THE K.UK-A.IV nkw-vokkkr 
117 
1910. 
MULCHED APPLES AND INTER-PLANT¬ 
ING. 
I have been much interested in what 
has been brought out in your study of 
a mulched orchard. My orchard of 
about 800 trees was set out in 1894 and 
1895, and has never had a plow in it, 
only to plow irrigating ditches. The 
orchard is now well set in grass, Tim¬ 
othy and clover. For the last three 
years I have mowed it for hay; I keep 
quite a herd of cattle, and the orchard 
gets plenty of barnyard manure, and it 
is in a good state of fertility now. The 
land is too stony to plow, but I have 
all the surface rocks picked off; I am 
in line with H. W. G., and have now a 
good bunch of hogs running in about' 
one-half of the orchard. On page 1066, 
W. A. M., of Virginia, states that his 
Winesap fail to fruit enough for a good 
crop; the idea has lately come to me 
that a single variety of apples does not 
get properly pollenized. In 1894 I set 
out what I bought for 100 Spitzcnburgs, 
but when they came to bearing they 
were Ben Davis. I had them grafted 
to Spitzenburg. They were grafted six 
or seven years ago, and they do not 
bear at all to amount to anything. An¬ 
other lot of Spitzenburg were grafted 
into Ben Davis; they were in a lot of 
different varieties and they have borne 
plenty of fruit. The best paying crop 
of apples I had this year was Snow 
(Fameuse) and Spitzenburg, both grow¬ 
ing on one tree about half and half, 
grafted five years ago. Spitzenburg and 
Wealthy on the same tree does well 
with me. M. h. pierce. 
Montana. 
GREEN RYE FOR MULCH. 
D. B. LHanover, Pa .—Some time ago I 
rend about green rye mowed and used as a 
mulch to trees being injurious. Did I mis¬ 
understand you, or is that correct? I have 
orchard of 1,000 apple and 900 peach trees, 
iu which I sowed rye as green cover crop 
to use as mulch. Will it be injurious to 
trees? I expected to mow and place around 
trees about May 1. 
Ans.—G o right ahead and use the 
green rye for mulching the trees. What 
we said was that when green rye, full 
of sap, is plowed into certain soils, 
corn and some other crops will often 
fail to grow well. We think the trouble 
is due to some peculiar ferment in the 
rye. We have overcome it by mowing 
the rye and letting it wilt before plowing 
under. There will be no trouble with 
rye cut and left on top of the ground. 
POULTRY IN GREENHOUSES. 
I am trying a few hens in my greenhouse 
for experiment. I have a yard 12 x 7 feet 
enclosed in which I have seven hens and one 
cock. lias anyone ever tried hens in a green¬ 
house? If so with what results? Some 
poultry men claim artificial heat is detri¬ 
mental to chickens. I tried lamp heat in a 
roosting coop when the thermometer regis¬ 
tered zero or under for two weeks; one 
morning it was 18 degrees below. I had 
13 hens and during this period I received 
from seven to 13 eggs every day. I will let 
you know the results. I intend removing 
the chickens while smoking for insects on 
lettuce. f. h. 
Johnstown. Pa. 
We want to know the results and also 
the experience of other poultry men. We 
see no reason why chickens should not 
thrive with greenhouse culture, but as to 
whether the hens would lay enough eggs 
to pay for fuel and firing is another propo¬ 
sition. The plan would not appeal to prac¬ 
tical greenhouse men, or to poultrymen, 
either. The thing to do is to master the 
greenhouse work and grow lettuce, or other 
crops under glass, and keep the chickens in 
poultry houses. 
ANOTHER CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZA¬ 
TION. 
When the Vineland Farmers’ Exchange 
of Vineland, N. J., started we told what the 
members hoped to do. Now we have this 
statement by the secretary: 
We commenced doing business November 
8 , and since that time have had an uphill 
road to climb, and difficulties have come up 
from time to time which have appeared al¬ 
most insurmountable. The New York com¬ 
mission houses are putting up the fight of 
their lives, for this one of their richest 
tributaries. However, the Exchange has 
been steadily forging its way ahead and 
will very soon be on such a solid basis that 
it will be impossible for the conditions 
which exist to overpower it. At this season 
of the year sweet potatoes are main crop 
to be disposed of, and the Exchange has 
proven itself capable of doing this satisfac¬ 
torily to .all concerned. The prices obtained 
by the Exchange members have averaged 
from 15 to 25 cents per hamper more than 
those of the independent shippers, who send 
their goods to the New York market re¬ 
gardless of market conditions, and then are 
forced to accept whatever returns the com¬ 
mission man sees fit to make. On the other 
hand the Exchange officers are in constant 
communication with all of the eastern mar¬ 
kets, and are enabled in this way to place 
the goods where the farmer will receive the 
most benefit. The object of the organization 
is to sell goods on an F. O. B. basis, so that 
the farmer knows just what he will receive 
for his goods before they leave the station. 
A five per cent commission is charged by 
the Exchange for handling the members’ 
goods; this five per cent goes to pay the 
running expenses of the organization, and 
if the full charge is not required for this 
purpose the balance is refunded to the 
farmers in the way of dividends on their 
Stock. ARDEN M. ELLIS. 
Treasurer. 
HIGH PRICE OF FOOD. 
The Syracuse Chamber of Commerce pur¬ 
pose to' hold a conference to discuss the 
present cost of food. As member of a com¬ 
mittee to call upon Secretary Wilson. John 
A. Stewart, a trustee of the New York 
School of Agriculture at Morrisville, is re¬ 
ported to have put the facts down as they 
should be put. 
“When the time has arrived when onions 
are selling in the city of Now York at the 
rate of $6.40 a barrel, apples at the rate 
of $20 a barrel, potatoes at the rate of 
$4.50 a barrel, and all other food supplies 
at proportionate prices, it seems as though 
the entire consuming population should 
arise in protest and ascertain the reason 
why, as now seems more than likely, food 
produced in the United States should cost 
more to the American consumer than food 
produced in the United States costs in the 
countries of Europe, to which some of it is 
exported. 
“In connection with my duties as trustee 
of the Morrisville school,” continued Mr. 
Stewart, "I have had occasion to inquire 
into conditions in central New York and 
have found instances where the farmer 
producer got three cents a bunch for as¬ 
paragus which sold at six cents in a neigh¬ 
boring village and 45 cents in the city of 
New York; where apples, in one instance 
60 bushels, were sold to a commission house 
in the city of New York, the return to the 
farmer for which was $4.65, a statement 
accompanying a check enclosure explaining 
that this was the balance due to the farmer 
from the sale of the apples by the commis¬ 
sion man after the latter had paid the 
freight and taken out his commission, which 
apples, I may state. Wore afterward found 
in the warehouse of the same commission 
man and unsold. The farmer, having no re¬ 
course, was merely the victim of a swindle, 
and a common swindle in New York city 
among a certain class of commission men. 
“In almost every instance I have found 
that the cause of high prices must not be 
sought for upon the farm, but must await 
discovery when a thorough and fact finding 
investigation is begun which begins at the 
railway freight station and ends in the 
store of the retailer. So far as ascertain¬ 
able from a cursory investigation the law 
of supply and demand does not govern the 
distribution of food products in the large 
cities, but the price which is paid to the 
producer is arbitrarily fixed by cliques of 
commission men, and these same cliques as 
arbitrarily fix the prices at which these 
food products shall be sold to the retail 
dealer, who in turn charges the consumer 
all that the traffic will bear. It is stated 
as a fact that the working man in the 
manufacturing centres to-day pays a larger 
proportion relatively of his wages for food 
than his rival in England or Germany or 
France, and that the cost of living and the 
profit on American products is less in these 
countries than it is in the United States.” 
Power for Pumping. 
Please tell J. L. J.. page 40. who asks 
about power for providing water, that a 
windmill will be decidedly the cheapest and 
simplest. I would locate the mill about 
midway of the lift, 30 feet, and then he 
could throw it in and out of gear with a 
wire running to the house. The following is 
my plan, and been in operation for 25 years 
at a cost of less than 50 cents a year for 
paint, repairs, etc., and in good shape yet. 
Draw water by suction 325 feet witii 15 
feet elevation. With a two-way pump have 
a house tank for house use direct from the 
Spring. Then turn pump for water to go up 
a hill 90 feet elevation, 600 feet distant to 
a cistern with 325 barrel capacity. From 
there it flows back to barn in same pipe 
with hydrants in yard ; horse barn and in¬ 
dividual water buckets for 30 head of cattle, 
and hydrant on the house lawn and water 
in house; can attach hose to all and it gives 
good fire protection. With a good reservoir 
and some attention there is no trouble to 
have all the water you want—at least that 
is my experience. w. s. l. 
Sussex, N. J. 
Cures Strained Puffy Ankles,Lymphangitis, 
Poll Evil, Fistula, Sores, Wire Cuts, Bruis¬ 
es and Swellings, Lameness, and Allays 
Pain Quickly without Blistering, removing 
the hair, or laying the horse up. Pleasant 
to use. $2.00 per bottle at dealers or de¬ 
livered. Horse Book 5 D free. 
ABSORBINB, JR., (mankind,$1.00 bot- 
'■ tle.)For Strains,Gout,VaricoseVeins.Var- 
icocele.Hydrocele, Prostatitis, kills pain. 
W. F. YOUNG, P, 0. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 
Death lo Heaves Guaranteed 
Or Money Refunded. 
NEWTON’S 
Heave, Cough and 
Distemper Cure. 
1 ““ $1.00 per can at dealers, 
or express paid. 18 years’ 
sale. Send for booklet. 
Horse Troubles. < 
THE MEWTON REMEDY CO., Toledo, Ohio. 
Will You Try the 
Sterilac Milk Pail 
for 10 days Free? 
This pail insures clean milk, be¬ 
cause with it the milk and the dirt 
can never come together. After the 
dirt once gets into milk the damage 
is done, and straining can only take 
out the coarse, solid part of the dirt, 
leaving the bacteria in the milk. 
Milk taken with the Sterilac 
pail contains 90% less bacteria than milk taken in an open 
pail. The milk is well above all health-board standards 
for purity, and it keeps sweet one or more days longer 
than open-pail milk. 
The Sterilac Pail is the best low-priced method of producing the high¬ 
est grade of sanitary milk. Try it. 
Here is our offer: We will send a pail, prepaid delivery. You 
try it for 10 days. If you are not satisfied, send it back 
at our expense. If you like it, send us $2.50. Write us 
that you accept our offer, and we will ship the pail. 
The Sterilac Pail will save you money in the long run, because it 
will stop complaints on your milk from families, dairies and creameries. 
It is better made and will last longer than any pail that you ever 
owned. Try it. You run no risk. 
Sterilac Company, 5 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass. 
Modern sanitary Milk Apparatus of all kinds. 
Note the strainer cloth on which 
the milk strikes. 
Note the dirt-shelf which catches 
the dirt falling from the udder. The 
projecting top shields the strainer 
cloth from falling dirt. 
It is easy to use, because the 
opening is of ample width. 
It does not spatter. 
SILOS 
The kind "Uncle Sam” uses. Also used by the State* 
of Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, 
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Kansas and 
others. Furt her proof of their 'superiority contained 
in our free catalog. Send for it. Also cutting machinery. 
HARDER MFG. CO., Box If. Cobleskill, N. Y. 
lTHE 
R 
SSSI 
fl 
: 
mi 
H ft 
lilllill 1! 
The only thoroughly manufactured 
Silo on the market. Full length stave. 
Continuous door framo complete with 
ladder. Triple bovoled silo door with 
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy 
hoops at bottom. 
AIR TIGHT 
Makes winter feed equal to Juna 
grass. THE ROSS will more than pay 
for itself in otio season. Write to¬ 
day for catalog which gives facts that 
will save you money. Agents wanted. 
The £. W. ltoss Co.(list.1850) 
Box 13 SI’RINUPlKlil). OHIO 
CRUMB'S WARR?N W ER 
STANCHION 
“ My bam that was 
BURNED 
was fittest with Crumb’s 
Warriner Stanchions. If it 
had not been for tlie ease with 
which these fasteners were 
opened I should have lost my 
cows,” writes Mr. Everett 
Gains, Bemardstown, Mass. 
Booklet Free. 
WALLACE 1>. CRUMB, Box 115, Foreatvillc, Conn. 
Save Your Back! 
What’s the use of lifting heavy loads over 
high wooden wheels when you can have 
a set of Empire Low Steel Wheels at half 
the cost? Cut out the strains and drudg¬ 
ery of farm loading by having a set of 
these everlasting Empires. They save your 
wooden wheels, save your team and save 
you. Send for free catalog. (9) 
Empire Mfg. Co., Box 596, Quincy, Ill, 
30 
■UW 
EARLY BUYERS 
SAVE MONEY 
EARN' T % c o o r 6 r:r paid 
SH! HOW AL A M AZ 0 0 J S ”2C Q li" 
MICHIGAN 
Bigger Stock Profits 
Feed Knsilage—save expense—get more 1 
beef, muscle and milk. But get the rights 
silo. Send for our book of facts and 
figures to prove that 
Lansing Silos 
are best. Used and endorsed by thousands 
of farmers and Experiment Stations. 
Choice of 6 woods. All-steel hoops with 
draw-lugs. Positively air-tight. Write 
postal NOW for book. Address 
SEVERANCE TANK & SILO CO. 
Dept. 329, Lansing, Mich. 
DOES 
TWO 
or flxod 
Pivot 
whool 
wheel 
M 
high 
or lo 
GRENLOCH, N 
ONE MAN 
WORK OF 
With Iron Age Riding Culti¬ 
vators. You can do it easier and 
better, because they aro built on 
lines that make this possible. 
Hoes Lre under perfect control. 
Can regulat© depth and 
keep hoes desired dis¬ 
tance from growing 
plants. More ad¬ 
vantages in our 
IRON AGE 
Boob.! P, 
FREE. 
BATEMAN MFG. CO., Bax 102 -C 
* 
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR 
. NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE 
^GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING 
Us INTERNATIONAL 
ass silos 
15* , 
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated 
on the market. Adjustable automatic takeuphoop— 
continuous open-door front—air-tight door and per¬ 
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. Th* 
International Silo Co., Box 13, Linesvllle, l’a. 
GREEN (MOUNTAIN 
The most serviceable, lasting 
and satisfactory. 
Lower prices for early orders. 
Write NOW. 
Creamery Package Mfg. Co. 
338 West St., Rutland, Vt. 
CHAIN HANGING 
CATTLE STANCHION 
The Most Practical 
CATTLE FASTENER 
ever invented. 
Manufactured and for 
sale by » 
O. H. RORERTSON, 
Forestville, Conn. 
Meeker 
Disc Smoothing Harrow, 
Onion Seed Drills and Hand Wheel Koes. 
Southport Globe Onion Seed 
Send for Catalogue and Pi'iccs. 
THE C. 0. JELLIFF MFG. C0RP. 
Southport, Connecticut 
