1910. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
©r 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice 
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains 
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the 
advice is based upon experience and average 
analyses of foods. By ‘-protein” is meant the 
elements in the food which go to make muscle or 
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch, 
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for 
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found In 
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual 
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is 
driven off. A “narrow ration” means one in which 
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close 
—a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger 
proportion of carbohydrates. 
A Standard Milk Ration. 
Flease give me a ration for my milch 
cows from the following feeds: Corn and 
cob meal, which I have; bran at $30 per 
ton • oil meal at $30 per ton. I have corn 
fodder, and can buy clover hay. I also have 
thrashed oats. Can they be fed to cows? 
If so, how much should be added to the 
grain feed? Can corn fodder entirely take 
the place of clover hay? a. m. c. 
The following ration compounded 
from the feeds you mention will pro¬ 
duce fairly good results: 12 pounds 
clover hay; six pounds cut corn fod¬ 
der; five pounds corn-and-cob meal; 
five pounds wheat bran; 2, l / 2 pounds oil 
meal. This ration has a nutritive ratio 
of 1:5.6, which is very near the stand¬ 
ard. If you are compelled to pay $30 
per ton for wheat bran you will find 
this is rather an expensive ration. You 
ought to be able -to purchase _ better 
feeds at a comparatively lower price. It 
will pay you to have your oats ground 
before they are fed to milch cows. I 
would not advise feeding them whole. 
From one-fourth to one-half of the grain 
ration may be composed of ground oats 
if desired. Corn fodder cannot take the 
place of good clover hay for feeding 
with the above grain ration. If you want 
to feed corn fodder entirely for rough- 
age your cows will require more grain 
which is rich in protein to make a bal¬ 
anced ration. Cotton-seed meal, gluten 
meal, dried brewers’ and distillers’ grains 
and malt sprouts are all feeds of this 
class, and are generally sold at more 
reasonable prices than wheat bran. 
C. S. GREENE. 
Ration for Jersey Heifers. 
1 . Will you give me rations for purebred 
Jersey heifers, two years old? They are 
giving from 20 to 24 pounds of milk per' 
day, which we churn into butter, hive are 
fresh and seven or eight will be fresh in 
the Spring. We have for feed corn silage, 
corn fodder and Timothy hay. We are 
feeding now old cornmeal. gluten, bran 
and oil meal, in the following propor¬ 
tions: 500 pounds of old cornmeal, 500 
pounds of gluten, 400 pounds of bran 
and 100 pounds of oil meal, for feeding 
about four pounds morning and evening. 
Old cornmeal costs $1.40 per hundred, glu¬ 
ten $1.50, bran $1.40. and oil meal $1.85. 
We can get any kind of meal we want here. 
We feed silage morning and evening, and 
corn fodder and hay during the day. 2 . 
Also, can yon recommend hominy for sows? 
Wo have ear corn and have been feeding 
some hominy and skim-milk from the sepa¬ 
rator. Flease advise if you think 20 to 24 
pounds of milk per day is a fair yield from 
purebred heifers. J. M. 
Pennsylvania. 
1 . If J. M. is finding his Jersey heifers 
all the roughage they will eat they are 
probably consuming daily about 30 
pounds corn silage, five pounds corn fod¬ 
der, and five pounds hay. These feeds 
are all rich in carbohydrates. His grain 
ration will want to be made up of con¬ 
centrates rich in protein to balance the 
carbohydrates in his roughage. From 
this point of view his grain ration now 
contains too much cornmeal. A mixture 
made up as follows would be more eco¬ 
nomical, especially if his silage has ears: 
100 pounds cornmeal.; 400 pounds dis¬ 
tillers’ grains; 500 pounds gluten feed; 
400 pounds bran ; 100 pounds oil meal. 
If the silage is not well eared it might 
be well to increase the cornmeal to 200 
pounds at the expense of the distillers* 
grains. The heifers in milk will proba¬ 
bly need about six to eight pounds of 
this ration daily. The dry heifers will 
not need more than from two to four 
pounds according to condition. Twenty 
to 24 pounds of milk is a very fair yield 
for two-year-old heifers, especially if 
this milk has a very high content of 
butter fat. 2. For brood sows hominy in 
large quantities would not be advisable. 
A small amount daily with the skim-milk 
would be advisable, also some clover hay 
if it oan be obtained. For fattening hogs, 
however, hominy is a thoroughly good 
feed and may be fed in large quantities 
if the price is about the same as that of 
cornmeal. e. s. b. 
Feed for Heifer. 
I have a two-year-old Durham heifer that 
is due to freshen in March, and will have 
to buy stock hay in bales for her by that 
time. At present she is eating good early- 
cut mixed hay that I cured myself but have 
only about enough for a month or so longer. 
1 get vegetable peelings from families enough 
to give her two good feeds a day, and all 
the hay she will eat. What grain ration is 
best to make a fine milker of Tier, and about 
how much a day should be fed. Also will it 
be necessary to grain her after grass comes 
to keep up the supply of milk? She has a 
beautiful creamy skin, almost color of but¬ 
ter. Is that any sign of a good milker? I 
can get bran, ground oats, red dog mid¬ 
dlings, oil meal, linseed meal, and cornmeal 
here and I think anything else that would 
he required to feed her. and am anxious to 
give her the best possible care she needs to 
become a first-class milker. C. K. 
Massachusetts. 
If I understand your letter correctly 
you are anxious to give your cow the 
best feed you can without taking its cost 
into consideration. I would start at once 
to give her a little bran and ground oats 
or wheat middlings mixed ^qual parts 
by weight. The amount to feed depends 
upon the condition of the animal. If she 
is in good condition feed about two or 
three pounds a day, 'but if she is thin in 
flesh you should feed a little more. Feed 
very lightly just before and just after 
parturition, and increase the grain ra¬ 
tion very slowly after she has been 
milked about 10 days, or when she has 
recovered from the effects of parturition. 
The following is a good ration to feed 
with hay: Two pounds cotton-seed meal; 
two pounds oil meal; four pounds dis¬ 
tillers’ dried grains and two pounds 
ground oats. If you cannot get the best 
distillers’ grains, you can substitute malt 
sprouts, dried brewers’ grains or wheat 
bran. I do not think you will need any 
cornmeal, as a Durham should keep in 
good condition on the above ration. 
Feed at least one pound of grain for 
every three pounds of milk she gives if 
she will eat it with a relish but never 
feed any more than she will eat up clean 
in a few minutes. You should continue 
feeding the vegetable peelings right 
along, as they will help to keep her in 
good condition. The yellow colored skin 
is an indication of rich butter quality. 
C. S. GREENE. 
A Dairy Ration. 
We are feeding dairy cows the following ra¬ 
tion per day : 80 pounds malt sprouts, $26.50 
per ton ; 70 pounds Ajax grains, $31 per ton ; 
70 pounds cob meal; 60 pounds cotton-seed, 
$31- per ton; six pounds salt. This is fed 
to 32 milking cows. We mix this feed in 
24 bushels of cut corn fodder and thorough¬ 
ly wet. We also use about eight quarts of 
crude molasses mixed into this. We feed 
one-half bushel of silage night and morning, 
and all the oats and pea hay they will eat 
at noon. The cows are giving good results, 
averaging 11 quarts. Can you suggest any 
changes, and what is the ratio? Also what 
is the proper way to use molasses? It is 
thick and hard to work with. t. b. 
Delaware Co., Fa. 
You are feeding a very good ration 
for the production of milk, which is 
shown by the average quantity of milk 
your cows are giving. The grain ration 
lias a nutritive ratio of i: 2 . 7 , which is 
very near the standard for feeding with 
molasses, corn fodder, silage and hay, 
but as you do not state the weight of 
the corn fodder, silage and oat and pea 
hay your cows are eating it is impossible 
for me to figure the nutritive ratio for 
the entire ration. I would not make any 
changes until such are suggested by dif¬ 
ferent conditions which may appear at 
any time. Your method of feeding is 
also good except that you should mix 
the molasses with three times its hulk 
of warm water before mixing it with 
the feed. If you try to mix the pure 
molasses with dry feed it will be found 
a difficult task, but as the molasses is 
readily dissolved in warm water this 
mixture of molasses and water can be 
used to wet the feed just as conveniently 
as water can he used alone for this pur¬ 
pose. C. S. GREENE. 
Wintering Young Stock. 
Can you give me some idea as to what 
would be a fair charge for wintering 
yearling heifers from November 15 to May 
15, with stock hay worth $16 per ton? This 
hay is mixed grasses, mostly from natural 
seeding. Would it not be better to sell the 
hay and replace the plant food with chemi¬ 
cals? If so, what would make the best fer¬ 
tilizer for these hayflelds, which are eventu¬ 
ally to be turned into orchards, apple and 
peach ? s. d. G. 
Warren, Mass. 
There is a whole lot of difference in 
yearling heifers, so without knowing 
what kind you have your question can 
only be answered in a general way for 
average conditions. By yearling heifers 
I assume that you mean a year old 
last Spring. Hay alone is not a proper 
feed for them. They would probably 
require from $18 to $20 worth of hay 
and $5 to $7 worth of grain, making a 
total of $25 at least to bring them 
through to the middle of May in good 
condition. You can figure from this 
whether it will pay you to feed the 
heifers or not, as I cannot tell how 
much they will gain in value during this 
time, so much depends upon the heifers 
themselves. 1 would give the land a 
good top-dressing of stable manure this 
Winter if it is situated where it will 
not wash to any great extent before 
Spring. 
As to your second question, it will 
depend upon what you can make out 
of these heifers. You do not say 
whether you expect to milk them or 
sell them. At present prices for good 
hay these heifers will have to bring 
considerable money to pay for the feed. 
You can keep up the yield of hay by 
using a mixture of equal parts nitrate 
of soda, muriate of potash, fine ground 
lime and acid phosphate, at least 600 
pounds per acre each year. c. s. g. 
Dried Cornstalks in the Silo. 
I have never had any experience in using 
dry cornstalks in the silo. It is probably 
practical to do this, but I believe the 
shredded cornstalks would not be improved 
to any extent in their feeding value other 
than to make them a little more palatable. 
We are well aware that the cornstalk is not 
particularly palatable, and animals will not 
eat large quantities of them unless forced 
to by absolute hunger. The shredding of 
the stalk and the mixing it up with bran 
and other grain, naturally improves Its 
palatability, and has a tendency to cause 
the animal to eat larger quantities of it. 
The putting of the shredded stalks into the 
silo together with more or less water, would 
probably induce a fermentation, and thereby 
give the resulting product a better taste. 
This process may improve the digestibility 
a little, but such a product could not com¬ 
pare in nutritive value with silage made 
from the whole plant, that is stalks and 
ears. j. b. lindsey. 
Massachusetts Experiment Station. 
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