142 
FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
which is situated at a controling eleva¬ 
tion in the orchard. 
The suction consists of a 7-inch steel 
pipe, while the discharge is made up of 
two 5-inch pipe lines to utilize some of 
the pipe on hand, left from the old plant. 
The economical capacity of the pump¬ 
ing plant is 44,000 gallons per hour, and 
the distribution system is designed to han¬ 
dle this amount. 
The general design of the distribution 
system consists of large water-tight con¬ 
duits, laid below the cultivated surface 
and following the most prominent ridges 
and reaching all high points in the or¬ 
chard. At points where it is desired to 
supply water to furrows or basins small 
standpipes or hydrants are placed in the 
underground conduit and the water 
brought to the surface through this con¬ 
struction. Each hydrant is equipped with 
a valve which controls the amount of 
water taken from the underground sup¬ 
ply, while in the sides of the standpipes 
are small division gates which divide the 
total head into the individual furrows. 
By means of check valves built into the 
main lines of the conduits the water can 
be taken in part or in whole to any por¬ 
tion of the orchard. 
The construction of the distribution 
system was begun during the spring of 
1910. The first conduit to be tested out 
was built of concrete according to stand¬ 
ard specification for their making in 
southern California, which calls for a 
“dry mixture” pipe, or a concrete pipe 
made from a comparatively dry mixture 
of sand and Portland cement wetted only 
to a consistency that will permit imme¬ 
diate removal of the molds, and cured 
carefully afterwards by applying water 
in the form of spray until the cement will 
set. Each section of pipe is coated on its 
inside surface with a mixture of neat ce¬ 
ment paint and the standard design of 
tongue and groove joint, as used in 
southern California construction, mold¬ 
ed on each length. Three thousand feet 
of the above design of pipe was made and 
laid in the Drennen orchard. 
In testing this amount of pipe under 
the Drennen grove conditions, the follow¬ 
ing difficulties have been encountered: 
That the same design of joint as used in 
the California field, where the water flows 
through the lines by gravity and under 
low pressure heads, is not practical for 
the pressure heads necessary to conduct 
water in the Drennen grove. That the 
shells of the dry mixture pipe are unde¬ 
sirably porous regardless of the neat ce¬ 
ment paint lining. 
With these data on hand, together with 
the results of comparative tests which this 
office has obtained from experiments 
with “wet mixture” concrete pipe, vitri¬ 
fied sewer pipe, and “dry mixture” pipe 
during the past winter months, it has been 
decided to delay the construction of the 
Drennen system and make arrangements 
to complete it in part with “wet mixture” 
pipe and in part with vitrified sewer pipe, 
which will give us a comparison of the 
three constructions under the same condi¬ 
tions. 
Molds for the “wet mixture” pipe are 
now being built, which will turn out pipe 
8 inches in diameter in sections 5 feet in 
length with a tongue and groove joint. 
A separate mold is being made also that 
will make a reinforcing concrete collar 
