FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
51 
of the carefully handled lots, while the 
commercial packs showed an average of 
10.8 per cent, after the same length of 
time. The same relation is shown by the 
delayed lots. The carefully handled lots 
delayed 2 days before packing showed 
5.1 per cent, after 3 weeks in market, and 
that delayed four days showed 7.3 per 
cent, after the same time. 
The delayed commercial pack after. 
three weeks showed 15 per cent, for the 
2-day delay and 20.2 per cent, for the 
4-day delay. 
These results are consistent with the 
results of our California shipping work 
which was based on a large number of 
shipments. I have no doubt that similar 
results will follow the extension of the 
shipping investigations from Florida. 
DISCUSSION. 
Mr. Temple: May I ask the professor 
whether his figures of percentages of 
washed versus unwashed fruit are the 
sum total of all his washed experiments, 
or just a specified text? Is it not true, 
however, that under certain circumstances 
there was not only no greater decay but 
in some cases less decay on the washed 
than the unwashed fruit? 
Mr. Stubenrauch: It sometimes hap¬ 
pens, that there is practically no differ¬ 
ence, and in some instances there is less 
decay in washed fruit; but it would be 
unsafe to infer from this, that washing 
prevents decay. 
Mr. Temple: Now, of course, it is 
hard to go up against a proposition where 
the scientific men have carefully compiled 
statistics to prove their point to you. But 
in my experience, I am certainly led to 
believe that careful washing will remove 
some of the conditions which tend to 
cause decay, that may be present before 
washing. I do not believe that washing 
the fruit, when it is done as it should be, 
makes it more liable to decay, nor, of 
course, do' I believe that mechanically in¬ 
jured fruit will not decay even if care¬ 
fully washed. 
It really does seem to me that there are 
some cases where the washing of fruit 
seems to remove something that causes, 
the decay. 
Mr. Stubenrauch: Please understand: 
that I am not prepared to state positively 
that washing will or will not injure the 
fruit. I have simply described our tests 
and the results which have caused us to 
form the conclusions we have. 
Mr.—I would like to ask if any 
success has been met with where antisep¬ 
tics are used in the wash. 
Mr—I tried one experiment. I 
washed the oranges with water in which 
there was a small percentage of salicylic 
acid. After several days the oranges 
were carefully examined and the decay 
was found to be practically zero. 
Mr. Stubenrauch : We tried a number 
of these experiments in California, and 
had a man there one season working on 
that alone, but we did not get any re¬ 
sults that were worth noting. 
Mr. Young: Has it been found that 
there was any different percentage of de¬ 
cayed fruit caused by the different wash¬ 
ing machines? 
Mr. Stubenrauch: I have no doubt 
that some machines do more injury than 
others. It usually goes back, however, to 
the man who runs the machine. One man 
