THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
163 
1910. 
LOSS OF HEAT; WASTED FUEL. 
Some of the daily papers are fond of 
telling how wasteful farmers are. To 
hear them talk one would think the 
railroads and manufacturers have re¬ 
duced losses to the vanishing point. 
The U. S. Geological Survey has been 
investigating the loss of heat in the coal 
burned in the 51,000 locomotives on 
American railroads. The following re¬ 
sults are figured out for one year: 
Tons. 
Consumed in starting fires, in 
moving the locomotive to its 
train, in backing trains into or 
out of sidings, in making good 
safety-valve and leakage loss¬ 
es. and in keeping the locomo¬ 
tive hot while standing (esti¬ 
mated). 18,000,000 
Utilized, that is, represented by 
heat trr nsmitted to water to 
be vapo.'ized. 41,040,000 
Required to evaporate moisture 
contained by the coal. 3,600,000 
Lost through incomplete combus¬ 
tion of gases. 720,000 
Lost through heat of gases dis¬ 
charged from stack. 10,080,000 
Lost through cinders and sparks 8,640,000 
Lost through unconsumed fuel in 
the ash. 2,880,000 
Lost through radiation, leakage 
of steam and water, etc. 5,040.000 
90,000,000 
It seems that these locomotives use 
one-fifth of all the coal mined in this 
country. It costs them $170,500,000. 
We see from the above table how much 
of this is lost. It appears to be de¬ 
monstrated that a large part of this 
loss could be saved by changes in the 
locomotives. 
SOME EXPERIENCE IN SOWING,SEED FOR 
MEADOW. 
During the past few years there has 
been considerable advice given to farm¬ 
ers to sow their seed for meadow on 
land without any nurse crop after the 
soil has been well prepared. /This 
method has been tested by me here in 
Virginia as well as some others, and I 
must say I cannot recommend the plan. 
“An ounce of experience is worth a 
pound of advice.” Of course, there is 
much difference in soils and climate, all 
of which must be considered if the best 
results are to be obtained. However, 
my results seem so positive that I want 
to give a word of caution and call 
for the experience of others in setting 
meadow land. 
Five years ago I prepared five acres 
of fairly rich clay loam soil early in 
August. After frequent harrowings the 
land was in fine shape first of September, 
when Meadow fescue (Randall grass), 
Timothy and Alfalfa seed were sown, 
and a light harrow run over the soil 
afterward. The seed soon came up well, 
and I felt proud of my work. During 
the Winter at least half the grass and 
Alfalfa froze. At hay time such weeds 
as sheep sorrel, ragweed and wild car¬ 
rot constituted about half the crop I 
mowed. The next season the land was 
so overrun with weeds that I decided to 
plow the ground up. Three years ago 
I tried the same experiment on eight 
acres of good clay loam meadow soil. 
The seed sown was Meadow fescue and 
Red clover. The ground was seeded 
heavily on the 10 th of September. The 
seed came up to a fine stand, and my 
anticipations were raised high again. 
The young clover nearly all froze out, 
and also about one-half the young grass. 
That which remained on the ground was 
so weakened that the crop of hay was 
extremely light. At hay time large 
areas in the field were red with sheep 
sorrel, indicating the land might have 
been much benefited by a good applica¬ 
tion of lime. Last year the hay crop 
was better than the first crop, but weeds 
are making heavy growth. Now these 
fields w r ere seeded at considerable ex¬ 
pense to me. Good crops of hay had 
been grown on the land previously, and 
my loss in hay has been considerable. 
What caused both failures? In the 
first place the land was so level and 
smooth that the snow blew off and the 
young tender grass plants were left ex¬ 
posed to the cold, biting winds. The thin 
stand of grass and the fine preparation 
of soil gave excellent conditions for 
weed growth. On my wheat land where 
the drill was run east and west snow 
never blows off the ground entirely. 
Grass seed falls in the furrows, where 
it germinates with the wheat. The 
wheat plants help to hold the snow in 
the furrows when severe cold north 
winds blow. Weed growth is held down 
by the wheat in the Spring, and, of 
course, the grass is held back some too, 
especially if the wheat is thick on the 
ground. When the wheat is cut the 
grass soon makes good growth and gets 
ahead of nearly all weeds except the 
ragweed, which can be mowed down 
with a machine. I have a fine stand of 
Timothy and Red-top on meadow land 
now going through the Winter in good 
shape. The field is between the other 
two just mentioned, so that the soil is 
very similar. I shall be greatly disap¬ 
pointed if I do not get a good meadow 
from this later sowing. I have obtained 
excellent stands of Timothy in this 
way before, and therefore I have good 
reasons to expect it this time. Then 
again, a good wheat crop coming on at 
the same time is certainly quite an item 
when wheat is so high. r. h. price. 
Virginia. 
CREAM WITH BAD FLAVOR. 
I have a cow, grade Jersey, 10 years old, 
that freshened September 1; in good con¬ 
dition and health, good feeder; gives 35 
pounds of milk per day, but the milk does 
not make good butter. The cream will get 
a bad odor and taste, a rancid, rank ill 
flavor (old flavor). Do not say it is lack 
of cleanliness; we are very particular with 
the utensils to keep them clean and sweet. 
Wo use a small separator, keep the cream 
cool and sweet (not frozen), till we get 
enough for churning; then set in a warm 
room 24 hours to get acid and ripen before 
churning; add one quart sweet milk to 
cream. It then takes about one hour in a 
barrel churn to get butter, which is hard 
and firm. We churn once in four days. The 
milk after, cream is removed does not get 
rancid, but keeps its flavor for days. The 
cow is fed liberally with linseed meal, Ajax 
flakes and corumeal mixed wet with dish 
water, boiling water, etc., each feed being 
prepared 12 hours before feeding, and all 
the early cut sweet mixed hay she will eat 
up clean; given water twice a day from 
well. H. B. 
Jamestown, N. Y. 
If the milk after the cream is removed 
does not get rancid but keeps its flavor 
for days it would seem to indicate that 
the trouble lay in the management of 
the cream after separation. If, as H. R. 
says, the utensils are kept clean, scalded 
with boiling water and dried with heat 
and not with a wiping cloth, I can see 
nothing wrong in care of the cream ex¬ 
cept that he may 'add each new batch to 
the old before it is thoroughly cooled. 
This might warm up the old cream each 
time to a temperature at which injurious 
fermentations could take place. Cool 
the new cream to 50 degrees at least be¬ 
fore mixing with the old. Then hold the 
cream at this temperature or below, and 
it should keep a long time. 
E. S. BRIGHAM. 
Stevens’ Live Stock Markers 
“Practically Out of Sight, but There When 
Wanted.” Kor cattle, horses, swine, sheep, dogs, 
poultry, pigeons or any form of livestock. May 
be put on any animal the hour of its birth. No 
sores, painless, absolutely permanent, always 
legible though inconspicuous. Herd book number 
of every owner on small space. Secret marks or 
monograms on any part of the body. No cutting 
or metal tags. Full particulars on application. 
LIVE STOCK MARKEK CO., 
Box 99, Geneva, N. Y. 
Are stamped with any name or address with serial 
numbers. They are simple, practical and a distinct 
and reliable mark. Samples free. Agents wanted. 
C.H. DANA, 74 .Main St..West Lebanon, N.II. 
PULVERIZER 
Clod Crusher and holler. For Dry Farming. 
Send for circulars, THE PETERSON MFG. CO.. Kent, 0. 
A Cement 
Brick Wall 
will stand as long as 
one of solid 
rock. 
Cement Brick 
can be used for 
every purpose 
that clay brick 
or stone can be used 
for — and for many 
purposes where they 
can not be used at all. It is easily made with 
inexpensive home made moulds on your place 
by your regular farm help, and generally costs less than clay brick. 
EDISON 
PORTLAND 
CEMENT 
mixed with coarse sand—about four parts sand to one of cement—makes a 
brick that won’t crumble under the heaviest pressures. 
When faced with neat cement—in the mould—this brick is practically 
waterproof. Edison Portland Cement is 
UNIFORMLY 10% FINEST GROUND IN THE WORLD 
runs sharp into corners of the mould and makes a smooth, square 
cornered brick. In making concrete it binds more sand, gravel or 
broken stone than any other cement, weight for weight. 
Practical farmers everywhere profit by reading 
“ How to Mix and Use Concrete on the Farm.” 
“ Silos and How to Build Them.” “New England Homes.” 
You will learn many interesting- facts from them. Let -us send them 
to you. FREE OF CHARGE. 
EDISON PORTLAND CEMENT CO. 
No. 921 St. James Building, New York 
Days 
Trial 
PLOW THE EASY WAY—— 
USE A WINNER PLOWJTRUCK 
Don’t touch the handles, walk on the even ground and turn a 
smoother, straighter furrow. Holds plow steady in stoniest 
ound. A light boy or woman can do the work easily. 
3 DaysoWork In 2 Days 
and all the drudgery avoided. As good on side hill as 
on flat land plow Saves the plow points and carries the 
plow anywhere. No use for wagon or stone boat. 
Try It 10 Days at My Risk. Write for descriptive 
matter and full particulars. Agents wanted. 
L. R. LEWIS. Mfgr., Box 12, Cortland, M. Y. 
32 YEARS OF SUCCESS 
Size No .2 3 
Get \ 
Our 
Book 
Free 
HHIilBi MKgBj 
ROLLER-BEARINGwfl 
LIGHT DRAFT 
The only spreader with a 32-year record of good work. Simplicity, Durability 
and Light Draft always foremost. Direct Chain Drive. No Cog Gears. The 
choice of men who investigate thoroughly. Wood or metal wheels. A generation 
of experience back of every Success. The leader from the first. Exclusive features 
all patented. Catalog of facts Free. Write us promptly. 
Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co. 
The Climax of \“ 
Manure-Spreader Value— ' 
$00.50 Freight Paid 
Value boosted—price dropped—on 
spreader that has led them all in 
quality for 17 years—that’s your opportunity this season. We jump years 
ahead again, with 19 improved features—all found on no other spreader 
made. Yet, with increased facilities and the largest output in the business 
we slash prices while increasing values. Others have always imitated - 
the old famous “American” as closely as they dare—even imitated tile name * 
of our machines—that’s why we now call it "Detroit-American.” But don’t 
be blinded by claims—get the books and compare. Note our offers— 
30 Days’ Trial—Cash or Credit 
Get our proposition before you buy—see why others are getting excited, making 
extravagant promises and harping on price, with little to say about construction. 
But do they even beat these prices witli their makeshifts? We deliver to you. 
freight prepaid, in Michigan, $83.50; in Indiana or Ohio, $85.00; in Illinois, $86.50; 
in Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota or Missouri, $90.00; and these figures are for a 
spreader that is better than any one thought a spreader could be—the improved- 
Detroit-Am 
Made in all sizes. More steel used than in 
any other spreader; cylinder all steel; steel 
rake and end gate; simplest feed —6 changes 
made from seat; the only direct chain drive 
—no gears; lightest in draft—all together 
19 special features. 
Free Books—'The best published on value of man¬ 
ure; how to spread, etc., ond how to buy at tho rlgh8 
prices on the right terms. Shows and prices the 
original Tongueless Disc and the finest lino of 
Cultivators too. bend coupon or postal today. 
AMERICAN HARROW CO. 
1643 Hastings Street Detroit. Mich. 
