1010. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
66 
BREEDING FROM PULLETS. 
I have about 40 Buff Leghorn pullets, 
batched May 25, out of incubator. They 
have had extra care, and started to lay 
December 14. Can I breed from the best 
pullets so ns to hatch last of April and 
May? 1 have been told by doing so we 
build up a weak strain. If so, why is it? 
Holland, Mich. w. I. D. 
For the same reason that a good cattle 
breeder makes veal of the first calf from 
a heifer. He says that from his experi¬ 
ence, it is not worth raising. So with 
these pullets; they are immature and you 
do not want to breed from any imma¬ 
ture animals. You may not notice it at 
once, but you are certainly weakening 
your flock and breeding down instead 
of up. The extra care given these birds 
will force so-called maturity and start 
them laying early, but will not give age 
or real maturity needful for breeding. 
FLOYD Q. WHITE. 
ANALYSIS OF A FOOD. 
K. IF. C., Brighton, Mass .—The article, 
“High Price for Low-Grade Nitrogen,” in 
the issue of December 11, has tempted me 
to ask a question or two in regard to a 
matter of which I am entirely ignorant. 
What is the difference between nitrogen 
and nitrogen-free extract? To make my¬ 
self more clear, I have before me the 
analysis of the refuse of a dried vegetable 
after certain of its properties had been 
removed. It Is as follows: Moisture, 7.38: 
protein. 9.25; fats, 1.10; crude fibre, 19.G3; 
ash, 3.36; nitrogen-free extract, 59.28. How 
long does it take organic nitrogen, after 
it has been applied, to become available as 
plant food? 
Ans. —What you have is an analysis 
of the food value of this substance, and 
not its fertilizing value. In the animal 
body certain parts, such as the muscles 
or lean meat, hair, horns or nails and 
bones contain nitrogen. The fats of the 
body do not contain any nitrogen. In 
order to build up or maintain the mus¬ 
cles, hair or bone, the animal must have 
a supply of nitrogen in its food. To 
keep up the fat and to maintain animal 
heat and life nitrogen is not needed, 
but there must be a supply of fat-pro¬ 
ducing food. When analyzing hay, corn, 
bran or other stock foods the chemist 
groups all the points containing nitrogen 
under one general head—protein. On 
the average this protein is about one- 
sixth nitrogen. When you see the word 
protein in an analysis always remember 
that it represents the nitrogen or mus¬ 
cle-making part of the food. “Nitrogen- 
free extract” means just what its name 
implies, the parts of the food which are 
not pure fat or oil, but which contain 
no nitrogen. These substances are gums, 
sugar, starch, etc. In the analysis men¬ 
tioned over 59 per cent of all the feed 
contains no nitrogen and 1.10 per cent 
is pure fat or oil. You will understand 
that the “ash” represents what is left 
when the material is completely burned. 
The “crude fiber” is the tough indigesti¬ 
ble part, of the food—usually the shell 
or skin. This is of very little value as a 
food. 
cannot be the slightest doubt that results 
are very much ltetter for supplying adequate 
moisture to replace the Inevitable evapora¬ 
tion incident lo artificial incubation.* Just 
before the eggs are put in the machine we 
saturate the interior with a solution of 
some standard coal tar disinfectant. Then, 
while the interior is full of this heated 
vapor, we pnt the eggs in. Under each egg 
tray we keep a large shallow dish full of 
a weak disinfectant solution, until just 
before the hatch comes off. Absolute clean¬ 
liness is perhaps too obvious a matter to 
mention. We try to have our machines 
surgically clean before every hatch. The 
burlaps in the nursery trays are new for 
every hatch. 
By our methods we frequently hatch 85 
per cent of all eggs set, and average 75 
per cent. Our chicks are big, strong, and 
fluffy like the best hen-hatebed chicks. We 
ship them hundreds of miles, and then cus¬ 
tomers raise to maturity as high as 85 
per cent of them. We are after results, not 
theories, and will follow the methods of 
anyone who can show us better results. 
Maryland. mt. pleasant farm. 
Giimax Carrier. 
Feed, Ensilage, Litter. 
A stable help that saves labor. Brings feed from 
silo or bln to manner, carries manure from all 
stablings to same pile or dumps oh wagon Easy 
lift, light running, positive dump. Made of steel. 
Straight or curved tracks to run anywhere and suit 
any stable plan. Write for descriptive circular, 
Warsaw-Wilkinson Co., 
50 Highland Ave., Warsaw, N. Y. 
GREEN MOUNTAIN 
The most serviceable, lasting 
and satisfactory. 
Lower prices for early orders. 
Write NOW. 
Creamery Package Mfg. Co. 
338 Wes ‘ St., Rutland, Vt. 
A 
ii«j>*ja 
II' -m l0 
ill 1 v! 
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR 
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE 
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING 
INTERNATIONAL 
SILOS 
lgest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated 
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoop- 
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WELL 
DRILLING 
MACHINES 
Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or 
shallow wells in any kind of soil or rock. Mounted on 
\vheel8oron sills. With engines or horse powers. Strong, 
simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them 
easily. Send for catalog. 
WILLIAMS BROS.. Ithaca, N. Y. 
SILO BOOK FREE 
HINTS FOR INCUBATION. 
In my experience with incubators there 
have seemed to be five principal points 
which make for success or failure. The first 
and most important consideration of all is 
to have eggs from healthy breeding stock 
of the highest possible vigor. Weak-germed 
eggs, from stock of low vitality, will not 
hatch strong chicks, even under hens In 
proper nests. The second and obvious point 
is correct temperature regulation. This is 
a very simple matter in a suitable cellar, 
luit sometimes very difficult in a draughty 
room, with wide variation in temperature. 
Hir cellar shows an extreme variation in 
the severest weather of less than five de¬ 
grees between midnight and mid-day. We 
start at 102° and allow the increasing heat 
developed by the embryo chicks to raise the 
temperature gradually to 103°. As further 
increase of animal heat tends to raise the 
temperature above 103°, we regulate the 
lamps and thermostats to keep it down to 
that point until hatching begins, when it 
will rise to 104°, or even 105°. 
Fresh air is a matter thought much too 
little of. It is an absolute essential for 
the healthy, normal development of the 
chicks. Our cellar has a practically perfect 
system of floor and ceiling ventilation, which 
keeps the air sweet and pure at ail times. 
We run the machines with the bottom 
ventilators open, and in mild weather, the 
whole bottoms out. until the hatch begins, 
when we close up to preserve the moisture 
so essential to a successful hatch. When 
the hatch is about over, and the chicks 
are hardening, every ventilator is opened 
wide, and in mild weather the doors even 
are left partially open. The fourth factor, 
and one of the greatest importance in suc¬ 
cessful incubation, is an adequate moisture 
supply, in our experience, there is no such 
thing as a “non-moisture machine.’’ It 
of course, possible to secure a fair 
hatch without supplying moisture, but there 
Tells profits silos make—tells what a Lansing mcans^ 
to you. Shows just the silo to meet your needs— 
tell, why you can't afford t> get along without one. 
Lansing Silo 
Best lumber; best construction; pos¬ 
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Draw Lugs, and Continuous Doorway 
with Ladder Front. Write for our book, 
Read what Experiment Stations and many 
Lansing owners say. Write Now. 
SEVERENCE TANK & SILO CO. 
Dept. 329 Lansing, Mich. 
tTHE 
RO 
CO 
</> 
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L0 
The only thoroughly manufactured 
Silo on the market. Full length stave. 
Continuous door framo complete with 
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with 
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy 
hoops at bottom. 
AIR TIGHT 
Makes winter feed equal to June 
grass. THE BOSS will more than pay 
for itself in one season. Write to¬ 
day for catalog which gives facts that 
will save you money. Agents wanted. 
The E. \V. Boss Co.(Est.l850) 
Box 13 
SPRIXGFIELD. OHIO 
Fertile Farms in Tennessee 
—$5 to $10 per acre— 
Fortunes are being made on fertile Tennes¬ 
see farms. They raise big crops of Canta¬ 
loupes, Cabbage, Tomatoes. String Beans, 
Green Corn, etc., also Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, 
Poultry and Kerns. Write me at once ror Free 
Literature. I'll tell you how to get one of these 
splendid farms for $5 to $10 f>er acre. Act quickly! 
II. F. Smith, Traf. Mgr., N.C.&StL.Ry.,Dept,C. Nashville, Tcnn. 
GREAT LOSS 
IN FEEDING 
WHOLE GRAIN 
, Mr. Feeder do you realize how much actual waste there is 
IQ feeding whole grain to your live stock? 
Do you realize that out of every hundred pounds of whole 
grain fed over twenty-six pounds pass through the digestive 
tract unmasticated and undigested? 
Do you realize what an awful waste this is and what it 
amounts to in the course of a year? 
Stop and think what this really means! If your hired man 
should go to your granary and throw out on the manure pile 
twenty-six bushels of whole grain (corn and oats) out of every 
hundred bushels you had on hand, you would certainly discharge 
him, would you not? Well, that is practically what you are doing 
when you feed whole grain. You are practically throwing onto 
the manure pile over one-fourth the whole grain you feed with¬ 
out one particle of benefit to your stock. The loss is tremendous. 
It would bankrupt a man in any other line of business. We know 
of no manufacturing concern that can or does stand such an 
enormous waste. This is not a theory—it is a positive fact borne 
out by actual practical tests, conducted frequently by high 
feeding authorities. 
That it is wrong to feed horses, cows and other live stock 
whole grain has been very forcibly demonstrated at the Michi¬ 
gan Experiment Station by Prof. R. S. Shaw and Mr. H. W. 
Norton, Jr. In a recent bulletin issued by the Michigan State 
Agricultural College are recorded a series of tests which got at 
the actual facts. Several experiments were carried on but the 
one most interesting was the feeding of a mixture of whole corn 
and oats with a little bran to dairy cows. Six cows were taken 
from the Grade Dairy Herd. They consumed seventy-seven 
pounds of the mixture per head per week. In addition they re¬ 
ceived all the clover hay they could eat. 
i 
Ihti amount of whole grain, 
passed through the dimme tract of 
one cow in 7 dayy Washed out 
from the droppings „ 
; 
77 (Whole Corn. tf. 
‘ 1 1 Whole. Oats.* 
L flran 2- 
/Imount consumed by each. 
Cow m 7 clays— 
Reproduced from the Michigan State Experiment Station Bulletin. 
Cows consumed 77 pounds of the mixture, corn 4. oats 4 , 
bran 2. per week. 
Corn and oats contained 90.64 per cent Dry Matter. 
Cow 
Corn 
and 
Oats 
fed lbs 
Dry 
matter 
con¬ 
sumed 
lbs 
Wt. of 
grain 
from 
drop’gs 
lbs 
Per ct. 
dry- 
matter 
Total 
lbs dry 
matter 
Per ct. 
left 
whole 
No. 1. 
61.6 
61.6 
61.6 
61.6 
61.6 
61.6 
55.83 
55.83 
55.83 
65.83 
65.83 
55.83 
12.4 
25.7 
15.5 
11.5 
18.1 
14,4 
90.96 
91.26 
92.34 
92.34 
92.34 
92.34 
11.279 
23.453 
14.312 
10.619 
16.713 
13.296 
20.20 
40.21 
25.63 
19.02 
29.93 
23.81 
No. 2... 
No. 3. 
No. 4. 
No. 5. 
No. 6. 
Average. 
61.6 
55.83 
16.26 
91.93 
14.945 
26.46 
The accompanying illustration and table show the amount of 
whole corn, whole oats and bran consumed by each cow in seven 
days, and the amount of whole corn and whole oats excreted un*. 
masticated and undigested. 
The result of this experiment shows that 26.48 per cent of 
the whole corn and oats had not been masticated nor digested. 
We cite the above experiment because it shows clearly the 
great loss in feeding whole grain. 
Note particularly the difference in the quantity of food undi¬ 
gested by the several cows: One cow passed over 40 per cent 
of her feed undigested—you can never tell how much whole 
grain your animals are passing. 
The only way you can be sure that yon are getting your 
money’s worth out of the feed you are giving your animals is to 
feed a ground ration, and that ground ration should be the best. 
STOCK 
FEED 
Schumacher 
The Perfect Grain Ration for all Farm Stock 
is a most economical, highly nutritious ground ration. It 
consists of the best feeding portions of corn, oats and barley 
finely ground, kiln-dried and in proper proportions. 
It is an all digestible feed, extremely palatable, consist¬ 
ing of just the variety of grains required to produce the 
best results. Thousands of the most prominent feed¬ 
ers testify to its merits by its constant use, If your 
dealer cannot supply you. write to us. 
The Quaker O^s (bmparvy 
Chicago, Illinois. 
O 
DOUBLE ACTION HARROW &, 
FOR IOO% CROPS 
With this tool more different kinds 
of work can be done, 
with loss effort, than 
■with any other. CLARK’S is the only Disk Culti¬ 
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principle. It will do the work of several disk ma¬ 
chines that would cost you several times as much, 
and do it more thoroughly, because it has 4 gangs 
instead of only 2. The draft is always from centre- 
suitable for 2 light horses. Equipped with Extension 
Head and Jointed Pole, and when so ordered two 
large disks for Listing are supplied. 
Bend today for our free Book, "Large Hay Crops.” 
CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY, 
839 Main St., HIGGANUM, CONN. 
CULTIVATOR 
THE 
ORICINAL 
“CUTAWAY.” 
