1910. 
189 
MANURIAL VALUE OF BURNT GRAIN. 
D. F. Covington, Va .—A large mill 
burnt down, and there is a quantity of wet 
oats, corn, bran and wheat. Some of it is 
slightly charred, and it has some charcoal 
in it. It is going through a fermentation, 
and a large amount of ammonia rises from 
it. Is it of any value as a fertilizer? We 
have to haul it two miles, and what could 
we afford to pay for a good two-horse load? 
Would it be worth hauling if we could get 
it for nothing? 
Ans. —You can do some figuring from 
the following table. This shows the 
pounds of plant food in a ton each of 
dry grains: 
Nitrogen. Plios. Acid. Potash. 
, ... 41 
... 32 
Wheat bran. . . . 
. ... 45 
13 
9 
16 
11 
12 
7 
55 
•28 
These figures represent the dry grain, 
which would be worth about $6 a ton 
as fertilizer. The heat of the fire drives 
off nitrogen, and so does the fermenta¬ 
tion. The water adds to the bulk and, 
of course, to that extent reduces the 
proportion of plant food. You will 
have to make a fair estimate from these 
facts as to how much plant food has 
been lost. If we could get such a 
chance we would jump at it. If badly 
burned and wet we would mix this stuff 
with the manure or spread directly on 
the grass. In our own case we should 
spread it in an apple orchard and let 
the pigs work it over. 
PREPARING SOD FOR ONIONS. 
F. .1. C., No. Kingsville, Ohio .—How 
would you fit a piece of ground for onions 
next Spring that was in grass last year? I 
cut one crop ; as soon as I got it cut, I put 
one ton of burnt lime to the acre, waited 
till it rained so it would soak in the ground, 
then put on 16 loads of manure to the acre. 
The manure was from box stalls, and acid 
phosphate sprinkled on every few days and 
the ground plowed late last Fall. IIow am 
I going to fit this ground this Spring so the 
Timothy and clover roots will not bother 
when I drill my onions, and when I wish to 
cultivate? If I put a drag on this piece 
the roots will he right where they will 
bother. 
Ans. —In raising onions from seed it 
requires an abundance of rich well-rotted 
manure, clean land and early sowing, 
and I am inclined to believe it is the 
part of economy" to grow them on the 
same soil for successive years. That 
this method entails a waste of manure 
is highly probable, but it is not an easy 
matter to get ordinary farm land proper¬ 
ly prepared for growing onions. It 
needs to be clean and flee from 
stones and rubbish of all kinds, and 
when once it is in good condition it is 
better to continue it in onions by mak¬ 
ing it a permanent bed. Here in cen¬ 
tral New Jersey we can sometimes har¬ 
vest the crop sufficiently early to enable 
us to seed the land to Crimson clover 
and plow it down in early Winter with 
a heavy application of well-rotted man¬ 
ure. This method usually gives the 
best returns when the soil is thorough¬ 
ly plowed late in the Fall. I believe 
it best not to replow in early Spring, 
as practiced by some onion growers. 
A long experience has convinced me 
that the onion when grown from seed 
does not require deep culivation. The 
soil should be made rich and mellow on 
the top, while the under surface should 
be rather hard and firm, a condition ac¬ 
quired by Fall plowing. This prevents 
air spaces, and cavities below the sur¬ 
face. This is very important. Over 
such hollow places as these the seeds do 
not germinate with a healthy growth, 
and the young seedlings die out or 
gradually waste away. I would there¬ 
fore advise F. A. C. not to plow his 
ground in the Spring; this would bring 
the manure and stubble to the surface 
where it is not wanted. I think he will 
attain the best results by a free and 
liberal application of commercial fer¬ 
tilizer rich in nitrogen and potash. This 
should be broadcast at the rate of 800 
or 1,000 pounds to the acre, and a seed 
bed carefully prepared at a depth of 
two to three inches. This is easily 
accomplished by harrowing the ground 
several times, or until the soil on the 
surface is thoroughly fine and pulver- 
TH EC RURAL NEW-YORKER 
ized, then smooth the surface with a 
leveling board, and we are ready for 
the seed, which should be sown in 
rows 12 or 14 inches apart. When the 
young seedlings are large enough they 
should be thinned to a stand from one 
to two inches. A side-dressing of 
nitrate of soda or Peruvian guano, not¬ 
withstanding the comparatively high 
price of these commercial manures, will 
greatly advance the crop by stimulating 
the growth of the young plants and 
favoring the formation of fibrous roots. 
T. M. WHITE. 
EXPERIENCE WITH PLUMS. 
The past season confirms all my previous 
experience with Japanese plums for this lo¬ 
cality, and I suspect this is the way with 
them over a wide range of territory. Our 
Experiment Station people at Wooster say 
they cannot be depended on for a crop more 
than once in seven or eight years. My 
trees have cumbered the ground eight or 
nine years, and I have had only a few speci¬ 
mens. and of some 80 trees over half have 
died or become so weakened that I pulled 
them out. These trees have been sold by 
the indiscriminate recommendation of nur¬ 
serymen to farmers all over. One reason. 
I suppose, is that they make nice-looking 
trees, and are easily grown ; but of those 
planted from eight to 12 years, I believe 
that fully three-fourths are dead under con¬ 
ditions that obtain on average farms, where 
trees are more or less neglected. When con¬ 
ditions are such that we do happen to have 
a crop of these plums, then we can rest 
assured of a bountiful crop of every other 
variety of plums, so that one fails to ap¬ 
preciate the long-looked for periodical crop 
of these. 
It is in years like the past, when, as 
with us, plums are much of a failure, that 
some regular bearers would be appreciated. 
With this end in view, I got from Mr. Kerr, 
of Maryland, about live years ago, about 
100 trees of native plums, and most of 
these bore a crop the past season when 
we had no others. Those of the Wayland 
group were a sight worth going some dis¬ 
tance to see, with the branches bending 
down with their burden of beautiful fruit, 
and without having received any care, or 
any effort made to lessen the ravages of 
curculio, while with the other Japanese 
and European varieties we tried in vain to 
save them from curculio and rot. Of these 
natives, wo thought much of Benson, which 
comes just ahead of Moreman, and both 
are followed by Wayland, which comes late 
and can be kept quite a while, and when 
very ripe is delicious to eat out of hand, 
though I think Benson is a little the best 
of the three. I think every farmer should 
have a few trees of these varieties, but I 
do not know where any trees can be bought, 
as Mr. Kerr Is out of the business, and I 
have not a single catalogue in which they 
are offered, though about every one parades 
these (to us) worthless Japanese, even those 
catalogues that should go primarily to farm¬ 
ers and planters here in Ohio and else¬ 
where, that the Japs are equally unsatis¬ 
factory and disappointing. 
Wayne Co.. O. c. weckesser. 
Sawdust in Manure. 
Does sawdust hurt horse manure as a 
fertilizer? The sawdust is used as bedding 
for the horses, and mixed with the manure. 
Iron Mountain, Mich. j. j. e. 
We have explained several limes that 
fresh sawdust contains an acid which, when 
used heavily may injure soils which are de¬ 
ficient in lime. The liquids of manure are 
alkaline and will neutralize the sawdust if 
well soaked into it. The chemical action in 
the manure pile is also alkaline, so that 
sawdust used for Redding and well mixed 
with the manure is safe to use on the soil. 
Tke Miller's Share. —On page 28, a 
miller says he is fortunate if he gets 25 
cents per 100 pounds of buckwheat flour 
for his share. 
Millers in this section pay $1 to $1.15 
per hundred for buckwheat and sell me (a 
retailer) the flour for $2.75 per hundred, 
and I retail it and have all the Fall at $3, 
making a profit of 25 cents per hundred, 
which looks as if the “miller” gets his 
share. If this miller can figure out $1 per 
hundred pounds as my profit he is good at 
figures. j. a. b. 
Tioga Co., N. Y. 
Peas and Clover in Orchard. — I have 
10 acres of apple and peach trees two years 
old this Spring, on clay loam and wish to 
sow peas and clover in it for hog pasture, 
as I have quite a big lot of hogs and wish 
to feed them cheaply and at the same time 
want to help the orchard best I can. My 
plan was to sow one bushel of peas and four 
quarts of Alsike clover to the acre but do 
not know what kind of peas to sow. 
Lambertville, N. J. j. n. w. 
Canada field peas will make a fair early 
pasture for hogs. You will have to ring the 
hogs or they will ruin the clover. We have 
pastured hogs in a high-headed apple or¬ 
chard, but should not care to put them in a 
low-headed peach orchard. 
yoi?r*own Compressed Air 
Spraying' Outfit 
You can make it at home with material purchased in 
the open market, Our 40-page Instruction Catalog 
Tells you how to do it 
Tells you where to g'et every part 
Tells what each part costs 
Tells you how to operate 
Catalog shows everypart.and the completed outfit. 
It gives formulas and instructions for mixing and 
applying more than twenty different kinds of spray¬ 
ing mixtures, and also a full and complete spray 
calendar as compiled and approved by the Ohio 
State Experiment Station for 190!). Up-to-date plans 
for central or mixing stations for Bordeaux and 
lime-sulphur. Our plan has stood the test of ten 
years service. It is in use by the largest peach grow¬ 
ers in the world. Its capacity is unlimited. Suit¬ 
able for orchard of ten acres or 1000. It works per¬ 
fectly on steep hill sides, or soft ground where no 
other power sprayer can be used. 
Catalog Giving Full Information, Postpaid $3.00 
PIERCE-LOOP SPRAYER CO., North Eait, Pa. 
1910 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS 
J ubv vv rjru, we nave une two plunger 
spray pump you have been looking for connected to 
our 1 hi and 3 H. P. air-cooled engine. Right years of 
success. If you do not know us, ask any of the thou¬ 
sand users. Satisfied customers are our reference. 
Outfits fully guaranteed. Write for catalogue 19. 
R. H. DEYO & CO,, Binghamton,N.Y. 
HURST SPRAYER 
!■ FREE TRIAL 
f fto money In advance—pay us out of extra 1 
pro lit. Spray n anythin*— trees, potatoes, vine¬ 
yards, truck, etc. Pushes easy—high pressure. 
Guaranteed 5 years. Pay when you can— at 
wholesale price. We pay freight. “ 
Catalog and Spraying Guide free. 
Free Sprayer Offer 
to ftr• t in 
your locality. 
H. L. HURST 
Mfg. Co.oor 
2B1 NORTH STREET, 
_CAHT0H, 0. 
AS POTATO SPRAYER “ AS ORCHARD SPRAYER 
SPRAY 
FRUITS AND 
„ FIELD CROPS 
f anfI do whitewashing In most effectual, economical, 
Satisfaction guaranteed if you uio 
H RO W a ’3 
Auto-Sprayj 
■HAND OR 
J POWER m _ . 
■ No. 1, shown hero. Is flttoil with Auto-Pop Nczzlc- 
I doss work of 8 ordinary sprayers. Endorsed by E 
Jprrtment Stztiona and 3» >,U0-l others, d'l strlo 
■sizes and pries in our FREE HOOK—also yaluab 
■ spraying guide. Writ* postal now. 
THE E. C. BROWN COMPAN' 
28 Jay St., Rochester, N. I 
“KANT-KLOG” Spraying 
SPRAYERS Guide Free 
Something New 
Gets twice the results —; 
with same laborand fluid. — ' 
Flat or round, lino or coarse sprays 
from sume nozzle. Ten styles. For 
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing, 
etc. Agents Wanted. Booklet Free. 
Rochester Spray Pump Co. R %h«?* *£ y. 
Wallace Sprayers. 
For Orchard, Vineyard, Field and Garden. Every¬ 
thing from HandPumps to Engine Power Sprayers. 
Write for our 1910 Catalog and Special Prices. 
AGENTS WANTED. 
AMERICAN SPRAYER CO. 
Minneapolis, - Minn 
IT PAYS TO SPRAY 
The Iron Arc 4-row Sprayer gives 
perfect satisfaction. Puts solution « 
just where needed and in fog-like ’ 
mist. Pump delivers spray under; 
high pressure, thus reaching every 
part of vine, effectuallykilling bugs 
and preventing blight. Has , 
Orchard Spraying attach.-^ 
ment. Write for free 
catalog illustrat¬ 
ing this and 
other Iron 
Age tools. 
Iron Age 
Pour-Row 
BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box 102-S GRENLOCH, N. J. 
The Best Spray Pump 
Sprays the tallest fruit trees from the ground. 
Not too heavy for low bushes. Sprays quick¬ 
est and best. Does the work In half the time 
and does it thoroughly. Always ready. Used 
with bucket, barrel or tank. Lasts a lifetime. 
No leathers to dry up, wear out, or make 
trouble. 
Standard Spray Pump 
Warranted for 5 Years. Price $4.00. 
It will not cost you a cent to try it. Our 
special offer gives complete details. Write 
for it today and we will also send our illus¬ 
trated circular showing how this pump pa vs 
for itself many times over the first season. 
1 The Standard Stamping Co. 
94 Main Street Marysville, O. 
POTATOES PAY 
Make them pay by using the machines that 
really do the work— 
CUT, PLANT, 
SPRAY, 
DIG and 
SORT 
There’s nothing In 
potato machinery 
up to 
ASPINWALL EQUIPMENT 
Write for copy of our free book telling how 
to make money, growing potatoes. 
ASPINWALL MFG. CO. 
Sabin St., Jackson, Mich.,U.S.A. 
Pioneer Makers of Potato Machinery 
Kill San Jose Scale 
You need not lose your fruit crop this season. Spray 
your orchard early with a strong solution of 
Good’s “Tirr 1 Soap No. 3 
It will positively destroy scale, apple scab, aphis, lice, 
bugs, worms, and all other insects and parasites which 
infest your trees, plants and shrubs, it contains no 
poisonous.or injurious ingredients ; no salt, sulphur or 
mineral oils. It fertilizes the soil and quickens growth 
Endorsed by the 
V. S. Department of Agriculture. 
50 lbs..$2.50 : too lbs.,$4.50; larger quantities proportionately lea 
Write for free booklet,"A Manualof Plant Diseases." 
JAMES GOOD, (Original Maker), 
945 N. Front St., Philadelphia. 
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND 
IS THE CHEAPEST AND BEST. IT HAS HO SUPERIOR. 
SURE CURE FOR SAM JOSE SCALE. 
Buy direct from the manufacturer and save n-.nney. Spray¬ 
ing Compound ready to mix with water. Ono gallon ofSpra\ iug 
Compound will make sixteeu gulionu of spray. 
Terms: —la bbl. lots (50 gal.) 80e. per gal. 
We would refer you to J. II. Hale tho Peach King, or Profl 
Jarvis of I ho Connecticut Agricultural College. They will tv. 
you there is nothing better. 
THE J. T. ROBERTSON CO.. Box R, MANCHESTER, CONN. 
“Equal to the Best and Better than the 
Rest.'’’ 
SCALIME 
Stands at the head Of Lime and Sulphur solutions Re¬ 
quires no boiling. Kills all scale. Write for circular. 
CHESTER COUNTY CHEMICAL CO., 
9 N. High Street, West Cheater, P.. 
THE- PERFECTION SPRAYER 
Sprays Anythin*. Trees by hand, potatoes by horse 
power. Oldest and best. Over 1000 in use. Always gives 
perfect satisfaction. Don’t buy till you get my catalog free 
THOMAS PEPPLER, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J. 
TO KILL 
San Jose Scale 
USE 
Bergenport Brand Sublimed 
Flowers of Sulphur 
The best form of sulphur for Lime Sulphur Wash. 
Combines easily and quickly with lime. Write to - 
BERGENPORT SULPHUR WORKS 
T. & S. C. White Co., <100 William St., N. Y. 
5 YEARS’ use has proven that SAN JOSE SCALE 
and all FUNGOUS diseases, controllable during the dormant season, are absolutely controlled 
by the use of 
“SCALECIDE” 
Off. 
There is but one—“PRATT’S” Trade Mark, Reg. U. S. Pat. wu . 
Prices: In barrels and half-barrels, 50c. per gallon; 10 gal. cans, $6.00; G gal, 
L®“; " ant c £ ea ? oils ' our “CARBOLEINE” at 30c. per | 
equal of ANYTHING ELSE, j Send for free Booklet, “Orchard Insurance/’ 
B« G. PRATT COMPANY, Mfg. Chemists. 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY 
cans, $3.25; 
gallon is the 
