294 
THE RURAL NliW-YORKER 
March 5, ' 
WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
Part III. 
Dr. Jordan's subject was “Apple Growing 
in the East and West.” He said those who 
stood for advanced agriculture 30 years ago 
can now stand up and pat themselves. The 
thoughtless waste that comes from plenty 
has caused the waste of forests, mines, water 
and soil fertility. We must now begin to 
be thoughtful and saving, husbanding and 
buildiug up our natural resources for the 
benefit of future generations. The conserva¬ 
tion movement is gaining momentum. He 
has been told that railroads are now offering 
reduced settlers' rates from West to East, 
and farmers in the West are selling their 
high-priced land and moving East on farms 
that are low in price on account of neglect 
aud lack of improvements. Sixty years ago 
the West began to open up. and the pushing 
forward of the railroads increased and ex¬ 
tended that movement. Men went West and 
products came back in such quantity , as to 
reduce prices and seriously disturbed the 
crops and agricultural practices of the East¬ 
ern farmers. Labor saving machines took 
a hand in changing conditions. Another 
factor in the readjustment of population was 
the movement of the young people following 
the industries to the centers of population. 
All these combined to form a situation of 
readjustment that occupied decades. There 
are now no more new lands to be occupied 
unless paid for and production and con¬ 
sumption are more nearly balanced in that 
great Western country that formerly sent 
the bulk of their crops to the East. There 
is no State in the Union where agricultural 
prospects are brighter and opportunities bet¬ 
ter than in New York. He then threw a fine 
collection of lantern slides taken by himself 
while on a trip into the Northwest last 
Summer on the screen. Several of the first 
slides showed the dwellings of the new set¬ 
tlers in the greatly boomed sections of the 
Northwest, but the promoters fail to illus¬ 
trate their literature with such pictures. 
Poor as were the dwellings later slides made 
plain that the people of this section were in 
the front ranks when it came to building 
schools and public buildings. These settlers 
endure many hardships that seldom get 
told in the East. He said it seemed to him 
that much of the orchard planting in Ore¬ 
gon. Washington, Montana and Idaho was a 
matter of speculation. Last year an 80-acre 
orchard in the Hood River section was sold 
for $158,000. Another smaller orchard sold 
for $1,600 per acre. He likes the more 
staid ways of the East, where' homes are 
built which the children can occupy in 
years to come. There are 20.000 acres 
available for orcharding in the Hood River 
Valley. Ten thousand acres or half of the 
full area is already in orchard. In 1908 
Hood River apples sold for $2.25 per box 
F.O.B. Hood River. There are many dis¬ 
advantages in the Northwest, but they are 
kept as quiet as possible. All their ad¬ 
vertising will bear shading. . After bis 
return he wrote to Mr. Shepard, editor- of 
••Better Fruit,” the fruit paper of Washing¬ 
ton and Oregon, telling him if he had’ in¬ 
fluence enough with the people of New York 
he would raise a large sum of money and 
would give away $10,000 worth of New 
York apples to consumers to teach them its 
superior quality in comparison with the 
much-lauded apple of the Northwest. Fol¬ 
lowing the many fine pictures of the or¬ 
chards. etc. of the Northwest were a series 
of pictures showing some very fine West¬ 
ern New York orchards. These were . fol¬ 
lowed by an interesting lor of views showing 
the wonders of the Garden of the Gods 
and Yellowstone Park. 
Dean Bailey of Cornell was announced 
by President Barry who said he would not 
dare to introduce so close a friend of the 
New York Fruit Growers as is Dr. Bailey. 
He was greeted with such hearty applause 
that it was some time before quiet was 
restored. Dean Bailey said he had merely 
dropped in to shake hands with old friends. 
Two influences had had much to do in 
directing his life: The Michigan Fomo- 
logical Society and the Western New York 
Horticultural Society. These societies have 
a great mission in pointing young men on 
in the world. There is a new time coming. 
We have passed through an era of urban 
influence. A compound and combination of 
urban and rural influence is now to be 
realized. Neither exclusively is best, but 
welded they will make the civilization we 
are just beginning to dream about. No 
permanent agriculture has yet been estab¬ 
lished. The heavy yielding lands of Eng¬ 
land now giving better crops than ever 
before he held up as an example. Popula¬ 
tion is overtaking production, and at the 
present rate we will soon become an im¬ 
porting nation instead of an exporting one. 
The older Eastern farms that have once 
been scoured of their natural fertility will 
have to be developed and brought to a 
high state of productiveness. He said he 
had studied every important fruit section 
in the country, and he has come to the 
conclusion that the best fruit belt is in 
Western New Y'ork. The one fundamental 
problem is the establishing of a permanent 
agriculture which would be worldwide, and 
which we must begin by devising plans 
for the development. Large appropriations 
are needed, accompanied by a well laid 
plan of expenditure. The most hopeful 
thing he saw in the meeting was the young 
faces in the audience. Take an interest in 
the young men and women as the future 
lies with them. 
"Notes on the peach” was the title of 
Prof. Hedrick's paper. He said New Y'ork 
peach soils are richer than those of most 
other sections. New Y'ork averages more 
crops than any other region. Markets are 
near. There is no danger of overproduc¬ 
tion. The most important soil conditions are 
good drainage and soil warmth. Any soil 
will grow good peaches if warm. Fertil¬ 
izers he believes are much wasted by apply¬ 
ing elements not needed. The growing 
season is long and the feeding surface large, 
enabling the tree to draw on the natural 
fertility of the soil. Drink is more im¬ 
portant than food, and soil moisture must 
be saved. Poor soils give good crops with 
plenty of water. Supply organic matter 
and cultivate thoroughly. Irrigation in 
New Y'ork for tree fruits is not likely 
to become important for years to come. 
The cultivation is better than the pump. 
Use cover crops in the late Summer, but 
cultivation should never be given up to 
sod. Cover crops are a great help in 
preventing Winter injury. Trees should 
be low-headed. Wind-breaks are unfavor¬ 
able. Leaf-curl does the most damage, but 
is easily controlled by Bordeaux or lime- 
sulphur. Little peach and vellows should 
have prompt treatment. The vase form of 
pruning is most common. g. r. s. 
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