1910. 
209 
Get the BEST Sprayer 
Don’t waste your time and risk 
your profits by experimenting with 
ineffective, uncertain spraying out¬ 
fits. You can save time, econo¬ 
mize material and be sure of good 
results by using a Goulds. 
Fruit Growers who know will 
tell you that for ease of operation, 
durability of construction and effec¬ 
tive spraying, none quite equal 
Goulds Reliable Sprayers 
We manufacture over twenty-five different 
6tyle9 for both hand and power use and which 
are adapted to suit every sprayinc requirement. 
Every one ia reliable and made to withstand 
lone, bard service and to resist the chemical 
action of aprayine compounds. 
,, ^ery genuine Goulds Sprayer has the name 
Goulds cast on it. Look for it. don’t take 
cheap substitutes. If you have anytbine to 
spray be sure to write for our book. 
“How To Spray— 
When To Spray— 
What Sprayer To Uae.” ' 
It is full of interesting informa¬ 
tion and contains many valuable 
form ulas for spray mixtures. Copy 
sent free on request. 
The GOULDS MFG. CO. 
1 W. Fall Street 
Seneca Falla, N.Y. 
tCt build Pumpt /or —df/' 
every service. ,<•' 
Pumps.from S3 
to S3 00 
1 
-"it 
m 
r 
k 
Q 
A SUBSTITUTE 
For Bordeaux Mixture 
10-gal. keg making 1,500 gals. Spray ; delivered at 
any It. H. station in the United States 1 o r # 1 a.50. 
Prompt shipments. Write to duy for full information. 
b. a pratt co., M ¥ h “. f *t;r* 
SO CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY 
■RIDE’S SAN JOSE SCALE 
and Insect Destroyer 
F 1 
the greatest remedy ever discovered against 
San Jose Scale. It not only kills scale but 
cleanses the trees and vines. One pound can 
will make 25 gallons solution. To get best 
results, spray early in spring or late in fall. 
I rice, 50c. lb. Testimonials and circular furnished 
on application. Patent protected. 
Room 165, 1001 Chestnut Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Save Money on 
Berry Boxesand 
Baskets 
Fruit ami Vege¬ 
table Packages 
and Growers* Supplies of nil kinds, f 
Write for free money-saving catalogue 
Hint price-list. 
hnrgeht Factory of its Kind in the Country 
HEW ALBANY BOX AND BASKET CO., Box 111. New Albany, Inii. 
Would Vz More Water 
' im .rZp , SS Interest You? 
It is accomplished with the Double-Acting 
“American” 
Deep Well Pump 
It delivers full cylinder 
capacity both on the Down- 
stroke and the Up -stroke. 
It requires at no time more 
power than the up-stroke of 
a single-acting cylinder of 
the same displacement. 
Send for the most com¬ 
plete deep well catalogue 
overissued. No. 110 just off 
the press, mailed free. 
THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS, 
General Office and Works, 
Aurora, 111., I'. 8. A. 
Chicago Office, - - First National Bank Building. 
THE RURAI> 
THE OPERATION OF SPRAYING. 
I he Oijtfit. —The subject of spraying, 
if fully discussed in all its ramifications 
would require a large book. Hence, in 
a brief article it is practicable to treat 
only of some specific portion of the 
general theme. At this time the topic 
will be "how to do it” in orchard work. 
At the outset it may be remarked that a 
good and suitable outfit is necessary in 
order to secure satisfactory results. A 
description of spraying apparatus is out¬ 
side the province of this paper, but some 
essentials may be mentioned. These in¬ 
clude sufficient power to produce steady 
pressure of from 80 to' 150 pounds; 
thorough agitation in the barrel or tank- 
strong durable hose (usually 3/ s inch), 
extension rods 8 to 10 feet long (of 
bamboo aluminum lined arc lightest and 
best), quick and certain cut-offs and a 
supply of nozzles suited to the work to 
be done. Straight nozzles are often de¬ 
sirable, but the larger share of spraying 
can be done better with nozzles at an 
angle of 45 degrees. For the nozzles 
there should be disks with coarse and 
fine holes so as to throw either a heavy 
or light spray as circumstances may re¬ 
quire. When trees are dormant and 
leafless the coarser disks may be used, 
since the heavier spray will more quickly 
wet the tree. Also coarse spray will 
carry farther in a wind, and this is often 
an advantage in early Spring. If the 
trees are in leaf then a fine: mist or 
“fog” is preferable. To produce this 
effectively high pressure of from 100 to 
150 pounds should be behind the disks. 
Concerning agitation, I may remark here 
that, in case of a power sprayer, if the 
discharge pipe from the’relief valve is 
carried not only into the tank but down¬ 
ward to near the bottom with an elbow 
at the lower end, pointing forward, the 
overflow surging through the mixture at 
high pressure will greatly assist in the 
agitation. I have not seen this device 
applied to any power sprayer on the 
market, but I give this suggestion for 
the benefit of the craft. 
Method of Application.— Assuming 
that the fruit grower is properly equip¬ 
ped with apparatus and material and 
ready to apply the spray, the next ques¬ 
tion is “how to do it,” If the day is 
calm, spraying can he done in any direc¬ 
tion most convenient. If the wind is 
light, spray so that the wind blows 
nearly as possible across, or at right 
angles to, the rows to be treated. By so 
doing and working from windward the 
trees are easily and wholly covered when 
sprayed on opposite sides. Parenthetic¬ 
ally, it should be noted that it is impos¬ 
sible to spray a tree of any size effec¬ 
tively and completely from one side only. 
In a brisk wind the same rule applies 
except that only one side of the trees 
is sprayed, and then watch opportunity 
and with a changed wind spray the op¬ 
posite side. By this method the spray 
will not fall on men or animals, but will 
be blown through the trees. By the 
exercise of a little thought and foresight 
the wind can be made a serviceable ally 
in spraying. It is quite essential that 
every part of the tree, trunk, branches, 
twigs and leaves (if tree is in foliage) 
should be covered with the solution or 
mixture. 
Handling the Nozzle.— The extension 
rod, or more properly, tube, is held in 
both hands, one hand at the wheel to 
operate the cut-off, the other at such 
distance above as will best afford easy 
and quick handling. Here dexterity and 
expertness are valuable in saving both 
time and material. The cut-off should 
be opened and closed in a way to pre¬ 
vent waste, and celerity in using the rod 
.avoids excessive application of material 
in spots. There is a knack in manipulat¬ 
ing the extension rod to the best advant¬ 
age which is learned only by experience. 
When trees are small, the accomplished 
sprayman will appear simply to wave his 
rod like a magician’s wand and do the 
tree as it were by a twist of the wrist, 
and in a few seconds of time. But the 
novice would better go slower until the 
knack is acquired. Thorough work is 
the main thing. 
Cover the Tree.— In putting on the 
spray begin at the ground and spray the 
trunk. On small trees enough will 
usually be applied by passing the nozzle 
once up in line with the body—not too 
close; a little experience will teach the 
proper distance. 1 hen follow the main 
branches out and up to the tips. Turn 
the nozzle a little in toward the centre, 
down and up again, and so on until every 
part of that side is wet. When working 
on the opposite side of the tree repeat 
the operation. The foregoing refers to 
trees without foliage. When in leaf, the 
nozzle should be inserted among the 
branches, twisted and turned out and In 
and up and down, so that both upper and 
under sides of all the twigs and leaves 
are reached. Enough has been applied 
when every particle of surface is wet. 
(Continued on page 270) 
NEW-YORKER 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ABOUT 
Thomas Phosphate Powder 
1— WHAT DOES IT CONTAIN? 
Thomas Phosphate Powder Is Guaranteed To Contain: 
: Per Cent. p er Q, n( 
Total Phosphoric Acid............. 17.00 to 19.00 Lime. 35.00 to 50.00 
^Available Phosphoric Acid.. 15.00 to 16.00 Magnesia. ^5.00 to ^6.00 
Insoluble Phosphoric Acid.. 2.00 to 3.00 Manganese...LOOto'pOO 
*(By Wagner's Method, as used at. the Experiment Sf/itiou at ianiistadt, Germany, ami at the Massachusetts Experiment 
station uf. Aniheist, Mass. 
2— IS THE PHOSPHORIC ACID AVAILABLE? 
The Phosphoric Acid In Thomas Phosphate Powder Is 
Extremely Available. 
The Massachusetts Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 100 of the Ohio Experiment 
in Bulletin No. 127, page 16, reports the following Station says : "Experiments at this station indicate 
average result on nine different samples of . aP h ° ric f < u of , basi ^ sla « » practically 
THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER: pho^hate.” ^ aVa, ' ab ' e phoSph ° rlC ^ ° f ac ‘ d 
Total Phosphoric Acid. 17 73# U r - U. J. Wheeler in Bulletin No. 114 of 
’Available Phosphoric Add. 15.484 
agiiei s Method. efficient phosphatic manure. 
3— IS THE LIME EFFECTIVE? y es j 
Prof. Alva Agee of the Penna. Agricultural College Says “The Basic Slag contains 
Effective Lime. Basic Slag tends to sweeten sour land, and to keep sweet soils sweet 
It favors clover. We must have clover, and where clover is failing, Basic Slag, at pre¬ 
vailing prices, is the best fertilizer I know.” 
4— WHAT CROPS DOES IT BENEFIT MOST AND WHO USES IT? 
Clover anil Alfalfa—Vied by Mr. Joseph Peaches— User! by A, T. Repp, Vice-Pres 
Mahon, Long Island, (60 Acres Alfalfa). N. J. State Horticultural Society: used by 
Fruits and Nursery Slock —Used by Barnes L E ’ Priest, y> N. J.; used by Monroe Morse, 
Bros., Conn. Mass. 
Apples (especially)—Used by S. H. Wad- Gr 3ss—Used George I. Stowe, Mass., 
liams, Pres. Western N. Y. Apple Growers and 4 tons of timothy hay per acre). 
Association; used by G. A. Drew, Conn., who Corn-Used by Lester R. Maynard, Mass., 
took nine first prizes , lwo second prizes and four (] st pr i ze Worcester East Fair). 
third prizes with Apples raised on 1 hornas 
Phosphate Powder, at the New England Apple Beets —Used by H. A. Cook & Son, Mass. 
Show, October 18-24, 1909. _ 
_ . . ^ _ „ Oranges and Grape Fruit —Used by J. A. 
Cabbages Used by Wm. C. Geraty, S. C. Bottler, Paradise Groves, Fla. 
Says Bulletin 68 of the Maryland Experiment Station ( pages 28 and 29 ) : “ SLAG PHOSPHATE pro- 
duced A GREATER YIELD and at LESS COST than the average of the soluble phosphoric acid plots and 
bone meal plots. This test included THREE CORN CROPS, ONE WHEAT CROP and ONE 
GRASS CROP, 
THE PRICE IS LOW 
Mr. Monroe Morse says : The cheapest way to supply lime to the soil is to use BASIC SLAG 
(THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER),as a source of phosphoric acid for the fertilizers. SLAG 
(THOMAS PHOSPHATE POWDER) carries from 30 to 50 per cent, of lime, and the value of the 
phosphoric acid it carries will cover its whole cost. 
The Coe-Mortimer Company 
SPECIAL IMPORTERS 
Manufacturers of E. Frank Coe Fertilizers and Peruvian Brands 
24-26 Stone Street, New York City 
(We also distribute from Boston, Mass.; Belfast, Maine; Baltimore, Md,; Wilmington, N. C.; 
Savannah, Ga.: and Charleston, S. C.) 
OUR NEW TRADE-MARK BE SURE it is on every bag of 
Fertilizer you buy, as it marks 
the genuine 
Hubbard “Bone Base” Fertilizer 
Our large new Factory, equipped with 
the latest improved machinery, will enable 
us to fill all orders promptly in 1910. 
We guarantee the Fertilizers we put 
out next season to be fully up to the high 
standard of the past. With good goods, 
honest prices and quick shipments, we know we can please you. 
WE WANT A GOOD AGENT IN EVERY TOWN IN NEW YORK STATE 
WE PAY THE FERTILIZER LICENSE FEE 
Send for our Almanac telling all about the Hubbard “Bone Base” Fertilizers. It is sent 
free to any address. 
^fiTlLlZE^ 
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO.. 
Makers of the 
Hubbard “ Bone Base" Fertilizers 
Middletown, Conn. 
Nitrate <x Soda 
Nitrate Sold in Original Bags 
NITRATE AGENCIES CO. 
California .321 Stimson Block, Los Angeles 
.520 Bank San Jose Bldg., San Jose 
Georgia .36 Bay Street, East, Savannah 
Illinois .1204 Hartford Building, Chicago 
Louisiana .305 Baronnc St., New Orleans 
New York .62 Stone Street, New York 
Virginia .Citizens Bank Bldg., Norfolk 
Washington .603 Oriental Block, Seattle 
Canada .1103 Temple Bldg., Toronto 
Cuba ...Havana 
Address Office Nearest You 
Write for Quotations 
Wood Saws For Farmers’ Use 
For sawing firewood, lumber, 
lath, posts, pickets, etc., the 
cheapest and best saw you can 
buy is a 
Hertzler & Zook 
Wood Saw 
Easy to operate. Guaranteed for 
one year. You can build up a 
paying business in sawing fire¬ 
wood or lumber for your neigh¬ 
bor. Pricc$10 00. Write for circular. 
_ Htamn a Zook Co,, Box 3 Belleville, Pn, _ 
Make Your Own Fertilizer 
at Small Cost with 
WILSON’S PHOSPHATE MILLS 
From l to 40 H. P. Also Bone 
Cutters, hand and power 
for the poultrymen; grit 
and shell mills, farm feed 
mills, family grist mills, 
scrap cake mills. Send for 
oar catalog. 
Wilson Bros., Sole Mfrs., Easton, Pa. 
GETTHE BEST 
A Good Spray Pump earns 
big profits and lasts for years. 
THE ECLIPSE I 
is a good pump. As 
practical fruit grow- 
\ ers we were using common 
| sprayers in our own orchards 
; —found their defects and 
i invented the Eclipse. Its 
| success forced us to manu¬ 
facturing on a larga scaie. 
You take no chances. We 
have done all the experi¬ 
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog 
and Treatise on spraying FREE. 
MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor. Mich. 
IOO-GALLON CYPRESS 
‘TIUV For storing wa- 
I ttHIVi ter.forscalding 
and salting and 
many other purposes. Can 
furnish With tight cover mak¬ 
ing it suitable for spraying, 
for $H.()0 additional. We make 
all other size Tanks In any 
shape, for all purposes. Steel 
Towers to elevate 'i links, 
Bells, Wind Mills, also Silos, 
Pumps and GasoUneEnglnes, 
Goods guaranteed as repre- 
-— sented or money back. 
THE B A ™g R E Co., 
32 S. LIBERTY STREET, 
BALTIMORE, MD. 
