1010. 
366 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
DISEASES OF GLADOLI.. 
In the Winter of 1907-1908 there 
came to the Department of Plant Path¬ 
ology at Cornell University inquiries 
from several florists •concerning a dis¬ 
ease effecting the corms of the Gladio¬ 
lus. Little or nothing being known 
concerning the cause and nature of this 
disease, Prof. Whetzel referred it to the 
writer as a subject for investigation. 
to determine methods of control. Noth¬ 
ing definite on this has yet been deter¬ 
mined, since the time of the writer, dur¬ 
ing the past year, has been occupied by 
the study of diseases of orchard fruits. 
It is to be hoped that means may be 
provided whereby some one may take 
up the control phase of the problem. 
For this purpose a careful study of the 
life history of the parasites is necessary. 
HEALTHY TISSUE OF GLADIOLUS CORM. Fig. 137. 
Specimens submitted were found to be 
affected with a hard, chocolate brown 
rot, which begins in the field but de¬ 
velops destructively in storage, often 
causing very great loss to the grower. 
A search for literature on the subject 
revealed only a very few brief notes 
on Gladiolus diseases, all of which in¬ 
dicated that nothing definite had been 
We must know where and how infec¬ 
tion takes place, where and how the 
fungi are carried over from season to 
season, what their methods of repro¬ 
duction are and many other such points. 
Knowing this it is probable that some 
weak point will be found at which the 
attack should be made. It seems quite 
probable that some of these fungi are 
soil organisms. 
The accompanying illustrations will 
indicate something of the nature and 
symptoms of these different diseases. 
SOFT ROT. Fig. 138. 
demonstrated scientifically 
the cause or treatment; accordingly with 
the aid of Mr. A. E. Cowee, a large 
grower of Berlin, N. Y., who generously 
co-operated with us, and many others 
who supplied material and information, 
some work was done along this line. 
Specimens were received from France, 
England, Germany, Holland, Ohio, 
DRY ROT. Fig. 139. 
Iowa, Indiana, Massachusetts, Wiscon¬ 
sin, New Jersey, Michigan, Connecticut 
and New York. At least four distinct 
diseases of corms were studied, two of 
which vyere found to be due to' dis¬ 
tinctly different fungi; a soft rot, prob¬ 
ably caused by bacteria; and the dis¬ 
ease commonly known as scab, probably 
caused by a fungus, but neither of the 
DISEASED TISSUE OF GLADIOLUS CORM. Fig. 140. 
latter two suppositions has been demon¬ 
strated. From the hard and dry rot 
corms fungi have been isolated, grown 
m pure culture and infections artifici¬ 
ally induced by inoculation. Although 
we wish to repeat these inoculations 
another season for further demonstra¬ 
tion, we feel quite well satisfied that 
the causal organisms have been located. 
1 he cause being known makes it pos¬ 
sible to intelligently direct experiments 
light color to reddish brown with 
brown with somewhat of a metallic 
lustre. Not extending deeply into conn. 
Fig. 137 is a cross section of tissues 
of healthy corm, highly magnified. Fig. 
140 is cross section of tissue of corm af¬ 
fected with hard rot. The starch is 
destroyed by the disease. The intercel¬ 
lular mycelium is shown, highly mag¬ 
nified. E. WALLACE. 
Cornell University. 
SCAB. Fig. 141. 
Fig. 142 shows hard rot; diseased area, 
chocolate brown firm shrunken areas, 
mycelium between cells. Fig. 139 is dry 
rot. Diseased portion of corm usually 
more cork-like, penetrates more deep¬ 
ly and surface smoother and of a duller 
shade of brown than in hard rot. Dis¬ 
eased areas often outlined by sharp, 
sometimes black, ridges. Black scler- 
IIARD ROT. Fig. 142. 
otia sometimes formed on surface of 
corm. Mycelium inside cells. Fig. 138 
is soft rot; corms soft and mushy at 
first; foul odor; almost white inside. 
When dried becomes very hard and 
chalk-like. Fig. 141 is scab; diseased 
areas circular or irregularly depressed, 
often saucer shaped. Line of demarca¬ 
tion sharp. Surface of depression, 
Established 1 847. 
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