THE RURAL NEWrYORKEH 
193 
1910. 
CONTROLLING THE BUD-MOTH OF 
APPLE TREES. 
II. G. R., So. Portland, Me .—Will you 
tell me what is the best way to exterminate 
the bud-moth in apple trees? Would Fall 
spraying be effective? 
Ans.—' The eggs of the bud-moth, 
which are laid mostly on the under-sides 
of the leaves in June and July, are 
flat, and so thin and transparent that 
they can scarcely be distinguished from 
the surface of the leaf. They resemble 
minute drops of water or fish scales, 
and if a leaf happens to be held at the 
right angle the light will be reflected 
from the surface of an egg and thus 
bring it into relief. The eggs hatch in 
io days or two weeks, and the young 
caterpillars live upon the leaves, eating 
the lower skin and middle tissue of the 
leaf. Within a few hours after its birth 
the caterpillar makes a tiny silken tube 
for a retreat when disturbed and when 
it is resting. The caterpillars live upon 
the apple leaves the remainder of the 
Summer, or until the latter part of 
August or first part of September. 
Then, however fine and warm the 
weather or green and edible the foliage 
may be, they desert the leaves and hide 
away in tiny silken cases fastened in 
crevices in the bark of the smaller twigs 
and branches, usually near a bud. Here 
they pass the Winter snugly and safely 
sheltered in their tiny houses, ready to 
come forth in the early Spring for 
their first meal on the opening buds. In 
April and May the partly grown cater¬ 
pillars crawl out of their hiding places 
and attack the swelling and opening leaf 
and flower buds. They are very destruc¬ 
tive. for they attack nearly every leaf 
in a bud, and as the leaves grow the 
caterpillars fasten them together with 
silk, thus forming a nest within which 
they live and grow, .feeding upon the 
tender foliage. • By the latter part of 
May many of the caterpillars have be¬ 
come full grown, and they now roll up 
a leaf, line it inside with silk and in 
this change to a pupa. In about io 
days the pupal skin splits open along 
the back, and the handsome little moths 
appear ready to lay their tiny eggs 
again in a few days, thus completing 
the interesting and novel life history 
of this well-known pest. 
The question is where, in all this 
curious life history, is the weak point 
at which the pest may best be fought. 
'i here are probably two vulnerable points 
of attack and we are certain there is 
one. This one is during the few days 
before and while the buds ‘are opening 
and growing. The caterpillars take this 
time to leave their cases, crawl to the 
buds and obtain their first few meals, 
i hen is the effective time to exterminate 
them by spraying the trees thoroughly, 
with arsenate of lead, three pounds to 
50 gallons of water, twice before the 
buds open and again once after the 
petals fall. We also believe, from our 
experiments with a related species with 
similar habits, that by 'spraying with the 
lime-sulphur solutions in Winter the 
immature larvae in their cases on the 
branches may be killed and the pest 
effectually controlled. However, this 
nas not been actually demonstrated, so 
far as I am aware. 
GLENN W. HERRICK. 
Do Arsenic Sprays Injure the Soil ? 
R- B. H., Beverly, Mass .—What would 
be 1,10 effect on the soil where the large 
I'ov.or sprayers are used and they use from 
49 to SO pounds of arsenate of lead per 
■tnv? The largest part of this falls on the 
ground at the time of spraying and the rest 
falls with the leaves. The State and U. S. 
Government are using hundreds of tons 
every year. They don’t use a spray but 
use a straight stream. 
Axs.—Your correspondent asks here a 
u, - v appropriate question, and one which 
should have an explicit and definite 
answer, but, 'so far as I know, there 
we been as yet no extensive critical 
1 - pci intents serving to show whether the 
a ^cumulation, through years of practice, 
of insecticides in the soil can come to 
have an injurious effect upon the pro¬ 
ductive power of the soil itself. The 
productive power of the soil is to so 
large an extent influenced by, and often 
directly dependent upon, the rapid mul¬ 
tiplication of microscopic organisms in 
the soil, that it would seem quite pos¬ 
sible that, through years of application of 
heavy treatments of crops with poison¬ 
ous insecticides and fungicides, the ac¬ 
cumulation might come to be such as 
to materially interfere with such essen¬ 
tial life in the soil. It might even inter¬ 
fere with the normal action of the roots 
of cultivated crops and so establish 
lower yields. The question is one of 
sufficient practical importance and one 
which can be readily and critically in¬ 
vestigated, so that it is a very appro¬ 
priate subject for thorough investigation 
by the experiment stations or the De¬ 
partment of Agriculture, f. ii. king. 
Strawberry Root-Worm. 
F. L. A., Ayer, Mass .—Can you give me 
any information in regard to the strawberry 
root-worm, how to control and get rid of it? 
Will it get busy in season to destroy next 
.season’s crop? Will it be safe to set plants 
from an infested bed, or from an adjoin¬ 
ing one, w.iich seems clear of the pests? 
Last season, after the berries had been 
picked, I mowed the bed close, raked it 
clean of leaves and mulching, plowed out 
the rows, fertilized, then raked it over, leav¬ 
ing it in fine condition. The plants soon 
came up, and all seemed to promise a 
better bed the second year than the first. 
After a while I noticed something was eat¬ 
ing the leaves badly in spots, especially the 
thin-leaved kinds. Splendid seemed their fa¬ 
vorite, while Marshall was untouched. The 
description of the work of the flea-beetle de¬ 
scribes it exactly. A neighbor had the same 
trouble, and found beetles instead of fleas, 
sent specimens to the station, which pro¬ 
nounced them the parents of the strawberry 
root-worm. Heavy spraying with arsenate 
of lead seemed to do no harm; thev worked 
quite late and in spots completely destroyed 
the plants, but did not appear in the newly 
set beds. These pests are new to us. and 
seem to have lit here, as no new plants 
have been set in my neighbor's beds for 
four years. Wo wish to set plants from 
these beds if it will be safe to do so. Can 
the plants be dipped in any solution to de¬ 
stroy any insects or eggs that might be on 
them? No one here seems to have heard of 
or known anything about the root-worm. 
Ans.— If the insect referred to in the 
enclosed letter is the strawberry root- 
worm, it can be controlled fairly well 
by spraying the plants in July and August 
with three or four pounds of arsenate 
of lead to 50 gallons of water. This will 
kill the beetles and reduce the number 
of root-worms for the following season. 
I do not think there would be any dan¬ 
ger in setting plants from an infested 
bed, although I think it would be safer 
to get them from beds in which there 
are no root-worms. At any rate, I 
should advise placing the new bed as 
far as possible from the old one. It 
seems to me that the practice of obtain¬ 
ing plants from clean beds and setting 
them at some distance from the infested 
beds, together with the use of the ar¬ 
senate of lead, should keep the plants 
comparatively free. 
GLENN W. HERRICIC. 
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Potatoes for Profit. 
In all parts of the country where po¬ 
tatoes are grown as a farm crop, the 
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This Country Home 
Has Splendid 
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This home is supplied with an abundance of 
water, available day and night the year ’round. 
The owner, J. W, Fiero of Cairo, N. Y., has this 
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Kewanee System 
of Water Supply 
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enjoying the comforts of city life. You have my 
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HIGGANUM, CONN. 
Original “Cutaway” 
