1910 . 
65 
Ruralisms 
FERTILIZING GLADIOLI. 
The best time to fertilize the flowers 
of Gladioli is from 11 o’clock A. M. until 
2 P. M., on a bright, quiet, sunny day. 
Most varieties ripen their pollen by 
11 o’clock, although I have observed that 
the white varieties usually are an hour 
or two longer in ripening. When ripe 
the pollen exudes along the inverted 
surface of the anthers and is plainly dis- 
cernable even to the inexperienced, and 
is now ready to be applied to the 
flowers you wish to work upon. The 
next thing is to examine the stigma of 
the flower you wish to fertilize, which 
if in a receptive condition will be some¬ 
what enlarged and have a sticky appear¬ 
ance. An ordinary magnifying glass will 
help you out if you are a beginner, but 
after a little experience you will be able 
to do without the glass. The pollen 
may be applied with the tip of the 
finger, or just nip out the anthers and 
rub the powdered surface over the stig¬ 
ma, doing the work Mioroughly so that 
the stigma will be well covered with 
pollen. Emasculation is not necessary, 
for the anthers of the seed parent flower 
may be removed in time to prevent self- 
fertilization after the petals are ex¬ 
panded ; then inclose in cheesecloth or 
muslin to prevent the bees getting ahead 
of you if you are particular to get a 
‘‘dead sure” pedigree. The seed is 
much easier to handle if the chaff is rub¬ 
bed oft" before planting. Plant in beds 
about as you would radish seed, sowing 
the seed about one-half inch deep, and 
if the soil is dry wet it down well with 
a sprinkler after planting, and then 
cover the bed with four inches of clean 
straw, which should remain until the 
plants are well started. Then remove 
straw and shade with muslin for a few 
weeks. l. merton gage. 
The rural new-yorkee 
Tufted Pansies. 
C. 8. F., Chicago, 11 .—JVill you inform 
me whether the Viola or tufted pansy will 
thrive in the Northern States? Is it truly 
perennial or practically biennial like the 
ordinary pansy? Does it require frame or 
other protection in Winter? European 
horticultural catalogues mention it as both 
“perennial” and “hardy,” but 1 have found 
these terms relative and not absolute ap¬ 
plied to many other plants grown here. 
Ans. —Tufted pansies succeed very 
well with us in the vicinity of New 
York, without Winter protection other 
than drifted leaves. We do not know 
how they succeed in Chicago, though 
we believe some were used for bedding 
on the Wooded Island during the Co¬ 
lumbian Exposition. However, the tuft¬ 
ed pansies are generally regarded as 
somewhat hardier than the common pan- j 
sy; their greatest enemies are excessive 
heat and drought. We sow them either 
in early Spring or in August, treating 
them just like other pansies. - Those 
sown in August are transplanted to 
beds where water will not lie in Winter, 
and have a little litter or some ever¬ 
green boughs thrown over them, to pre¬ 
vent heaving. They are perennial in the 
sense of perpetuating themselves by self¬ 
sowing, rather than in permanence of 
individual plants, but we have had some 
plants that lasted to the third year from 
seed. '1 hey flower so freely that some¬ 
times they seem to bloom themselves to 
death. In a sheltered position they con¬ 
tinue flowering long after everything 
else is dead; two years ago, when we 
had a very open Winter, we gathered 
tufted pansies on Christmas Day, and 
again in January. These were growing 
in a herbaceous border, where leaves 
drifted among taller plants, and thus 
gave protection. The flowers, which are 
smaller than those of fine strains of or¬ 
dinary pansies, have a tendency to di¬ 
minish in size on old plants, so they 
often look like old-fashioned “Johnny- 
jump-ups;” for this reason we would 
prefer sowing fresh seed each year, 
though the self-sown plants give a great 
deal of pleasure. There are some choice 
named sorts which give very fine flow¬ 
ers. Try them in a moist but not water¬ 
logged place, where there is slight shade. 
They are often used in England as a 
carpet under rose bushes. 
Fruit for Central Ohio. 
R. D. B., Wyoming, O. —Please give me 
names of best and most prolific currant, 
red raspberry, blackberry and goose¬ 
berry. I have only garden space for one 
dozen plants of each kind, healthy two- 
year-okl plants, well rooted. 
Ans. — It would be impossible to give 
the name of a single variety of different 
classes of fruit that would prove to suc¬ 
ceed best in different and widely sepa¬ 
rated localities. Different characters of 
soils and different locations and eleva¬ 
tions cause a remarkable variation. I 
can only suggest from my own experi¬ 
ence in central Ohio. Were I planting 
but one variety of currant it would cer¬ 
tainly be the Perfection. It surpasses 
any sort I have yet seen both in size and 
prolificacy. Its growth, on our ground, 
is not so strong as that of Fay, Victoria 
or V hite Grape, but its bearing qualities 
and extreme size of cluster and berries 
render it a prize. Red Cross and Vic¬ 
toria would be my second and third 
choice of the red-fruited varieties, while 
White Grape is standard almost every¬ 
where. Of gooseberries Downing is 
probably most dependable of all under 
widely varied conditions. Portage is one 
of the finest and largest of the larger 
class. The bush, however, is not nearly 
so robust in growth as Downing. I be¬ 
lieve that the Cuthbert red raspberry 
can be depended upon to give satisfac¬ 
tion over a wider range of country, than 
any other variety. The new Manitou is 
so very similar that it may well be sub¬ 
stituted. The Eldorado blackberry would 
be my first choice for Ohio. With me it 
is a splendid grower and very prolific of 
large, luscious berries. It is a mid-season 
SOrt. _F. H. BALLOU. 
“Ignorance of the law,” said the 
judge, “is no excuse for crime.” “May I 
inquire of your honor,” asked the pros¬ 
ecuting attorney, “whether your honor’s 
remark is directed at the defendant or 
his counsel ?”—Chicago Record-Herald. 
^Fence 
Buyers 
Want to Send 
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Send me a card or letter for book right away. 
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23 E. Maumee St Adrian, Mich. 
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94 Main Street Marysville, O. 
1910 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS 
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The Tree Preserver 
Good’s 
Save your fruit trees 1 Kill all SAN JOSK 80ALE, WHITB 
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^Wha !e OU 8h Soap No. 3 
It is sure death to all enemies of vegetation. Containa no 
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Stands at the head of Lime and Sulphur solutions Re¬ 
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Box 263 Winchester, Indiana. 
14l Cents a Rod 
For 23-in. Hog Fence; 15 3-4e for- 
26-lnch; 18 8-le for 31-Inch; 22e 
for 34-inch; 25c for a 47-inch 
Farm Fence. 50-inch Poultry 
Fence 33c. Sold on 30 days 
trial. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb 
Wire $1.55 Catalogue free. 
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Box 230 MUNCIE, IND. 
T SPRAYERS 
On Free Trial advanceTno 
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