the; rural rew-vorker 
March 19, 
t60 
.NEW YORK STATE FRUIT GROWERS 
At the Poughkeepsie meeting of the New 
York State Fruit (Growers’ Association J. 
H. Hale spoke on “What 1 Don’t Know 
About Peach Growing.” He said the con¬ 
ditions under which the grower was work¬ 
ing would determine the details of peach 
growing, but there were some principles 
that applied to all. A good start is very 
essential. The tree need not be large, 
but it should be in good condition and 
healthy. An abundance of plant food 
should be available, and thorough cultiva¬ 
tion given. If some trees seem a little 
backward give them a little extra plant 
food and attention, but don't fool with a 
misbehaved tree. Yank it out and replace 
the next year with a thrifty one. If this 
is followed the orchard at bearing age 
will be much more satisfactory. Tillage 
should be started as early in the Spring 
as possible, and continued until midsum¬ 
mer. The very early cultivation is most 
important. If you have plenty of land for 
other crops give the peaches the whole of 
the ground from' the start.' If short of 
land some crop that is cultivated most of 
the season can be grown between the trees 
for the first two or three years, but don’t 
crop after the peaches begin to bear. Corn 
is the best crop to use. Never plant po¬ 
tatoes in a peach orchard. Do not grow 
strawberries or any crop that will lap over 
into the next year. If crops are grown 
they should be very liberally fed. The 
third season cut out some of the upright 
branches and cut back the others about the 
middle of July, or just before vigorous 
growth stops. This will cause a greater 
setting of stronger fruit buds. He said he 
would not be as cautious as I’rof. Wliet- 
zel in regard to advising the Summer use 
of lime-sulphur, but would say go ahead 
and use it. There is one thing he does 
not know about peach growing, and that is, 
why don’t growers grow white peaches? 
Discriminating markets are calling for the 
better quality that goes with the white 
peach, and the demand for quality is rapid¬ 
ly growing. It will pay to cater to the 
markets that are appreciative of quality. 
Much can be gained in prices and recog¬ 
nition from other interests by organiza¬ 
tion, but the average farmer and fruit 
grower would rather go broke alone than 
make money together. Members then asked 
his opinion on the following varieties. 
Carman, lie said, reminded him of some 
girls. It was the sweetest, most delightful 
and charming, but all at once it would go 
back on you. It is one of the most hardy, 
but is very subject to brown rot. Greens¬ 
boro is the best and hardiest of early 
peaches. Belle of Georgia is the best 
white peach to grow in the Northern States 
to-day. It is one thousand per cent better 
than Elberta, makes a better tree and is 
hardier in bud. In season it is about a 
week earlier than Elberta. Waddell is a 
semi-dwarf in growth, but is the best 
second early in hardiness and productive¬ 
ness. It needs severe thinning. It is the 
best shipper in the early and middle season 
classes. Willett is a shy bearer. Mountain 
Hose is superseded for market by Hiley. 
Champion is the most delicious peach 
grown, is a good grower, hardy in bud, 
but subject to brown rot. It is a peach 
for nearby markets. Morris White is out 
of the market. Fitzgerald is a very good 
peach of the Crawford type, but he does 
not like any of this type. Crosby is very 
hardy, but needs heavy fertilizing with 
nitrogen and heavy thinning. lie has found 
no yellow peach to follow Elberta satis¬ 
factorily. Champion is best for home use. 
Salway is too late average seasons. Iron 
Mountain is rather late, but otherwise 
good. Stevens Rareripe is a magnificent 
poach, but needs lime-sulphur spraying. 
Is a northwest or southeast exposure 
preferable? Northwest generally, though 
he has known damage to occur on 6uch 
an exposure in continued cold weather with 
winds from that direction when a south¬ 
eastern exposure escaped injury. Would 
you sow a cover crop in the peach orchard? 
Certainly; he said he was not such a 
heathen as to leave any soil bare during 
the Fall and Winter; prefers clover or 
Dairy vetch for cover crop, but weeds are 
better than nothing. Winter vetch is the 
finest cover crop. He sows about August 
5 and inoculates the seed with bacterial 
cultures from the Department of Agri¬ 
culture at Washington. Every peach or¬ 
chard should be sown with a cover crop 
at last cultivation. Ground bone is better 
than dissolved rock for the peach orchard. 
Apply 1.000 to 1,500 pounds bone per acre. 
Basic slag is being used on faith rather 
than on experience. All right, if it can 
be bought for what the phosphoric acid in 
it is worth in other carriers of this ele¬ 
ment. If land needs the lime It is cheaper 
to buy the lime separately. How about 
the nurseryman fitting trees to the labels 
rather than fitting labels to the trees? 
“That’s easy. Labels can be bought for 35 
cents per thousand.” “What do you do 
for borers?” “Dig them out.” Vetch seed 
is scarce and rather high. He sows one- 
half bushel per acre. Early ripening of 
fruit on occasional trees ahead of the crop 
is a sure sign of yellows. Farmers are 
waking up to the value of lime, and if 
they will get together and tell the rail¬ 
roads they have got to have lime and have 
it cheap he believes the railroads would 
respond with reduced rates. Mr. Case said 
the Lamont peach followed the Elberta. It 
is about a week later, resembles Early 
Crawford, but it is a little hardier and 
more productive. G. a. s. 
REMARKS ON NURSERYMEN. 
Having read your editorial remarks on 
page 274 about Mr. E. S. Black, I hunted 
up his first article, which as I read it is 
simply to show that the fruit grower and 
farmer are worse characters than the 
nurseryman and seedsman. Mr. Black’s 
remarks about the barrel of apples are not 
to the point at all. The purchase of a 
barrel of apples is a quick transaction, and 
even if the top is fixed up, it is not much 
of a loss to anyone, a dollar or two ; be¬ 
sides this, the buyer of a barrel of apples 
has a right to open the head and see what 
he is getting; in other words, to inspect 
the barrel before buying it, and even if 
big. apples are all on top, why blame it 
on the fruit grower or farmer? The com¬ 
mission merchant who. as a rule, sells the 
fruit can do his own manipulating in order 
to make money. 
In the case of the misnamed fruit trees 
no inspection can be made and no commis¬ 
sion merchant comes in. Every nursery¬ 
man guarantees the trees true to name, 
or the farmer would not buy them. The 
failure of the trees to come up to name 
cannot be blamed on the farmer in any 
way; he is absolutely at the mercy of the 
nurseryman. Who can tell what a one or 
two-year fruit tree will bear? There is 
no chance for the farmer to knock the 
head out of a barrel and look in; he has. 
to go it blind. The farmer cannot find 
out the cheat for years, and in the inter¬ 
val he is spending time and money. The 
nurseryman knows the farmer cannot make 
any inspection, and for that reason he 
should be more than careful in what he 
sells. There is absolutely no excuse for 
the nurseryman in the fruit tree end of 
his business. The average fruit grower 
and farmer is, of course, not an angel, 
but from Mr. Black’s standpoint he is 
worse than the nurseryman. Why should 
Mr. Black bring up the adulterated seed 
oat question? In the nurseryman’s case 
he absolutely guarantees bis goods, while 
the seedsman absolutely says his goods are 
most likely bad. Anyhow, he tells you on 
every package that he gives no guarantee. 
I think as a rule nurserymen are not sued 
for damages by farmers. Farmers are a 
long-suffering class. I think Mr. Black 
would better confine his arguments to the 
nurseryman and let the seedsman hoe his 
own row. Because the seedsman may sell 
bad seeds, which at the time he tells you 
may be bad, does not prove that the nur¬ 
seryman who guarantees what he sells 
should not be made to pay for the damage 
he does. albert neilson. 
COW OUT OF CONDITION. 
One of our cows, a recent purchase, does 
not eat hay or other fodder. She will chew 
it and then let it drop out again. The only 
thing which she seems to relish is mangel- 
wurzels, which I run through a cutter and 
steam, and feed mixed with corn and cob 
meal. Maybe your veterinarian can advise. 
I consulted one bore and be claims that the 
cow has not recovered since calving, and 
consequently lost her appetite. Do you 
think that she only lost it for hay and the 
like? I bought her cheap: she is a Hol¬ 
stein and worth quite a little when 1 get 
her in condition. C. B. 
New York. 
Examine her mouth. She may be an old 
toothless “critter,” or there may be a con¬ 
dition of the molar teeth that makes perfect 
or comfortable mastication of hay an im¬ 
possibility. In all probability the cause of 
the trouble is in the mouth and it possibly 
is remediable. 
“Barn Itch.” —This I got from quaran¬ 
tine on some heifers. My remedy is (and 
it cures) creolin, full strength, well rubbed 
in. I have cured repeatedly bad cases of 
mange in dogs and seldom more than two 
applications needed. n. F. shannon. 
Transplanting Wild Azalea. —To trans 
plant the wild Azalea, move them when they 
are in bloom, set in shade of house or barn. 
This has never failed with me. They always 
die if set when dormant. This is my ex¬ 
perience. f. p. c. 
Garrettsville, O. 
Building a Home Made Sprayer.—I 
have a one-horse wooden wheel hay tedder 
that is of no use that 1 would like to 
make into a sprayer by building a platform 
on it and fastening a tank or barrel 
with attachments to platform, but I don’t 
know much about it. Will you ask some 
of your readers for information and draw¬ 
ings on this subject? I have tools enough 
and plenty of pipe, elbows and other things 
necessary. I want to spray oats for mus¬ 
tard and potatoes and peas for other weeds. 
Auburn, N. Y. j. j. b. 
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