212 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 19, 
HOW TO HANDLE MANURE. ■ 
L. F. L., Brooklyn, Wis.—I would like to 
yet the ideas of some one on how to take 
care of my manure. I expect to have about 
:t0 head of stock next Winter and I cannot 
haul the manure in Winter as my land is 
quite rolling and I fear all the strength of 
the manure would wash off with the melting 
snow. How would it do to build what is 
called a “Derbyshire hay cover,” viz.: a 
wood or sheet-iron roof suspended on four 
posts, which can bo raised or lowered at 
will, then dig a pit three feet deep and ce¬ 
ment sides and bottom? IIow large would 
it have to be to take care of five months’ 
manure? I expect to use a manure carrier. 
Would the manure be likely to heat if I 
mixed horse and cow manure? Would you 
suggest keeping it separate at each end of 
heap? If it did heat would it decrease the 
fertilizing value? 
Ans.—I t is gratifying to see the in¬ 
terest taken in the preservation of 
manure. The method proposed ought to 
secure the end. There may, however, 
be a question as to the economy of such 
a plan. Think twice, and then some, be¬ 
fore you excavate three feet. Remem¬ 
ber it must all come out again. Gravity 
is a mighty force. It is wise to work 
in harmony with it all we can, but un¬ 
wise to work against it more than neces¬ 
sary. From 30 head of stock you 
ought to make one ton of manure per 
day. For five months storage you will 
need storage capacity for 150 tons. 
Mixed manure, with litter, compacted 
and saturated, to prevent heating, will 
weigh somewhere around 50 pounds per 
cubic foot. You may expect the 150 
tons, then, to occupy 600 cubic feet of 
space. I would mix the excrement from 
the various animals, compact as 
thoroughly as possible and keep damp 
to the point of saturation. Under these 
conditions there ought not to be excess¬ 
ive heating. Rapid fermentation—heat¬ 
ing—causes a loss of nitrogen. This 
may vary from a small per cent up to 
almost the entire nitrogen content ac¬ 
cording to conditions. Would you not 
secure the end sought in a good cov¬ 
ered barnyard at about the same outlay 
of money, and also secure the many ad¬ 
vantages of the covered barnyard? 
F. L. ALLEN. 
A PROPOSED POULTRY PARTNERSHIP. 
1. Ou what basis should two persons 
going into partnership to establish a poultry 
plant plan their profits? A provides farm 
of 20 acres, stock, capital and helps with 
work. B gives his practical experience and 
in managing farm does most of work. If B 
is paid a salary of ,$500 and his board and 
lodging the first year, and thereafter re¬ 
ceives one-third of net profits instead of 
salary, would you consider this a fair propo¬ 
sition to him? 2. Using the land of this 
20-acre farm to best advantage in raising 
feed, etc., for poultry, how many hens could 
be wintered on it? 3. Taking for granted 
that plant is run on an economical and 
business basis in raising utility stock and 
supplying city market with broilers, roast¬ 
ers, and guaranteed ’ fresh eggs, what an¬ 
nual net income could be realized from 
the amount of stock stated in question 2? 
4. What kind of material would you advise 
using for construction of good, warm, but 
not fancy houses, for this stock and approx¬ 
imately what would it cost? c. h. 
Bloomingburg, N. Y. 
1. If I were A, I should want to be 
sure that B knew his business in a 
practical way, and that A had made up 
his mind that he liked the poultry busi¬ 
ness. It is a business of infinite detail 
arid petty annoyance, and unless a man 
likes poultry he would better keep away 
from it as a commercial proposition. 
If A is satisfied on this point, his propo¬ 
sition is a fair one to both, but he will 
not be able to show any net profits at the 
end of the second year unless he invests 
several thousand dollars and starts the 
first Winter with 1,000 to 1,500 pullets 
housed. It takes all the normal profits 
from 300 pullets to pay B $500 and his 
board. 
2. If the land is sandy soil, self-drain¬ 
ing, 1,000 hens can be kept on each suit¬ 
able three acres, by having house face a 
little southeast, and making front and 
back yards. These can be alternately 
plowed and seeded from April until 
October, and the south yard green with 
rape and Crimson clover well grown 
when the pullets are turned in there in 
October, the north yard being then sown 
to rye. With “Burr” troughs or hopper 
feeding flocks of 1,000 to 2,000 do as 
well if not better than smaller flocks, 
and in this way one man can take care 
of 2,000 to 4.000 hens, reducing the 
labor cost. The rest of the farm can 
be used to grow feed for the hens, and 
utilizing the hen manure. Do not have 
any shade near laying houses except 
artificial shade, so that land can be 
thoroughly and easily plowed. 3. About 
$3.50 less interest and labor. 4. Per¬ 
sonally I prefer the “Burr” two-story 
house, but the house in the Maine Ex¬ 
periment Station bulletin can be built 
for about $4 per running foot. Write 
the Department of Agriculture for 
Farmer’s Bulletin No. 357, “Methods of 
Poultry Management at the Maine Ex¬ 
periment Station.” Get the “Corning 
Book” advertised in T he R. N.-Y., but 
do not trust their book keeping; by their 
own figures their profits are about $3.50 
per hen net. How they will come out 
in another year when their breeding stock 
will have suffered from two generations 
of forced feeding and close confinement 
is a question for them. Take a good 
poultry paper. Go slow on the start. 
The Burr and Maine houses can be built 
in sections as needed, and enlarged to 
fill future requirements. Don’t build 
any house before June or after August, 
or the dampness from the new lumber 
will cause roup. Keep your breeding 
stock in colony houses, and separate 
cockerels from hens. Do not breed 
from any pullets. Mate up your pens 
two cockerels to 20 hens (Leghorns) in 
February, and hatch your Winter layers 
in April and May. b. b. 
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