148 
FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
should not be used, as the excessive wear 
on the cams would ruin the pump in a 
short time. 
If Mr. Jones was located at Center Hill 
or some other point in the State where he 
has good heavy soil, and does not wish 
to go to the expense of putting in sprink¬ 
lers close enough together to cover, he 
will probably use the over head perforat¬ 
ed pipe system, where the lateral pipes are 
placed about 50 ft. apart and supported 
on posts about 6 ft. high. These lateral 
pipes are tapped about 3 ft. apart, and 
usually small brass tubes are inserted so 
that the orifices will not become irregular 
or stop up with rust. Each lateral is sup¬ 
plied with a union so that it can be rotated, 
and a handle so that the lines of sprinkler 
tubes can be turned from one side to the 
other gradually, and in this way the en¬ 
tire surface covered. This system of ir¬ 
rigation is very popular and is probably 
more extensively used by vegetable 
growers than any other system. 
We will next suppose that our party is 
located at Eustis or some of the other 
points where similar conditions exist, and 
wishes to irrigate an orange grove. His 
land has considerable fall but is extremely 
sandy, and as he considers irrigation 
somewhat as an experiment, he does not 
care to put much money into it. He gets 
his water supply from a clear lake, and as 
the total natural and friction head is not 
too great he can use a single stage Cen¬ 
trifugal pump and a gasoline engine for 
forcing water up along the high side of 
his grove. He should use a large size 
pipe so that the large volume of water 
will not be decreased by unnecessary pipe 
friction. On the pipe along the high side 
of grove he should have large hydrants or 
plugs not over 100 ft. apart, and follow¬ 
ing out the original idea of cheapness he 
can convey the water discharged through 
these hydrants through a cheap canvas 
hose to the intervening rows between the 
hydrant openings. When this is all done 
and the pumping plant is started, he will 
probably find that on account of the ex¬ 
treme looseness of the soil, even the large 
head of water he has will not flow down 
between the rows very satisfactorily, and 
to overcome this he can use a machine 
made especially for that purpose which 
opens up a very shallow furrow and packs 
it at the same time, not only in the center 
but on the sides as well. He can open up 
three or four of these furrows between 
each row of trees, and when he now 
turns on his water he will find that it will 
glide down these packed furrows very 
freely, and by letting it run to the very 
lowest point first and gradually damming 
up, letting it spread out until the top is 
reached, you will get a very even distribu¬ 
tion of water and quite satisfactory re¬ 
sults. Of course, where the soil is not so 
loose and sandy this opening up and pack¬ 
ing furrows is not necessary. If Prof. 
Williams is present he will probably tell 
you about the successful experiment he 
has made at Orlando, using a similar sys¬ 
tem, and Mr. Mote will probably be will¬ 
ing to tell the Society of a plant he has 
recently installed on his magnificent grove 
in Lake county, where this system is used 
in a very highly satisfactory manner. 
Again, we will suppose that practically 
the same conditions as first mentioned 
above exist, except that party has quite 
a large grove that on account of irregu- 
