer had 
grown a vigorous, healthy top. By that 
time the old scabs had disappeared, and 
the bark had become smooth and free 
from flakes. The carbolineum, far from 
injuring the tree, appeared to stimulate 
it to increased vigor. Unless the entire 
grove is treated in this way the young 
growth should be protected by spraying 
with one per cent, solution of carbolineum 
in May or June, when the wood will have 
hardened. 
Bordeaux Mixture— The use of Bor¬ 
deaux mixture has been attended with 
beneficial results in diminishing the num¬ 
ber of spotted fruits, but with bad re¬ 
sults in allowing the increase of scale in¬ 
sects. A thorough test was made as to 
the effects of this spraying mixture at 
different times of the year, and with dif¬ 
ferent numbers of sprayings throughout 
the year. The most marked result has 
been the diminished number of spotted 
oranges on the sprayed plots, as com¬ 
pared with the unsprayed plots. This 
test was repeated the second year on the 
same plots and in the same way as at first. 
During the first year some effect was no¬ 
ticed, especially on those plots where the 
spraying had begun in the early summer, 
but the results were not pronounced. Dur¬ 
ing the second year a great diminution of 
spotted fruit was seen in nearly all of 
the sprayed trees. The amount of fruit 
however, was considerably diminished on 
the plots sprayed at or near the blooming 
season. Our experiments indicate that 
one thorough spraying at any time be¬ 
tween November and February is almost 
as efficient in diminishing the amount of 
spotted fruit in the following crop, as 
three or four sprayings during any other 
part of the year. It is also attended with 
a smaller increase in scale insects. 
Extreme caution must be taken in us¬ 
ing Bordeaux mixture for orange trees, 
since it kills the fungi that are useful in 
keeping scale insects in check. If Bor¬ 
deaux mixture is applied, it should be fol¬ 
lowed by a good insecticide, or twigs 
from unsprayed trees bearing the proper 
fungi should be hung in the tops of the 
sprayed trees a week or two after the 
treatment. 
WITHERTIP. 
Withertip is a disease which is very de¬ 
structive at times, especially when an or¬ 
ange tree is subjected to unfavorable 
conditions. The primary cause of this 
disease was carefuly studied and worked 
out by Prof. P. H. Rolfs several years ago 
while holding the position of plant path¬ 
ologist at the sub-tropical laboratory at 
