ISiO. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
63 
THE FARMER’S ICEHOUSE. 
A good icehouse is almost indispensa¬ 
ble to a practical fanner these days, es¬ 
pecially if he engages in the dairy busi¬ 
ness to any extent. When one starts to 
build an icehouse he must remember 
what he read in school in his philosophy, 
viz., that cold air and cold water are 
heavier than warm, and that the former 
will sink down and the latter rise. If 
therefore there are any openings at the 
bottom of an icehouse the cold air will 
flow out and the warmer air will come 
in at the top. If the foot of the ice 
stands in water the same sort of move¬ 
ment takes place. Therefore there 
should be an escape for the water, but 
allow no air to flow out with it. The 
bottom of the house should be made to 
slope toward the center, where some 
kind of drainage pipe should be put in 
having a water seal. The. earth floor 
should be covered with five or six inches 
of sawdust. 
A simple frame is to use 2x4 for 
sills and studdings. If it is to be 10 
feet high and 12 feet square on the in¬ 
side, spike the sills and plates to the 
studding before raising, cutting the 
plates so they will splice at corners. 
Make another set of such frames for the 
outside walls, using 14 feet for sills and 
plates. This will leave an open wall of 
one foot. Put on the outside lining, fill¬ 
ing solidly with sawdust as you go up. 
The larger the pile of ice and the closer 
packed the better it will keep, and fill the 
cracks with sawdust. If the walls are 
well filled I would pack directly against 
them, and cut the ice in such blocks as 
would come out even in filling. After 
filling put eight or 10 inches of sawdust 
on top and watch this carefully every 
day when the weather begin's to make 
melting probable. The door should be 
made of short boards continuous with 
the inside and outside walls, and filled 
the ^same, taking out the boards as the 
ice is used. w. D. s. 
Illinois. _ 
SMALLER PACKAGES FOR APPLES. 
At many of the horticultural meetings 
a discussion as to the best package for 
apples has occupied a prominent place in 
the programme. The result has tended to 
show that so far as the grower is con¬ 
cerned the barrel is by all odds the 
cheapest, the most convenient and best 
package. The cold storage men also 
prefer the barrel. But there is another 
element to be considered, and that is 
the consumer. Now the man who is 
willing to pay and can afford to pay a 
fancy or first-class price for a fancy or 
first-class apple n»t only prefers but 
insists upon its being packed in a neat 
clean handsome bushel box. The Ore¬ 
gon grower realized this fact some years 
ago, and by catering to this class of 
customers and supplying them with just 
what they demanded and nothing else 
gained the supremacy in this market 
which the eastern grower lost simply by 
attempting to force upon them an arti¬ 
cle or a package which they did not 
want. The man who buys a lower grade 
of apples in quantity, and the retailer 
who sells from broken packages both 
prefer the barrel; and, by the way, fancy 
apples are not sold in broken packages, 
because the man who can afford to eat 
such fruit can afford to buy a box of it. 
Thus it is generally conceded that the 
most profitable packages are the bushel 
box for fancy and first-class trade, and 
the barrel for the lower grades. 
Now a study of the apple markets 
and conditions and methods of market¬ 
ing in various cities and towns has satis¬ 
fied me that there is a demand, and a 
big one, for a series of packages which 
shall hold half a peck and half a bushel 
respectively. These are for lower grades 
of apples, and are to be sold to the re¬ 
tailer who sells from broken packages, 
and are for convenience in catering to 
the class of people who buy the lower 
grades and in small quantities. 
At the meeting of the Vermont Hor¬ 
ticultural Society the remark was made 
that the fruit growers ought to strive to 
produce only fancy fruit and to cater to 
the class who would buy it. This is a 
mistake ; and it brought forth a well-mer¬ 
ited rebuke from the president of the 
society. If we produced only fancy ap¬ 
ples not one man in 50 would ever eat 
an apple pie. The selling price of fancy 
apples is beyond the reach of the aver¬ 
age man’s pocketbook. We cannot pro¬ 
duce fancy fruit at the price of seconds, 
and if all the apples we produce were 
fancy the supply would so far exceed 
the demand that the price would drop 
so low that every apple grower in the 
country would be ruined. Fancy apples 
must be produced, but with them must 
come the lower grades, for which a 
market should be found that will pay a 
better price than is now paid for low 
grades. These small packages have not 
been devised, and the experiment has 
not yet been made. But I am satisfied 
that a grade of apples can be selected 
from among the culls that are now sold 
at the cider mills for 10 cents per hun¬ 
dred pounds, and packed in half-peck 
packages and sold in the cities to the 
day laborer who works a week for $10 
or less, and is satisfied with and willing 
to pay for this grade of apples, at a 
price that will net the grower 50 cents 
per bushel instead of the five he receives 
from the cider mill. But this is not all. 
The well-to-do housekeeper who buys 
half a bushel of pie apples or eating 
apples from the grocer would much pre¬ 
fer and would be willing to pay a much 
higher price if neatly packed in boxes 
than if delivered in a grocer's bag. And 
the customer who buys a peck at a time 
would prefer buying a box containing 
a full peck than to buy from the grocer's 
measure at the rate of six pecks per 
bushel. Even the grocer would rather 
hand his customer a ready packed box 
than to pick and sort and wipe and 
measure a peck of apples from a barrel 
of possibly “deaconed” fruit. It seems 
to be an experiment well worth trying. 
Montpelier, Vt. c. o. o. 
LOCOMOTIVES AND FARM FIRES. 
You are rigl;t in telling of the live 
coals thrown from locomotives. But you 
attack the wrong end of the locomotive. 
Coals the size of those you picture are 
not thrown from the smokestack. They 
come from the ashpan—from either 
the front end or the top of it, according 
to its construction. For the last two 
months and more I have driven after 
dark for about three miles where the 
highway runs from two to six or eight 
rods from the railroad track, and have 
closely inspected the engines as they 
passed with what you have printed in 
mind, and I know that nothing larger 
than a pea comes from the smokestack, 
but vast numbers of live coals fall from 
the ashpan. Some strike the drive- 
wheels and are thrown up, and could 
then be easily mistaken as coming from 
the smokestack by an observer close to 
the engine. The lower part of the ash- 
pan is dropped, in some engines, fully 
two or three inches below the upper 
part when hard at work between sta¬ 
tions. But so far as my observation 
goes they are closed when in or near 
stations. If you doubt the truth of the 
above statements, I shall be more than 
glad to take anyone where he will surely 
see the live coals fly (though not from 
the smokestack) and where he will find 
data which ought to prove successful in 
your fight against the fire nuisance from 
locomotives. william s. spooxer. 
Massachusetts. 
The teacher asked Tommy what he 
could tell her about leaves. “Leaves.” 
answered Tommy, “is a kind of florage 
to the trees. Trees leave out in the 
Spring and leave off in the Fall.”—The 
Delineator. 
“Here, I say! Be a bit more careful 
with that razor; that’s the second time 
you’ve cut me.” “Well, well, so it is; 
but there! I always deduct a ha’penny 
for every cut. Why, it’s nothing for a 
man to go out of here having won four- 
pence off me.”—Tatler. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 12. 
Pump the Water 
anywhere you want 
it with a 
GOULDS 
Pure, fresh water through¬ 
out your home for household 
purposes, and in your barn 
and yard for the cattle is a 
necessity if you would live 
well and farm most successfully. 
You can have it by installing a 
Goulds Pump at a small outlay and 
practically no expense for up-keop. 
Simple and durably made. Prac¬ 
tical in construction—work easily. 
Don’t buy cheap imitations to 
cause constant trouble and ex¬ 
pense. You can get the genuine if 
Goulds" is on the Pump. Write 
today for our illustrated book, 
“Water Supply for the Home." It 
covers completely the subject of 
pure water for the country house, 
barn and yard and how best to ob¬ 
tain it. The book is free—study it 
to see what chance you have. 
THE GOULDS MFG. COMPANY 
58 West Fall Street, Seneca Falls, N. Y. 
Star Belt Grinders 
“Strictly all right In every re¬ 
spect and very satlsl'actory,” 
says a man who KNOWS the 
Star. That is the only kind you 
can afford to buy. Built to grind 
ear corn and small grain—and 
docs It. Sizes to suit power. 
Write for FREE illustrated 
descriptive booklet and prices 
THE STAR MANUFACTURING CO. 
13 Repot St., Now Lexington, Ohio. 
Just a Word About 
Jlew z/foiland 
Feed Mills 
Do not let the low price asked by dealers for 
NEW HOI,LAND Feed Mills prejudice you 
against them. The price is low only because 
NEW HOLLANDS are iu great and increasing 
demand. 
Countless farmers are daily proving by free 
trial the great money-making possibilities of 
grinding their grain before using it. They 
grind up their corn cobs with grain. 
Have your dealer lend you a NEW HOLLAND and put 
it to test. If he hasn’t one, write us to supply you. (yur 
mills run easy. Never fill 
up; grind coarse or 
fine; any kind of pow¬ 
er. 5 sizes. Send for 
catalogue and free 
book, “The Right 
Way to Fee d 
Grain.” Also facts 
about NEW HOLLAND 
Wood Saws, if you 
want them. 
NEW HOLLAND 
MACHINE COMPANY 
Box 13 
New Holland, Pa. 
TANK. 
IOO-GALLON CYPRESS 
For storing wa- 
ter.forsca.ding 
and salting and 
many other purposes. Can 
furnish with tight cover mak¬ 
ing it suitable for spraying, 
for $:l.U0 additional. We make 
all other size Tanks tn any 
shape, for all purposes. Steel 
Towers to elevate Tanks, 
Bells, Wind Mills, also Silos, 
Pumps and Gasoline Engines. 
Goods guaranteed as repre 
sented or money back. 
ThP DALTIWIORC Orv 
i ne DcooperagCi Co. 
32 S. LIBERTY STREET, BALTIMORE, MD. 
A 
S AW your own /'T 
wood 1 
and save 
time, coal and 
money; or saw 
your neighbors’ 
wood and 
MAKE 
$5 TO SI 5 
A DAY 
Hundreds are doinz it with an Appleton Wood Saw, 
Why not you? We make six styles—steel or wooden 
frames—and if desired will mount the saw frame on 
a substantial 4-whecl truck on which you can also 
mount your gasoline engine and thus have a 
PORTABLE WOOD SAWING RIG 
that is unequalled in effective work and profitable 
operation. 
We make the celebrated Hero Friction Feed Drag 
Saw also, and complete lines of feed grinders, corn 
shelters, corn huskers, fodder cutters, manure spread¬ 
ers, horse powers, windmills, etc. Ask for our Free 
Catalogue. 
Appleton Mfg.Co . Batavia, Ill.U.S.A; 
2 5 4 PAGE- C ATA LOG* FREE 
TELLING HOW TO SAW LUMBER, SHINGLES 
wood; grind corn and wheat; also describ¬ 
ing FULL LINE OF ENGINES, BOILERS, GASOLINE 
ENGINES', WATER-WHEELS AND' MILL GEARING. 
DELOACH MILL MANUFACTURING CO.. Box CTO}, Bridgeport. Alabama 
Wood Saws For Farmers 1 Use 
For sawing firewood, lumber, 
lath, posts, pickets, etc., the 
cheapest and best saw you can 
buy is a 
Herlzler &. Zook 
Wood Saw 
Easy to operate. Guaranteed for 
one year. You can build up a 
paying business in sawing fire¬ 
wood or lumber for your neigh¬ 
bor. PriceSlOOO. Write for circular. 
- Hertzler 8 Zook Co., Box a Belleville, Pa. 
ELECTRIC 
Steel Wheels 
for your wagon. Use your old run¬ 
ning gears—our steel wheels will fit 
them and make your wagon good as 
new. Send for free catalog of solid 
metal wheels (sizes to fit all axles) 
that cannot swell, dry apart or rot. 
Muke u new wniron out ofyour old 
one. Write for the book now to 
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., Box 48, Quincy, III. 
I }*' 1 Wliat Even Sowing Means 
Even sowing means even growing, 
even ripening and proper grading of the 
grain. The feed of a grain drill, as well 
as the. furrow opening devices, are of 
great importance. Some stvles of fur¬ 
row openers are best adapted to one 
kind of soil and some to others. The 
Farmers’ Favorite Grain Drill, manu¬ 
factured by The American Seeding- 
Machine Co., Incorporated, Springfield, 
Ohio, is positive in its sowing of all 
known seeds, both large and small, as 
well as all kinds of fertilizers. It is a 
decided success in all parts of the world 
where grain is raised. It is made in 
large variety of styles and sizes, fully 
and honestly guaranteed to do the best 
possible work. Wherever you live or 
whatever your seeding conditions may 
be you can get a Farmers’ Favorite Drill 
that will do your work as you want it 
done. Send to the manufacturers for 
their Farmers’ Favorite catalogue, and 
go to your local implement dealer and 
insist on seeing the Farmers’ Favorite. 
— Adv. 
You Can Now Get a 40-Year Famous 
QUAKER CITY FEED MILL 
Direct From Factory—No Money Down—On Free 
Trial—Freight Prepaid—At BIG GUT in Prices 
S END your name, quick, for Cut Price and Free Feed Mill Book on Quaker City Feed Mill Grinders, 
so we can reserve one for you to just suit your needs, and save you all jobbers’, middlemen’s and 
dealers’ profits direct from the factory. Send no money—No deposit asked—We prepay the freight 
—You are the judge and jury on the free . rTXV famuv 
trial we offer you and you get the low¬ 
est price ever made. 
Note particularly that this offer is on Quaker City 
Mills— the grinders that have been the standard of qual¬ 
ity for over 40 years—the mills that are more widely 
and more favorably known than all other makes put 
together—the mills that have never been sold before at 
the close manufacturer’s price until the past year. We 
have now cut out the Jobbers, Dealers and all Middle¬ 
men, and give you the benefit of saving their profits. 
. You can prove, too, at our risk, that the Quaker City 
is all we claim, that it is the mill you want, before you 
pay us a penny. Send your name for our 
ca a, m 12 
11 Sizes—22 Styles 
From Hand to 20-Horse Power 
Bm Feed Mill Book Fl*ee Investigate— and then convince yourself at our risk that the Quaker City Mill 
part Ear corn, shelled corn, all grains-separate or mixed", coarse! medlmn^th^ 
Grinds soft and wet corn just as well as dry corn. Write for Free Book. cTpricIs guaranty 
One of Our New 1910 Quaker City Mills will just fit your requirements and make you good money. P P&ld tre offer * 
Am G. Straub Cor, 3737 Filbert St,, Philadelphia, Pa. 
