1910. 
THK RURAb NEW-YORKER 
am 
WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
Part II. 
Prof. Parrott spoke on “Recent Develop¬ 
ments in the Lime-Sulphur Sprays.” Lime- 
sulph ir is now acknowledged as a valuable 
addition to spraying materials. No spray 
has such a cleansing effect, and none has 
as wide a range of effectiveness against dis¬ 
eases and insects. Nevertheless it is not a 
cure-all, and too much is being claimed for 
it by manufacturers of concentrated com¬ 
mercial mixtures. There is a lot about sul¬ 
phur sprays that we know nothing about. 
There is a confusion of ideas regarding its 
use, especially during the growing season, 
and growers should be very careful until 
more definite knowledge, gained from actual 
use under different conditions, can be placed 
before them. While the commercial brands 
were very successful in controlling the blis¬ 
ter mite the past season the results on scale 
were variable. This was probably due in 
part to a lack of thoroughness and unfavor¬ 
able weather conditions, or it may have been 
used too weak, as there was considerable 
variation in the different brands, and even 
in the same brand, both in density and 
amount of sediment. Sediment is of little or 
no value in controlling the scale and though 
it may have some value as a fungicide it is a 
poor investment to buy mixtures with much 
sediment. Variation is one of the great 
drawbacks to these commercial mixtures. 
Prof. Parrott has prepared a table for the 
proper diluting of different strength con¬ 
centrated mixtures for San Jose scale and 
blister mite, which appears on page 10 of 
popular edition of Bulletins Nos. 319 and 
320, and anyone can procure a copy of this 
bulletin by applying to the New York State 
Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, 
N. Y. Every user of lime-sulphur should 
have a copy. For what insects will it pay 
to use these mixtures? San Jose scale and 
blister-mite. Its continued use will also 
clean up Oyster-shell bark-louse, Scurfy 
bark-louse and will greatly reduce Woolly 
aphis. It will help control plant lice, red 
mite and pear psylla, but will not control 
these. These should be given- a separate 
treatment with kerosene emulsion or whale- 
oil soap. Early spraying is a complete pre¬ 
ventive of the peach leaf curl. Much 
work is yet to be done to prove its value 
for diseases on trees in leaf. A solution of 
one gallon concentrated mixture to 30 gal¬ 
lons of water applied before blossoms 
open, and again after blossoms fall will 
control apple scab, still those who have 
worked with it successfully on this disease 
will not yet recommend it unconditionally. 
Dr. Van Sl.vke spoke on “Some Chemical 
Facts About the Lime-Sulphur Wash." lie 
said a hydrometer used to test the density 
of concentrated mixtures should be correct | 
within one-half degree and warned growers 
against the cheap instruments that vary as 
much as the cheap thermometers. The mix¬ 
ture should not be too cold or too warm to 
get an accurate reading, and a temperature 
of from 50 degrees to 70 degrees is all 
right. This test is of no use except in a 
clear solution. A solution clouded with 
sediment cannot be tested accurately. 
lie then told of the chemical changes 
that take place in the making of lime-sul¬ 
phur mixtures. These concentrated mixtures 
should always be protected from the air in 
tight receptacles or covered with oil. Home¬ 
made mixtures are not as strong as the best 
commercial mixtures ; containing when prop¬ 
erly made 21 per cent of soluble sulphur 
and giving a Beaume density of 29 degrees 
to 30 degrees. In making a homemade con¬ 
centrated lime-sulphur solution an excess of 
sulphur should be used to get a good mix¬ 
ture. In the old mixtures not nearly enough 
sulphur was used. Fse 125 pounds sulphur, 
00 to 02 pounds high-grade lime and 50 gal¬ 
lons water. Use a kettle of 70 or 75 gallons 
capacity as there will be much waste in boil¬ 
ing over in a smaller kettle. Slake the lime 
to a thin paste and add the sulphur; add 
enough water so that there will be 50 gal¬ 
lons after boiling, boil for one hour and 
stir thoroughly while cooking. If kettles 
are used for cooking about 10 to 15 gallons 
will have to be allowed for evaporation. If 
steam-cooked no extra water will be needed. 
Too long or too short boiling is detrimental. 
Care should be taken to obtain as pure a 
lime as possible. Do not add extra lime to 
the mixtures so that trees will show more 
plainly where covered, as this greatly re¬ 
duces the soluble sulphides. Though not 
fully worked out it is the present opinion 
that poisons can be safely added to the 
lime-sulphur washes. How does lime-sulphur 
act in killing the insects? Only the bugs 
know. There are several theories, one of 
which is that chemical action, after material 
is on the tree, sets free sulphur in very tine 
divisions, either smothering or poisoning 
the insects. 
“Some Phases of Pear Culture," by Ira 
Pease, Oswego, brought out some useful hints. 
He said mistakes were often more instructive 
than successes and ho would dwell on 
some _ of his mistakes rather than try to 
tell just how to do things right. One 
mistake was not his fault as 350 Bartletts 
set bore Sheldon pears and 350 Seckel 
cd to be Anjou and Flemish Beauty, 
n grafting over this orchard he has found 
the grafted trees more subject to blight. 
Buds should be selected from hearing trees. 
He has several distinct types of Bartletts, 
and has come to the conclusion that these 
variations are transmitted, and much can 
be gained by careful bud selection. These 
different types may be partly due to environ¬ 
ment. but lie believes they are mostly results 
of bud variation. He has one orchard that 
is a mixture of many varieties, and ad¬ 
vises growers that while mixed planting 
is desirable to aid in proper pollination it 
can be carried too far, and usually with a 
considerable labor cost in caring for trees 
and harvesting fruit. He sets four rows 
Bartlett, then four rows Seckel. and then 
repeats. He finds they fertilize equally 
well as in the mixed orchard. Don't set 
different fruits in the same orchard. If you 
want fillers set early bearing varieties of the 
same fruit. He has lost much of his fear 
of fire blight. As soon as the first signs 
of blight make their appearance they cut 
out the diseased wood, cutting back far 
enougl) 1° be sure they are in healthy tis¬ 
sue, and soak the wound with a one to 
one-thousand solution of corrosive sublimate. 
They have found a sponge the handiest 
thing to carry in tin* tree for this treat¬ 
ment. He expects to control by dropping 
all other work and giving full attention to 
the disease during bad blight weather. 
Bartlett and Clapp are most susceptible to 
blight. He manures Bartlett lightly, Seck¬ 
el heavily, cultivates from as early as 
ground is fit to work into July. 
Prof. L. C. Corbett. Horticulturist, U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, gave an illus¬ 
trated talk on ‘Truck Growing.” He advo¬ 
cated federal protection for shippers who 
consigned produce to commission men. He 
said : “One other line of improvement in our 
marketing system appeals to me very strong¬ 
ly. We shall probably always be dependent 
upon the commission men to handle highly 
perishable products such as small fruits, 
peaches and truck crops. Since the com¬ 
mission man handles commodities which 
represent an investment of labor and capi¬ 
tal. it has occurred to me that the com¬ 
mission business is in one respect like 
the banking business, in that we deposit 
with the commission man our produce which 
has an intrinsic value, just the same as we 
deposit with the bank our hard cash, which 
represents the results of our labor. Both 
represent wealth but the difference between 
the two systems is this; We deposit our 
farm crops with the commission man and 
say to him : Take this, do as you please 
with it and give me what you have a 
mind to. Our banks, however, have been 
hedged about by State and Federal laws, 
and are supervised by supposedly competent 
inspectors to see that the business is 
handled in an honest way to protect us 
from loss of our money. Let me ask, pray, 
if there is any difference between a com¬ 
modity which represents wealth such as 
farm produce and a commodity which repre¬ 
sents money which tin* United States Gov¬ 
ernment has put its stamp and seal upon and 
declared to be legal tender? Why should 
not. then, the commission business which 
deals in the product of labor the same as 
does the bank, be protected by State and 
Federal laws and be under competent in¬ 
spection the same as is the bank? Most 
commission merchants do an interstate busi¬ 
ness. and their operations could easily be 
handled under a provision of the Interstate 
Commerce Commission Act, or possibly also 
under the laws governing (lie banking system 
of the United States. Such a plan of super¬ 
vision would involve the establishment of a 
competent corps of inspectors in each State 
where the commission business is carried on, 
would necessitate the keeping of a uniform 
system of books by all engaged in the com¬ 
mission business, and should, in my judg¬ 
ment, require a bond from every one who 
is allowed to engage in the commission busi¬ 
ness, which shall be a guarantee of his 
Integrity when he is given permission to 
engage in the commission business.” Prof. 
Corbett then exhibited a tine collection of 
instructive lantern slides illustrating 
methods of growing, harvesting, packing, 
etc. of luck crops in different parts of the 
country. g. r .s. 
^ ‘‘For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and 
those who till it.”—Adv. 
THIS GENERATOR BRINGS 
GAS-LIGHT TO THE FARM 
Over 200,000 country homos are now beau¬ 
tifully lighted with their own gas generators. 
Thus their homeB are made bl ight and attrac¬ 
tive and they have the comfort and satisfac¬ 
tion which every one wants in the home. You 
want this Improvement, Header, because 
cheerfulhumesand goodlightgo hand in hand. 
NOTH HOW ECONOMICAL AND DESIRABLE 
Water and a gas-producing stone (called 
Calcium Carbide) are put int o the generator, 
which makes the gas automatically as needed. 
Only 14 cubic foot of the gas is used per hour 
for each 25 candle power light. So the cost is 
loss than the cost of lamps. 
The generator is an investment—not an 
expense—for unlike your city brother you get 
your light at actual cost. No lighting com¬ 
pany makes profltson you. 
GET ALL THE / /Cy rp. 
facts about ACETYLENE 
^ tu&x. 
Our 32 page illustrated booklet gives com¬ 
plete information on this improvement It 
covers all considerations. Gives letters from 
customers of which we have thousands. Gives 
our guarantee backed by capital and long 
experience. 
Here is the wholesome! healthful, safe, 
sight-saving light you have always wanted— 
at reasonable cost. Get our information sent 
free. Ask for Booklet No. 17. 
Address home office 
J. B. COLT CO. 23 Barclay St., N. Y. I 
The corn crop is the most valuable of crops and the saving of 
every ear means money in your pocket. 
The Johnston Corn Binder 
is very simply and durably constructed, which gives greatest 
ease in drawing and most convenience in operating. The Johns¬ 
ton Corn Binder enables the farmer to harvest his crop, not 
only easily and quickly, but with the greatest economy. 
EXCLUSIVE FEATURES ARE: An Automatic Gate which 
prevents the incoming corn from crowding while bundle is being 
tied. The pole placed between gearing and drive wheel gives 
perfect balance and direct draft. A large and powerful Main 
Drive-Wheel Good Iraction. Roller Bearings. Binder At¬ 
tachment gear driven. No packers to knock off corn. And 
the widest band adjustment of any machine—binds 32 in. from 
’ butts, or as low as 18 in. Can also bind above or below the 
ears. All levers convenient to driver. In fact— 
The Most Satisfactory Binder in Use 
Send today for special literature describing this profit¬ 
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line. 
NOT IN A TRUST OR COMBINE 
JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO. 
Box 100 C 
BATAVIA, - NEW YORK 
*v. 
m 
If Mil" fifZC 
THOROUGH CULTIVATION 
and preparation of the seed bed means bigger 
crops and more money for you. 
THE THOMPSON IN-THROW DISC HARROW 
« 
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itself in better crops the first season. 
SIZES 
8 to 16 Discs. 
DISCS 
16 to 20 in. 
Diameter. 
IT IS THE ONLY HARROW THAT CUTS 
ALL THE GROUND IT COVERS. 
Simple, strong, flexible, light draft. 
We also make the Out-Throw Disc Harrow, 
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Rollers, Low-Down Wagons. Bob Sleds, etc. 
For full information regarding our full line 
of farm tools, write 
EVAKTS MFQ. CO., Lock Box 7, HAMMOND, NEW YORK. 
Me of Soda 
Hop Growing is Now Very Profitable 
when the grower not only increases the yield but grades 
it up and gets best prices by fertilizing his crop with 
NITRATE OF SODA 
We want You to Prove this, Without Expense 
Lot us send you enough. Free of All Charge, for you to try 
on Hops. All we ask is that you use it according to direc¬ 
tions and let us know the result. To each of the twenty- 
five farmers who get the best results we will present a 
copy of Prof. Voorhees’ Valuable Book on Fertilizers, what 
they are made of and how to use them. Handsomely 
bound in cloth, 327 pages. Prof. Voorhees is an authority 
and his book is the best book on the subject. 
As this offer is limited, send a post card for Nitrate of 
boda at once. 
If you will mention the paper in which you see this adver¬ 
tisement. we will, as long as the edition lasts, send you 
Grass Growing for Profit.” another most useful book. Free. 
Send full name and complete address on post card. 
DR. WM. S. MYERS, Director Nitrate Propaganda 
John Street and 71 Nassau, New York 
win——mi—I 
Shipped in 100 lb. bags in powder form. 
Ready to Apply to the Land, or will keep till you are ready. 
If you want to know about LIMING the LAND, send for our 
new free pamphlet.—Special booklet for tobacco growers. 
ROCKLAND-ROCKPORT LIME CO. 
BOSTON, 24 Milk Street ROCKLAND, ME. NEW YORK, Fifth Ave. Building 
If your dealer does not cfli’ry K-B, LAMP LIME in stock, write to our nearest office. 
