1910 . 
T PI >-C RURAL NEW-YORKER 
130 ’ 
Ruralisms 
BUTTERNUTS. 
C. C. •/., Pom]ret, Vt .—We have a wild 
nut here In Vermont which, it seems to me, 
should be set out extensively in localities 
where it will do well. I refer to the butter¬ 
nut or White ^walnut. Butternuts are in 
my opinion the finest flavored of any nuts. 
The meats are sold at retail in this vicinity 
for 75 cents per pound. It is true that the 
shells are thick and hard to crack, but this 
could probably be largely overcome in time 
by careful selection. I am thinking of 
starting a few trees the coming Spring. 
Would you advise starting trees from seed, 
or going iuto the woods and digging wild 
trees? I am thinking of planting a few 
trees In a young apple orchard and giving 
the same treatment as the young apple 
trees; that is, to mulch the trees. Of course 
if the butternut trees were set out close 
together, say 12 feet apart, on cheap land, 
of which there is plenty in this vicinity, 
they would if they lived make a good in¬ 
vestment in time for the lumber they would 
produce, without regard to the value of the 
nuts they would bear. I noted a recent ar¬ 
ticle on grafting English walnuts ou Black 
walnut stocks. Would it be possible to 
graft English walnuts on butternut stocks? 
If so do you think they would do well in 
this vicinity where the mercury sometimes 
goes to 40 degrees below zero. 
Ans. —The butternut is of splendid 
quality and is a most desirable nut ex¬ 
cept that the shell is so thick. This, 
however, as C. C. J. mentions, may be 
improved by selection, although it will 
take a great many years to make much 
progress in this direction. If those who 
have opportunity to gather butternuts 
would examine the product of each tree 
carefully they would doubtless find some 
thin-shelled and very desirable strains. 
These could be propagated by grafting, 
and would perhaps be improved by cul¬ 
tivation. It is entirely practical to dig 
up young trees in the woods and trans¬ 
plant them. The seedlings are easily 
grown if the nuts are handled like wal¬ 
nuts. I believe the trees could be set 
six feet apart each way and after a few 
years about one-half of them could be 
thinned out. Cheap lands could be util¬ 
ized for growing nuts for timber as well 
as for nuts in this way, but I believe 
the same land would be more profitable 
if set with Black walnuts. Any care, 
such as cultivating or mulching, would 
be of great benefit to the trees. 
I believe the Persian walnut will suc¬ 
ceed on butternut, but so far as I know 
the butternut has not been used much 
for this purpose. The Black walnut 
on the other hand is being used suc¬ 
cessfully for this purpose, and I should 
be inclined to use the Black walnut if it 
is native to that portion of Vermont 
where your correspondent lives, provided 
a variety of English walnut hardy enough 
to stand 40 degrees below zero can be 
found. It is likely that there are seed¬ 
ling Persian walnuts on Long Island 
which would stand this low temperature, 
but I do not know of any named variety 
unless perhaps it is the Pomeroy or 
Rush. I think it would be desirable for 
your correspondent to purchase north¬ 
ern-grown seed of Persian walnuts and 
grow •seedlings, giving them protection 
for the first two or three years and 
after that let nature thin out those not 
hardy enough to stand the climate. In 
this way it may be possible to secure 
some good, hardy seedlings. 
. c. P. CLOSE. 
Maryland State Horticulturist. 
A Barren Cherry Tree. 
A. J. E., Say Harbor, N. 1’.—I have a 
cherry tree in a ditch on a lot which I 
purchased quite recently. The neighbors 
claim that it: used to hear abundantly, hut 
for the last four years it yielded just about 
one quart of fruit for each year. It blos¬ 
soms plentifully every Spring, hut hears no 
fruit. The tree is about 14 inches in diam¬ 
eter, and seems to be in healthy condition. 
Is there anything I can do to get the tree 
to bear? It bears a large black cherry. 
Ans. —What may be the matter with 
this cherry tree is a puzzle to me as 
well as to the owner. It may be that 
it never did bear well, and the report 
of its bearing well in days gone by is 
all a mistake. Possibly it needs pol¬ 
lination by some other variety, and that 
it once had this from, a tree that is now 
dead. Try pollinating with a branch 
from another tree in bloom at the same 
time the tree is in bloom. Tic it in 
the tree and let it remain until the 
blossoms all fade away. Try branches 
from several other varieties placed in 
different parts of the tree and make 
notes of each, being very careful to keep 
the record very accurately as to the 
varieties used. If the tree will not bear 
after such care as is suggested, then 
graft it to a better variety. 
“Bark Bursting” on Fruit Trees. 
A. 8.. TAfionicr, hut .—Recently this part 
of the country was visited by :i heavy sleet 
and also by a raw cold wind coming from 
tlic East. The sleet remained upon the east 
side of trunk, limbs, etc., for five or six 
days before il melted away, and al no time 
during tliis icy coat did the thermometer 
go below 5 degrees below zero. A few days 
ago I noticed on tile west side of two of 
my plum trees that the bark was cracked 
vertically for a distance of two feet along 
the trunk. A few days afterwards I again 
noticed the trees, and found that tile crack 
had opened a half inch and had extended 
into tiie trunk. The orchard was heavily 
manured in October and November, and 
regularly cultivated last Summer. Can you 
give me the cause? Had the sleet anything 
to do with Ibis? Will not the clinging sleet 
seriously affect: the fruit buds of next seas- 
son's crop when l he buds are forward in 
their development? 
Ans. —The injury described is what is 
called “bark-bursting” and is the result of 
the sudden and severe cold. It comes 
from the shrinking of the tissues rather 
than by the expansion that is ignorantly 
supposed to occur in the trees during 
very cold weather. Cold air is hungry 
for moisture, and when a sudden cold 
spell comes on. as has lately been the 
case, the sap and general moisture with¬ 
in every living tiling is drawn upon 
very heavily. The bark of green twigs 
shrivels from the loss by evaporation of 
the internal water, and when the cold 
is very intense and of long duration the 
wood shrinks, and sometimes the forest 
trees crack from splits that occur until 
the reports are heard for long distances. 
Those who have lived in cold regions 
know how the trees “pop” during very 
cold weather. I have seen the bodies of 
fruit trees split several inches deep, and 
have heard of a few cases so bad that 
one could see clear through, from one 
side to the other. This is from shrink¬ 
age, not expansion. In the case under 
consideration the sleet was a decided 
protection and prevented evaporation 
where it stuck fast, but on the west side 
of the trees where there was no such 
protection the evaporation was active, 
and the shrinkage caused the separation 
of the bark and wood, and even the 
wood to split. The coating of the 
twigs with the sleet was a protection to 
them and the fruit buds on them rather 
than an injury. There is an old saying 
that “a big sleet means a big fruit crop” 
and it comes from the fact just stated. 
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“ Bordeaux Pulp 
“ Bordeaux-Lead mixture 
Lime-Sulphur Solution 
Sulphur 
Pruning shears, knives, etc., etc. 
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H. L. HURST MFG. COMPANY* 
• 283 North S«.. Canton, Ohio, t j 
Al Potato Sprayor 
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BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box 102 S GRENLOCH 
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28 Jay St., Rochester, N. Y. 
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND 
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SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE. 
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Terms j—I n bbl. lots (50 uni.) 80c. per jgiil. 
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^-Death to San Jose Scale^ 
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SCALIME 
Stands at the head of Lime and Sulphur solutions Re¬ 
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CHESTER COUNTY CHEMICAL CO., 
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INTELLIGENT SPRAYING 
The Rural New-Yorker slated editorially, Sept. 19th, 1908:—"The Rural Grounds now appear to be free from 
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“SCALECIDE” 
alone did more in three years than Lime-Sulphur and other dopes did in nine. Are you still in the Lime-Sulphur ranks? 
I’lUCES In barrels and half barrels, 50c. per gallon; 10 gallon cans, SG.OO; 5 gallon cans, S3.25; I gallon cans, SI .00. 
8md for Hook-let, "Orchard Insurance." 
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Middletown, Conn. 
