irj4 
THE KUKA L, NEW-VUKKER 
February 5 
Getting Rid of Osage Orange. 
G. W. .1/., Joppa, Aid .—I have an osage 
hedge on a newly acquired piece of land. 
Wanting to get rid of it this Winter. I had 
it cut down and thrown all one way over 
tile hedge-row. I propose letting it lie as 
it is now for one year, and then fire; after 
that grub off all sprouts. This hedge stood 
from 12 io 20 feet high and from three to 
five inches in diameter, and very regular in 
the row. Do you think I can get rid of 
it in this way? 
smaller pot, using 80 per acre, and others 
the larger pots, using 40 to GO per acre. 
It is fortunate under the community of 
interest so apparent in the orchard districts 
in western Colorado that each and every 
man regards himself as at the service of 
the orchardist, and it is. therefore, possible 
to procure at critical periods excellent help. 
Some of tlie town people will not. accept 
payment at the time for the help so ren¬ 
dered. The orcliardists in that case remem¬ 
ber them in the Fall of the year with sun¬ 
dry barrels of apples. It is apparent also 
Ans.—T he “osage orange” or “bois 
cl’arc” tree, w|icn once well established 
in good soil and climate, is one of 
the hardest of all things known to kill 
out. Its roots will sprout and come 
again time after time. I had a long and 
troublesome experience with it in Kan- 
that a district solidly planted to orchards 
is more susceptible of protection than scat¬ 
tered orchards, miles apart. It is also ap¬ 
parently true that in western Colorado, cold 
waves come with very little wind. The wind 
velocity of those districts is so light at 
these seasons of the year that there is 
rarely sufficient wind with the cold wave 
settling upon the orchard, to blow the heat 
sas, where we once thought it the best 
fence we could make. But it takes too 
much nourishment from the land near 
it, and requires very frequent and close 
trimming to keep it in order. The tim¬ 
ber is very hard, durable and valuable 
for fence posts, and I would suggest 
cutting out everything that is fit for this 
purpose, leaving the brush over the 
stumps in the row. Next July set fire to 
the brush and burn it to the ground, 
together with the sprouts, which will be 
very numerous and strong. Cut down 
any new sprouts that grow later in the 
season, or better still, pull out every 
stump with a good team as soon as the 
fire is out, or as soon as it is convenient 
to do it. H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
ORCHARD PROTECTION BY HEATING. 
The Nebraskan is very much interested 
in methods in use in Colorado for orchard 
heating, it is also interesting to note the 
hearty unanimity which prevails through 
the entire community at critical periods. 
The banker, (he professional man, file busi¬ 
ness man, the residents of (lie towns, place 
themselves at the service of the orcliardists 
for flic time being. The owners of auto¬ 
mobiles telephone to the orehardists their 
readiness to place their machines at their 
service to bring out help from town. The 
Weather Service warns of approaching 
changes in (lie weather and gives prompt 
and ringing notice of impending danger. In 
the Grand Junction district, some 3,000,000 
heaters were used during (he past season, 
and for a distance of many miles a con- 
out of the orchard. In other districts 
where the freezing temperature comes with 
a strong north wind, less favorable results 
would lie secured by heaters, and a greater 
number would be required. 
As to amount of coal necessary to main¬ 
tain a temperature of 32 degrees, orchard- 
ists give widely varying reports, gauged no 
doubt from the atmospheric conditions and 
the longer or shorter period needed to main¬ 
tain the heat. .T. .T. Silva, foreman of the 
J’aeonia orchards, reports t hat the first 
night lie used 17 tons of coal for 1,525 
jiots burning three hours. The second night, 
lie used 43 tons of coal for the same num¬ 
ber of pots burning seven hours. He used 
coal pots at the rate of 40 per acre. This 
would show that*on a cold night with seven 
hours tiring 1 he amount of coal consumed 
would he about, one ton per acre. Coal is 
very abundant on the western slope of 
Colorado, and is usually worth $1.50 to 
$2.50 per ton at 1 lie mines. In many dis¬ 
tricts it can be had within team-lniuling 
distance. 
on. Heaters. —Oil in Colorado at the re¬ 
finery is worth 3% cents per gallon in tank 
curs. A tank car holds 0,000 gallons, and 
Is regarded as a suitable quantity for an 
orchard of 10 acres. The oil lias a tire test 
of 295 degrees, gravity of 31-31*4. A stor¬ 
age tank suitable for 0,000 gallons of oil 
will cost about $240, a wagon tank for use 
in transporting the oil from the ear to the 
storage cistern and again from the cistern 
to the pots would cost about $50. Whether 
the orchardist should use oil or coal de¬ 
pends largely on (lie cost of coal and tlie 
comparative cost of oil. The manufactur¬ 
ers of oil heaters claim that heating witli 
oil is more convenient. Orcliardists who 
have used coal express their preference for 
tlie use of coal, it costing less to prepare 
for the use of coal than for tlie use of oil. 
Other orcliardists have secured beneficial 
results by saving tlie branches pruned from 
tlie trees, the utilization of stable litter, 
damp straw and tlie preparation beforehand 
of a considerable number of brush piles, 
formed of slowly combustible material. In 
Idaho and in Washington, good results have 
been secured by the judicious use of this 
crude material. K. f. STEPHENS. 
Nebraska. 
siderable portion of the orchards were 
thus protected. At Fruita. Colo., .1. C. Wil¬ 
son reported he used 40 heaters per acre ; 
others used as high as 00, 70 or 80 heaters 
per acre. Mr. Wilson, at 10.30 in the 
evening of the dangerous night, lighted 
every other pot ; by midnight he had raised 
the temperature five degrees, and then 
started all of (lie pots. Three dangerous 
nights were reported. For the protection 
of 11 acres of orchard, Mr. Wilson used $23 
worth of coal. It should he borne in mind, 
however, that, with him, coal is only $1.75 
per ton. In considering the cost of what 
Style of heater to use, much depends on 
the nearness to the coal bank. Where coal 
can he purchased at $1.50 to $2.50 per ton. 
many firms seem to favor tlie use of coal. 
When tlie coal banks are more distant, coal 
more expensive, many favor the use of tlie 
oil heaters, feeling that it is easier to fill 
the oil pots and to replenish the fuel than 
to maintain the requisite degree of heat 
by tlie use of coal baskets or pots. Oh the 
other hand, the use of oil requires storage 
tanks and wagons suited to (lie hauling of 
oil,; special facilities to he prepared for the 
use of oil heaters. In Hie use of the heater, 
it is regarded as quite important that ample 
preparation should be made beforehand, so 
that whenever tlie critical night comes, 
everything is in complete readiness for in¬ 
stant and effective work. Dependence is 
placed, not alone on tlie actual heat pro¬ 
duced by tlie combustion of the oil or coal, 
hut partly on tlie pall of smoke which, when 
all the I venters are at work, is so dense 
throughout tlie orchards as in many eases 
to obscure the light of the fires. A very 
dense pall of smoke hanging over tlie or¬ 
chard lessens the radiation or loss of heat, 
lessens tin 1 loss of earth heat, lessens the 
loss of heat produced by combustion of oil 
or coal, and ibis pall of smoke hanging over 
the orchard until two hours or more after 
tlie sun rises, prevents the warm rays of 
(lie morning sun from shining on the fruit 
or bloom, and in that way is of marked 
use in preventing harm from cold waves. 
Kffort is made to maintain a temperature 
not below 30 degrees, a higher temperature 
preferred if possible. If is considered pos¬ 
sible, by 'judicious and careful use of 40 to 
Mi boating |H>ts, to raise the temperature 
< n cold nights six, seven or eight degrees. 
A larger number of puts would develop a 
higher temperature. The number of pots 
to lie used per acre depends on tlie size 
of the pot and the amount of coal or oil 
consumed therein. Some firms prefer a 
TRAVELING 
For thoBO who have from 300 ft. to 1^ miles to no for 
thoir mail. Easily placed on telephone polos or 2 x 4’s ] 
fastened to fence posts. The 
OAKWOOD MAIL CARRIER 
Made entirely of metal. Ball-bearing pulleys. Sold | 
on thirty days’ trial. Write for book “(Jotting the Mail. 
Oakwood Mfg. Go. 47 Btanton Ave. 8prlngfield, Ohio. 1 
WANTED AT ONCE. 
A few more responsible farmers to sell and use 
our Pure Animal Bono Fertilizers which are leading 
all others as crop producers and enrichers of tlie 
soil. Manufactured from by-products of our own 
seven abattoirs and stockyards, they are every 
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fertilizer. No cheap filler or make-weight used in 
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0. B. MARTIN CO., 713 Penn Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. 
EXCELSiOR 
Patented LIGHT RUNNING 
Hand GUL Tl VA TOR 
Ituns 50 pir rent cailp rand works 
1(10 iht ri-nt Setter than any other 
hand cultivator. Has new design 
reversible Ium-k with patented ndjiiht- 
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hand weeding required between 
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which describes complete line of 
single and double-wheelCultivators, 
Excelsior Seeders,Bone-cutters.ete. 
Write to-day. 
Excelsior Garden Tool Co. 
imo Cherry St., Erie, Pa. 
Agents Wanted Ererywhere. 
The FARMERS’ GARDEN 
A Seed Drill and Wheel lloo ts in¬ 
dispensable—not only in a village 
garden but on lurgoHt farms. 
Farmers should grow all manner 
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Btutr. Great labor-sav¬ 
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as well as the 
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for free 
book. 
Tho 
most 
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made 
BATEMAN MFG. CO.. Box 102-G GRENLOCH, N. J. 
Get the 
Benefit of 
Big Prices in 
the early market 
The secret of success in 
market gardening is earliness. 
The Sunlight Double Glass Sash 
makes it easy to have the earliest 
and best plants. They will be 
ready as soon as the field is ready 
to receive them. The resulting 
crops will get the top-notch 
prices. 
Sunlight Double Glass Sash 
lets in all the light all the time. 
Mats and boards for covering are 
no longer needed saving expense 
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Throughout the entire day the 
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crops result. 
The two layers of glass do 
the work. A Ms-inch cushion 
of dry air between acts as a trans¬ 
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and protects them even in zero 
weather. 
Hot-beds 
anu viold-frames 
Agents Wanted. The wonderful 
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makes it one of the best agency prop¬ 
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Write today for information. 
Get our new catalog on hot-bed 
sash. Prepaid freight offer. Safe de¬ 
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The Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co. 
924 E. Broadway, 
Louisville, Kentucky 
The greatest time-savers and labor- 
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two million farmers and gardeners have found this out by actual use. You 
afford to be without a Planet Jr. 
No. 17 Planet Jr Single-WheelHoe is a most handy and effective 
tool for garden cultivation. A fine tool for working close to crops. 
New No. 81 Planet Jr Horee-Hoe, Cultivator and Fur- 
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hilling crops up to 4 feet apart. Compact, 
strong, and steady-running. Get 
the Planet Jr 66-page catalogue for 
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- ^^ S L Alien & Co Box 1107-Vphilada Pa 
am 
m. 
00 
AN HOUR 
^Koenoh" agents make this and more. “Keonoh*V 
i is tho great razor sharpener, the only one! 
that will hone or strop. L. A. FUnkcrJ 
makes $50.00 to $150.00 a week soiling it I 
| Write today. KEBNOH CO. 201 Keenoh Bl. Detroit, Ml> h | 
tpCC-^How Fruit Crops Are Saved From 
IICC Frost In Bloom ini' Time.” 58,000 used 
last year, saving millions of dollars worth of fruit. 
Write to-day. THE II)EAL ORCHARD HEATER 
COMPANY* Grand Junction, Colorado. 
Why Take Chances on 
Losing' Your Crop ? 
The 
TROUTMAN 
ORCHARD 
HEATER 
will protect you from any 
frost or freeze cheaply and 
economically. The draft, 
or oxygen supply is per¬ 
fect. For full information 
and prices address 
THE ROUND CREST 
ORCHARD HEATER CO. 
Canon City, Colo 
S AW your own 
wood 
and save ’’•‘-Ss’ 
time, coal and \ 
money; or saw t 
your neighbors 
wood and 
MAKE 
$5 TO SI5 
A DAY 
Hundreds are doing it with an Appleton Wood Saw, 
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Appleton Mfg. Co. rLAui! 
iW Make Most Money For Farmers that experienced operators 
WW are not necesssary. Any one can set up and run an American mill witli the drawings 
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■ Variable Friction Feed. Improved Giant Duplex Steel Dogs. Combined Ratchet Setworks 
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1 
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Lath Machines Shingle Machines 
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American Saw Mill Machinery Company 
129 HOPE ST., HACKETTSTOWN, N. 
1682 Terminal LuildiutfS, New York 
