THE RUR-A-I^ NEW-YORKER 
March 5. 
CONCENTRATED LIME SULPHUR. 
Prof. J. P. Stewart of the Pennsyl¬ 
vania Experiment Station gives the 
following directions for making the con¬ 
centrated lime and sulphur mixture. 
It is believed by many of our best au¬ 
thorities that this, with modificaions or 
additions to suit the particular needs of 
the case, is to prove a substitute for 
Bordeaux Mixture. 
In the making of a storable lime-sul¬ 
phur at home, we must first get the 
formula right. This is accomplished by 
using one pound of good lime, two 
pounds of sulphur, and one gallon or a 
little more of water, boiling it all down 
so as to have about one gallon of total 
product at the close. Ibis 1 : 2:1 formula 
can be made up in any quantity, merely 
noting that the pounds of lime and the 
gallons of final product are the same in 
number, while the pounds of sulphur are 
just twice as many. The kind of sul¬ 
phur may be either flour, flowers, or 
“powdered commercial” at least 96j4 
per cent. pure. The last named is prob¬ 
ably most desirable, with the flour next, 
on account of cheapness and the some¬ 
what lessened tendency to form pellets 
in the process of mixing. 
The utensils needed are a cooker, 
measuring stick, strainer and hydro¬ 
meter. Their total cost need not exceed 
$15. The cooker may be of either iron 
or wood, and use either bottom heat 
or steam. If steam is uSed it is pre¬ 
ferable for accurate work that it be in 
closed coils, rather than live steam, at 
least in the latter stages of the process. 
This is merely because it is desirable 
into a barrel or settling tank. The 
straining is merely a safeguard to pre¬ 
vent possible clogging due to imperfect 
materials or failure to break lumps in 
the sulphur. When properly made, the 
amount of sediment left in the strainer 
is insignificant. To avoid any consid¬ 
erable loss of materials, it may be 
washed with part of the water used in 
making the next lot, simply pouring the 
water through the strainer into the ket¬ 
tle, and any lumps of sulphur discovered 
may be broken up and used again. 
The Preservation of Lime-Sulphur. 
—If properly handled, lime-sulphur 
preparations apparently can be preserved 
indefinitely. Ordinary changes in tem¬ 
perature have little, effect on them. But 
they are very sensitive to a number of' 
other influences. Continued exposure 
to air, for example, results in the de¬ 
velopment of a crust of solids of vary¬ 
ing thickness. This is prevented by cut¬ 
ting off the exposure to air, either by 
an oil covering or by immediate storage 
in tight-closed vessels, filling them com¬ 
pletely. When the crust does develop 
it can be skimmed off with a fine screen 
and readily redissolved by heating either 
in water or in the concentrate itself. 
R. N.-Y.—In regard to the proper 
strength of this for spraying Prof. 
Steward advises the use of a hydro¬ 
meter. This is an instrument for test¬ 
ing the specific gravity of a liquid—that 
is, its weight as compared with an equal 
weight of water. Naturally the more 
of the lime and sulphur there is in the 
liquid the more its weight will vary. 
By using the hydrometer and figuring 
out the strength we want we can pour 
water into our tank or barrel and then 
add the concentrated lime and sulphur 
until the hydrometer shows the proper 
sign. 
that the final volume be under control 
and be decreasing rather than increas¬ 
ing. Steam-jacketed kettles with me¬ 
chanical agitators "are available, and 
they work very nicely indeed. But 
where storage is not considered and 
lower densities are permissible, there is 
no objection to making the material 
with the use of live steam throughout. 
Details of Preparation.— In making 
50 gallons of concentrate the procedure 
follows: Materials: 50 pounds best stone 
lime (not over 10 per cent, impurities), 
100 pounds sulphur (kind stated above) ; 
50-55 gallons of total product at finish. 
Put 10 gallons of water in kettle and 
start fire. Place lime in kettle. After 
slaking is well started, add the dry sul¬ 
phur and mix thoroughly, adding enough 
water to maintain a thin paste, which 
requires about five gallons. After the 
slaking and mixing are completed, add 
water to the height of 50 gallons on 
the measuring stick and bring to boil 
and stir until the sulphury scum practi¬ 
cally disappears. Then add water ( pre¬ 
ferably, but not necessarily, hot) to the 
60-gallon height and boil again to 50 
gallons, if storage space is limited. If it 
is not limited, a little more water may 
be added the third time and boiling 
stopped at about 55 gallons. The mate¬ 
rial should be kept well stirred, espe¬ 
cially during the early stages of the 
process, and any lumps of sulphur or 
lime should be thoroughly broken up. 
The time of boiling should be until 
the sulphur granules are evidently dis¬ 
solved. This fact is best determined by 
dipping and slowdy pouring some of the 
material, under close observation. In 
many cases we have obtained as com¬ 
plete dissolving of the sulphur in less 
than forty minutes of actual boiling as 
was obtained by any time up to two and 
one-half hours. In general a period 
of 40 to 60 minutes of actual boiling 
should be safe and sufficient to put the 
sulphur into solution. But the amount 
of sulphites and sulphates and there¬ 
fore the sediment, are undoubtedly in¬ 
creased by unduly prolonged boiling. 
Hence the amount of water added in the 
third addition should be so regulated 
as to permit the necessary boiling and 
just reach the desired volume at the 
close. This gives the least sediment and 
the regulation can be easily accomplished 
after a few trials. The finished product 
Aspmwali 
■naehines are designed for greatest effi¬ 
ciency, economy, speed. Sprays fonr rows 
at once. Handles the heaviest mixtures. 
Relief Valve controls pressure. Fruit Tree 
attachment furnished. Also broadcast Attach¬ 
ment for spraying weeds. ____ 
Our illustrated Booklet MAILED FREE. 
Write for it. 
aspinwall MFG. CO. 
437 Sabin Straet, - Jackson, Mich, U. S. A. 
your ak own Compressed Air 
Spraying Outfit 
You can make it at home with material purchased in 
the open market. Our 40-page instruction Catalog 
Tells you how to do it 
Tells you where to get every part 
Tells what each part costs 
Tells you how to operate 
Catalog shows every part, and the completed outfit. 
It gives formulas and instructions for mixing and 
applying more than twenty different kinds of spray¬ 
ing mixtures, and also a full and complete spray 
calendar as compiled and approved by the Ohio 
State Experiment Station for 1909. Up-to-date plans 
for central or mixing stations for Bordeaux and 
lime-sulphur. Our plan has stood the test ol ten 
years’ service. It is in use by the largest peach grow¬ 
ers in the world. Its capacity is unlimited. Suit¬ 
able for orchard of 10 acres or 1.000. It works per¬ 
fectly on steep hill sides soft ground where no 
other power sprayer can be used. 
Catalog Giving Full Information, postpaid, $2.00 
PIERCE-LOOP SPRAYER CO.. North East, Pa. 
Send postal and see how larger and 
Better Fruit, 
Larger and 
Better Vegetables and 
Freedom from Insects 
are secured by using 
Bowker’s 
Pyrox 
It kills all leaf-eating in¬ 
sects, caterpillars, etc., pre¬ 
vents unsightly blemishes; 
al so improves color of apples, 
pears, peaches, etc., It in¬ 
creases yield of potatoes and 
vegetables. Enough to make 
50 gals, solution $ 1 . 75 . Book¬ 
let free. No experiment. 
Introduced 1 S 9 S. 
Ur'fcll/lf CD Insecticide Co., 
DU YY IvLlV Boston, Mass. 
Also Specialties for Scale Insects, 
etc Bring all your outdoor “Bug” 
troubles to us. 
may be immediately poured or strained 
Mr. Fruit Grower, ^oktog ve fo b r ee “ 
Two Plunger Vertical Power Spray Pump 
We have it with our 1910 outfit 
E 
N 
G 
I 
N 
E 
AND 
P 
u 
M 
P 
THE... 
EIGHT 
YEARS OF 
SUCCESS 
ASK THE .USER 
ORIGINAL DEYO 
POWER SPRAY OUTFIT 
Write 
For 
Catalog 
“ 19” 
R. H. OEYO & CO. 
BINGHAMTON, N. Y• 
VREELAND’S “ELECTRO” 
ARSENATE OF LEAD 
for three successive years has analyzed higher than any other 
brand at Experiment Stations, wherever investigated. Let us mail 
you the bulletins and see for yourself. Send your address to-day. 
We will also be glad to quote you on 
“Electro” Arsenate of Lead- powdered 
“ Bordeaux Pulp 
“ Bordeaux-Lead mixture 
Lime-Sulphur Solution 
Sulphur 
Pruning shears, knives. 
Spray pumps, etc., etc. 
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL COriPANY 
Hudson Terminal Building 
50 CHURCH STREET, NEW YORK 
Factory : LITTLE FALLS, NEW JERSEY 
TO KILT 
San Jose Scale 
USE 
Bergenport Brand Sublimed 
Flowers of Sulphur 
The best form of sulphur for Lime Sulphur Wash, 
Combines easily and quickly with lime. Write to 
BERGENPORT SULPHUR 'WORKS 
T. & S. C. White Co., 100 William St., N. Y 
White Fly—San Jose Scale 
and all other insects, parasites and fungi yield 
to the spray of _ _ _ 
Good’s c w£l e “ Soap No. 3 
Protects trees, plants, vegetables, fruits and 
flowers; enriches the soil. No salt, sulphur or 
mineral oils. Endorsed by U. S. Department of 
Agriculture SO lbs., $2.50; 100 lbs., $4.all. Larger 
quantities proportionately less. Booklet free. 
James Good, Original Maker, S45N. FrontSt., Philadelphia 
JARVIS SPRAYING COMPOUND 
IS THE CHEAPEST AHD BEST. IT HAS NO SUPERIOR. 
SURE CURE FOR SAN JOSE SCALE. 
Buy direct from the manufacturer and save money Spray¬ 
ing Compound ready to mix with water. One gallon of Spraying 
Compound will make sixteen gallons of spray 
Terms : — In bbl. lots (50 gnl.) 80c. per gut. 
We would refer you to J. II. Hale the Peach King, or Prof. 
Jarvis of the Connecticut Agricultural College They will tell 
you tliere is nothing better 
THE J. T. ROBERTSON CO., Box R. MANCHESTER, CONN. 
Equal to the Best and Better than the 
Rest." _ 
SCALIME 
Stands at the head of Lime and Sulphur solutions Re¬ 
quires no boiling. Kills all scale. Write for circular. 
CHESTER COUNTY CHEMICAL CO., 
9 N. High Street, West Chester, Pa: 
“I HAVE SO LITTLE FUNGUS 
that 1 cannot afford to mark ray fruit with Bordeaux," says Mr. Geo. T. Powell of Ghent, N. Y., a grower cf fancy 
apples 1 have less scale and finer foliage than ever before." BEAbON : Five years consecutive use of 
“ SCALECIDE ” 
cheaper, more effective and easier to apply than Lime-Sulphnr. Send for Booklet, Oichord Insurance. 
nninrc , In barrels and half barrels, 50c. per gallon ; 10 gallon 
I niULu i cans, SB.00 ; 5 gallon cans, S3.25; 1 gallon cans, SI.00. 
If you want cheap oils, our “ CARBOLEINE ” at 30c. per gallon is the equal ck any tiling <?l*e. 
B. G. PRATT CO., MFG. CHEMISTS, 50 CHURCH ST„ KJEW YORK CITY. 
