1010 . 
THE EURAIv NEW-YORKER 
389 
UTILIZING WASTED ORANGES. 
M. B., Estero, Ela .—Could you toll me 
the best way to utilize the culls of oranges 
and grapefruit? Could it be made into de- 
natured alcohol as a paying business? I 
think that if growers could get something 
for their culls they would not he tempted 
to put so much poor fruit on the market, 
and would get more for their good fruit. 
Ans.—T his question lias been put to 
us at the Experiment Station a great 
many times, and in a great many differ¬ 
ent forms. After the recent freeze we 
looked into the question as to how much 
alcohol could be made from frozen fruit. 
This frozen fruit, of course, would con¬ 
tain as much sugar and other materials 
that could be converted into alcohol as 
would be contained in the culls. Our 
chemist reported to us that from a hun¬ 
dred pounds of oranges, about four pints 
of alcohol could be made, on a theoreti¬ 
cal basis. Practically, of course, a less 
amount would be produced; but the best 
pieces of apparatus would approximate 
to this amount. This would be too small 
an amount to pay, under the circum¬ 
stances, but in large groves, and especial¬ 
ly in connection with a large packing¬ 
house, this question would be well worth 
looking into, from a practical standpoint. 
In 300 boxes of oranges weighing 80 
pounds each, there are contained 34.4 
pounds of ammonia, worth about 30 
cents a pound; 12.7 pounds of phosphoric 
acid, worth about four cents a pound; 
and 70.3 pounds of potash, worth 
about five cents a pound. Or, in 
short, we have a carload of oranges 
worth about $14:35 in fertilizer constitu¬ 
ents. This, of course, is too small a val¬ 
uation to permit of their being hauled 
any distance and ’ then being used as a 
fertilizer. 
Probably the most promising use that 
could be made of cull oranges would be 
*to make them up into marmalade. This 
was done by some people a number of 
years ago when we had an over-produc¬ 
tion of oranges, and it will doubtless be 
done in the future when we begin to 
take care of the small wastes and begin 
to make our profit by saving the odds 
and ends. At the present time there is 
so much money made on the main crop 
that the average person will not give this 
matter any consideration, just as at 
present train loads of vegetables go to 
waste after the shipping season is over. 
Good grape fruit marmalade may be 
made in the following way, the direc¬ 
tions being given by R. M. Fletcher- 
Berry in “Fruit Recipes,” published by 
Doubleday, Page and Co.: Remove the 
yellow rind with a sharp knife; place in 
brine and boil till soft and translucent. 
Then drain and soak in fresh, cold water 
for two hours, after which scrape off 
part of the white pulp and cut in thin 
slices. Meantime have the white rag 
and seeds removed from the fruit-pulp 
and place latter with juice in a separate 
vessel. When the rind is sufficiently 
freshened add to it the pulp, with equal 
proportion of sugar, and boil 30 minutes 
or until it jells. 
Orange marmalade may be made as 
follows: To make orange marmalade 
after a well-tried English recipe, select 
slightly tart oranges, and allow an equal 
weight of sugar with one pint of water 
for each dozen of average size. Peel 
the oranges carefully and remove a little 
of the white pith, then boil the rinds in 
water for two hours, changing the water 
three times to take off a little of the 
bitter taste. Cut the pulp into small bits, 
taking care to remove all of the seeds, 
and cut the boiled rind into chips. Boil 
the sugar and water together to form 
a syrup, skim carefully, and, when clear, 
put in th£ orange pulp and skins. Boil 
together for 20 minutes to a half-hour, 
when it should be rich and thick. Pack 
in jelly glasses or small stone jars, and 
when cold, cover and store in a dark 
place. p. h. ROLFS. 
Florida Experiment Station. 
|( “Now, children,” asked the teacher, 
“what is the use of a calendar?” “Please, 
mum,” answered Willie, “it tells where 
you’d orter git yer life insured.”—Cleve¬ 
land Leader. 
Lime for Alfalfa and Peach Orchard. 
B. If. S.j Danbury, O. —1. We have a five- 
acre field that we wish to put to Alfalfa 
this year. The field is an old vineyard, 
has been under cultivation 30 years. Five 
years ago we pulled out the grapes and 
farmed it, one-half in Timothy and the other 
half in Alfalfa. Both did well. Last Spring 
it was plowed in March and put to corn. 
Last September I disked the land thorough- 
ly, applied one ton of fresh lime per acre, 
harrowed it in well, and plowed it the first 
of December. This Spring we wish to put 
half in oats and half in barley. Would you 
advise putting the seed in with the oats 
and barley, or wait till Summer and give 
it another plowing? As a general rule, July 
and August are pretty dry, so that would 
be a disadvantage in the last proposition 
that would need to be considered. How 
deep should Alfalfa seed be put in the 
ground? 2. I have a peach orchard not 
too old to bear that has not done well the 
last two years. It used to be a vineyard, 
has been under cultivation 30 years. The 
present orchard is 10 years old. Would it 
be profitable to lime such soil, and if so 
how much lime per acre? Almost all our 
soil is yellow clay. 
Ans. —1. We would use beardless 
Spring barley as a nurse crop instead 
of oats. Sow 20 pounds Alfalfa seed 
and l l /2 bushel of the barley to the acre, 
sowing together with a disk drill. Pre¬ 
pare a good seed bed, and cover about 
an inch. As this field was plowed in 
December, a thorough disking is all that 
is necessary. Sow at oat-seeding time, 
and thus avoid the drought which is 
mentioned as pretty sure to come in 
July and August, which would make 
Summer seeding in this case inadvisable. 
2. This old peach orchard is probably 
deficient in humus, and the application 
of caustic lime would be one of the worst 
methods you could employ, as this would 
still further reduce the supply of humus 
in the soil. \\ e vvould advise the use 
of the ground limestone rock at the 
rate of four tons to the acre. 
Ohio. ' CHAS. B. WING. 
KANSAS 
Pruning 
Knife 
IMPROVED 
■yHE knife that makes pruning 
easy. It is automatic. No levers 
to work by hand. Just put the hook 
over the limb and pull on the handle 
and off comes the limb. Will do 
heavy work and do it fast. 
Another. “The Happy Thought," 
with pump-gun movement for light 
work, shaping, budding, etc. 
Write and we will tell you more. 
INTERNATIONAL TOOL CO. 
49 Porter St., 
Detroit, Mich, 
MAKE 
YOUR OWN 
sp 
Compressed Air 
raying* Outfit 
You can make it at homo with material purchased in 
the open market. Our 40-page Instruction Catalog 
Tells you how to do it 
Tells you where to get every part 
Tells what each part costs 
Tells you how to operate 
Catalog shows every part, and the completed outfit. 
It gives formulas and instructions for mixingand 
applying moro than twenty different kinds of spray¬ 
ing mixtures, and also a full and complete spray 
calendar as compiled and approved by the Ohio 
State Experiment Station for 1909. Up-to-date plans 
for central or mixing stations for Bordeaux and 
lime-sulphur. Our plan lias stood the test of ten 
years’ service. It is in uso by the largestpeuch grow¬ 
ers in tlie world. Its capacity is unlimited. Suit¬ 
able for orchard of 10 acres or 1,000. It works per¬ 
fectly on steep hill sides or soft ground where no 
other power_ sprayer can be used. 
Catalog Giving Full Information, postpaid, $2.00 
PIERCE-LOOP SPRAYER CO., North East, Pa. 
1910 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS 
MR. FRUTT GROWER, we have the two plunger 
sprav pump you have been looking for connected to 
our I hi and 1! II. F. air-cooled engine. Eight years of 
success. If yon do not know us, ask any of the thou¬ 
sand users. Satisfied customers are our reference. 
Outfits fully guaranteed. Write for catalogue 19. 
R. H. DEYO & CO., Binghamton,N.Y. ; 
FIELD 5PRAYER 
Advance 
HURST - COMBINATION - SPRAYERS 
SPRAY ANYTHING— Potatoes, truck, strawberries, etc. 4 rows at a time, 20 acres a day. Also 
first class for tree spraying or whitewashing. Pump has brass ball valves, plunger, strainer, etc. High 
pressure produces vapor spray that prevents blight and rot and kills bugs. High wheel makes push¬ 
ing easy. Horse hitch for hilly country. Spray arms can be adjusted to any width or lieightof row or 
set straight up for vineyard spraying. In field spraying It works automatically as you push It along. 
In tree spraying you operate the pump by hand. Brass shut-off saves liquid In stopping and turning. 
10 gallon heavy galvanized steel tank coated on the Inside with acid proof enamel to prevent corro- 
skm. Construction all steel makes It light, strong and durable. Cheap In price, 5 year guarantee. 
Test this sprayer with your money In your pocket. 
PAY US OUT OF THE EXTRA PROFIT 
Hurst Horse Power Sprayer 
is the sprayer for the large growers of potatoes, 
fruit, vineyards, eta “No tree too high, no field 
too big for this kind of sprayers.” Simple in 
construction, powerful pressure, easy on man and 
horse. Is made for hard service. One-piece 
heavy anglo Iron frame, cypress wood tank 60 
to 100 gallon, metal wheels. One or two horses. 
6 year guarantee, trial costs you nothing. 
HERE’S OUR OFFER 
Lotus send you one of these spravers oil-trial 
WITHOUT A CENT IN ADVANCE. We ask 
no note or bank deposit before trial and you aro 
under no obligation to keep tlie sprayer If it is 
not satisfactory. Send in the attached coupon or 
a letter or post card stating which machine you 
are interested in and we’ll send you FREE our 
catalog, spraying guid'o and SPECIAL FREE 
OFFER for first in each locality tills season. 
BE FIRST to write and save money. 
WE PAY FREIGHT. 
Fitz-All Barrel Sprayer 
Fits any barrel or tank. High pressure, perfect 
agitation, easy to operate. Brass ball valves, 
plunger, strainer, etc. Automatic strainer cleaner. 
No “cup leathers or rubber” about any of our 
sprayers. Furnished plain, mounted on barrel, 
or on wheels as shown. 6 year guarantee. It 
won’t cost you “a cent” to try it in your orchard. 
Get ono free. See below. Write to-day. 
COUPON —Fill out and send to-day 
This Coupon will not appear again. 
H. L. HURST MFG. CO., 286North St., Canton, O. 
Send me your Catalog, Spraying Guide, and 
special offer” on the sprayer marked with an X 
below. 
.Man-Power Potato & Orchard Sprayer. 
.Horse-Power Potato & Orchard Sprayer. 
.Fits-AIl Barrel Sprayer.! 
NAME__ 
ADDRESS 
“SKI. 
D. 
M" 
GOOD FRUIT 
Nowadays but few places get good fruit without using a good 
sprayer. If you want to spray effectively yet with the utmost 
economy, don’t waste your time with an inferior outfit that some 
dealer may try to make you believe is “Just as Good” as Goulds. 
Wo mako over 25 different stylos—for hand or power. Ono of 
oLhl^‘oiiMif‘ a fieo'‘t’ do " u 'T.;. 1 ’ n Y v , i '!« than any 
other outfit, beo that tho name Goulds ’ is cast on tho 
pump. It is your guarantee, ° 
Write 6 Jot & b °° k lUaC is interostin 8 and will help you. 
^‘How to Spray—When to Spray—What Sprayer to Uxe” 
It is full of interesting information and contains many 
valuable formulas for spray mixtures. 
Copy sent free on request. 
THE GOULDS MANUFACTURING CO. 
58 W. Fall Street, Seueca Falla, N, Y. 
IVe Build Pumps for Every Service, 
tumps from $3 to $300. j/ 
JT PAYS TO SPRAY 
The Tron Age 4-row Sprayer gives I .SAVE 
perfect satisfaction. Puts solution \ uipp n 
just where needed and in fog-liko n "Jz “ 
inist. Pump delivers spray under HELP 
high pressure, thus reaching every 
part of vine, effectually killing bugs 
and preventing blight. Has 
Orchard Spray ing attach¬ 
ment. Write for free 
catalog illustrat¬ 
ing this and 
other Iron 
AgQ tOOlS. 
Iron Ago 
Pour-Row 
Sprayer 
BATEMAN MFG. CO., Box 102-S GRENLOCH, N. J 
THE PERFECTION SPRAYER 
Sprays Anything. Trees by hand, potatoes by horse 
power. Oldest and best. Over 1000 in use. Always gives 
perfect satisfaction. Don’t buy till you get my catalog free 
THOMAS PEPPLER, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J. 
You Need This 
Spraye 
as well as Aspinwall Potato Planter’ 
No. 3 to get 100% crops. 
Aspinwall 
machines are designed for greatest i 
oteney, economy, speed. Sprays four rows 
at once. Handles the heaviest mixtures. 
Relief Valve controls pressure. Fruit Tree 
attachment furnished. Also broadcast Attach-’ 
rnent for spraying weeds. 
Our illustrated Booklet MAILED FREE. ’ 
Write for it. 
ASPINWALL MFG. CO. 
437 Sabin Street, - Jackson, Mich, U. S. A. 
SPRAY 
FRUITS AND 
. , FIELD CROPS 
[ anil do whitewashing in mod effectual, economical, 
mlnvrTSJ* Satisfaction guaranteed if you uso 
1IUU it A O 
f HAND OR 
J POWER — __ 
I No. 1, shown hero, is fllteil with Anto-l’op NYzzIo— 
J (iocs work of a ordinary sprayors. Kmlorsed by Kx- 
i porl ma n t Sutiun, and 801,000 others. -4(1 stries 
■ sires and prices in our FRKK HOOK —also Taluublo 
I rprajrlug guido. Writo postal now. 
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY 
28 Jay St., Rochester, N. Y. 
Auto-Sprays 
SPRA 
Use a pump that lasts 
and drives the spray 
mixture home. 
arnes AIl-BraSs Perfection 
Bucket Spray Pump 
J is the best made for elliclent work. 
Made of seamless brass, n o 
threads. Easily taken apart. Price, (including 
3-ft. rubber hose and 2 nozzles) Only 33.00. 
Barnes Double Acting Barrel Pump 
All bras* worklng parts in contact with liquid. Throws liquid 
with immonso force; one stroko of handle sustains spray 2 minutes 
and over. A marvel amorg bi~h urado sprayers. Complete with 
f»-ft. hod© and Vermorel nozzle, $0.00. With two leads hose and 
Vermorel nozzle, $10.00. 
Wo make over 300 stylos and sizes of pumps. Write for FRKK 
catalog. 
BARNES MFG. CO., Dept.22, Mansfield, Ohio 
