4-48 
THEC RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April S), 
Dwarf Apples and Stocks. 
AT. B., Chatham, Ontario. —1. About what 
height should the Paradise stock grafted 
with apples grow? 2. What size should 
the Doucin stock attain? 3. Where are 
these stocks natives? 4. There is an agent 
selling apple trees grafted on French crabs. 
What are they like? 5. What would you 
think of grafting apples in the native wild 
crab? Would you think it better than 
any of the above stocks? 
Ans. — 1 . The largest dwarf apple 
trees that I have seen on Paradise stock 
were not over 12 or 15 feet high. I do 
not say they never get larger, but these 
trees were more than 20 years old, and 
seemed to be gaining nothing in size 
during several years that I observed 
them. 2 . Trees on the Doucin stock 
were of about the same size, as I have 
seen them. 3. Both these stocks are 
natives of Europe. They are used to 
make dwarf apple trees, which is done 
by grafting or budding any variety de¬ 
sired on them, but I do not think such 
trees of any value except to plant in 
small town lots or some such place. 
4. There is no telling what sort of trees 
the agent mentioned is selling. A slick- 
tongued fellow can sell anything he may 
wish to talk about and make some people 
believe it. This one may have trees on 
the Paradise and Doucin stocks, which 
are grown largely in France, or he may 
have culls from some nursery that he 
intends to deliver. In any case, I would 
advise letting him and his trees alone. 
There are plenty of reliable nurseries 
to order trees from that will prove to 
be all right, and I would let dwarf apple 
trees alone, too. 5. I would not graft 
apples on the native American species 
of Pyrus, commonly called crab apples, 
because the union is not good and per¬ 
manent. Hold fast to the well-tested 
kind of trees and let the freak experi¬ 
ments be tried by those who can afford 
to spend time and money on them. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Three Forms of Nitrogen. 
J. F. M., Westerly, R. T .— The R. N.-Y. 
stated that one ton of fish contains about 
3 00 pounds of nitrogen and 115 pounds 
phosphoric acid. Am I to understand that 
this is equal to about 000 pounds nitrate 
of soda and 800 pounds acid phosphate? 
1 could get all the fish I want in Fall at 
little expense; have good swamp muck to 
use with them. Why is muriate of potash 
used for common farm crop uses, instead 
of the sulphate with so many crops? Is 
it better, or because it is cheaper? 
Ans. —<You must always remember 
the three classes or forms of nitrogen- 
organic, ammonia and nitrates. Animal 
matter or plant growth contains organic 
nitrogen, and this will not be used as 
food by other plants until it has been 
decayed or changed to the other forms. 
For example, a cow might eat corn¬ 
stalks with a little grain. If we chopped 
up the dry stalks and put them on the 
ground as manure there would be very 
slow results—none at all until the stalks 
had “rotted” down. The manure made 
by the cow would be better for plant 
feeding than the stalks. The liquid part 
of this manure would contain nitrates or 
soluble nitrogen, since this part has been 
fully digested. The solids of this ma¬ 
nure would contain organic nitrogen 
rapidly changing, through fermentation, 
to ammonia and then to nitrates. A ton 
of the dry corn fodder might contain 18 
pounds of nitrogen, while the manure 
saved from feeding it might have only 
12 pounds. Yet farmers would take the 
manure in place of the stalks for ma¬ 
nuring a crop. It is true that a ton of 
fish may contain 100 pounds of nitrogen, 
yet it is in the organic form, and must 
decay or break down before it is fully 
equal to the nitrates in nitrate of soda. 
When fish is composted with swamp 
muck and lime the nitrogen becomes 
more available, but will not be as sure 
or as quick in its action as nitrate of 
soda. Raw fish and to some extent dried 
fish have an injurious effect in souring 
the soil, but this is overcome by using 
lime. Composting will remove most of 
fhis objection, but it will not be safe to 
figure that a pound of nitrogen in the 
fish is .equal to a pound as nitrates. The 
same is true of a pound of phosphoric 
acid in fish compared with a pound in 
acid phosphate. Muriate of potash is 
largely used because it is cheaper than 
sulphate. The latter is the better form 
of notash, but costs more money. 
Silage for Fertilizer. 
What would be the best way to use 
silage for fertilizer? I have about 10 tons 
left, and I want to dispose of it to the 
best advantage. j. a. m. 
Milford, N. Y. 
Compared with stable manure corn 
silage shows about the following: 
Nitrogen Phos. Acid Potash 
Silage. 8 3 7 
Manure . 10 6 13 
The nitrogen in the manure is probably 
more available than that in the silage, 
while the latter is sour. We should use 
i: the same as manure, broadcasting to be 
plowed or harrowed under. It will be best 
for corn or potatoes. If used on fruit or 
garden crops, we should use lime with it. 
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Nov. 16 , 1909 . HENRY W. RUSSELL, Harrisburg, Vt. 
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