400 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 9, 
THE DAIRY SHORT-HORN COW. 
It has been the opinion of the farmers 
generally throughout this entire country 
that Short-horn cows are of but little 
value in the dairy, but the facts are that 
they have made some remarkably good 
records from the establishment of the 
breed down to the present time. The 
early history of the Short-horns (then 
called Durham cattle) tells of cows that 
were phenomenal and persistent milkers 
and butter makers. Several cows are 
mentioned in .Bell’s history of this breed 
that gave from 18 to 26 quarts of milk 
at a milking, and made as high as 24 
pounds of butter in a week. Duchess 
First, the great mother of the highest- 
priced cattle ever sold at public or pri¬ 
vate sale, gave 14 quarts at a milking, 
and was credited with two pounds of 
butter per day. Brighteyes, the foun¬ 
tain head of another great family, is 
credited with 15 quarts of milk at a 
milking. These were the products of 
the common farmers who were working 
for profit only, and if the men of wealth 
who took them up had bred them along 
dairy lines, they would be a breed of 
dairy cattle to-day the like of which 
the world has never seen, but they 
sought to breed them for beef only, and 
that they were eminently successful goes 
without saying. But there are cases of 
reversion in all domestic animals, and 
from time to time this inherent dairy 
quality has cropped out in some of the 
herds on both sides of the Atlantic, and 
in the past few years some of the breed¬ 
ers of the Eastern States have gone sys¬ 
tematically to work to breed them back 
to the dual-purpose type. Several in this 
State, in Pennsylvania and the New Eng¬ 
land States, have produced some fine 
specimens of the dairy Short-horns, and 
since they made such a good showing in 
the Columbian dairy lists at Chicago in 
1S93, they have been coming to the front 
of milk (58 pounds per day), and 5.43 
pounds of butter, and Fill Pail, which 
gave 161 pounds of milk a daily aver¬ 
age of 53 2-3 pounds)and 5.16 pounds of 
butter in the three days. Daisy Dean 
4th, owned in Indiana, when four years 
old, gave 8,075 pounds of milk and made 
432 pounds of butter in 10 months. At 
the New York State Experiment Farm 
at Geneva, there was conducted a few 
years ago quite an extended test of the 
different breeds of cattle, and the sta¬ 
tion reports show that as a profitable 
milk*producer the Short-horn stands on 
an equal footing with the Holstein at 
the head of the list. And for cost of 
production of butter fat the Short-horn 
is at the top, the Guernsey second, the 
Jersey third; for cost per pound _of 
cheese the Short-horn is again in the 
lead. 
Mr. Lewis and the Spencers, of Chau¬ 
tauqua County, this State, and Innis 
and May, of Pennsylvania, have probably 
done more to bring the dairy Short-horn 
into the limelight than any other breed¬ 
ers, but there are others who have bred 
good producers, and the good records 
are coming up from many different 
sources, and their cows are constantly 
making history for the breed. A great 
many of our agricultural colleges and 
experiment stations are developing them 
with very gratifying success in many 
instances. Dairy Maid, bred by Mr. 
Innis [and owned by Cornell University, 
has made in the past season 7,708 pounds 
of milk, 274 pounds butter fat, equal 
to about 319.5 pounds of butter. Prof. 
Wing says the average of 37 cows in 
their dairy last year, all ages and breeds 
(but mostly of the dairy breeds) was 
7,463 pounds of milk, which shows that 
Dairy Maid was a better milker than 
the average of the herd. She has never 
been crowded for a record. The Short¬ 
horn cow Lula, owned by the Missouri 
BARBARA, A DAIRY SHORT-HORN COW. Fig. 175. 
very rapidly in the estimation of un¬ 
prejudiced people, and in a few years 
will stand in the front row as a dairy- 
breed. In these tests the cow Nora in 
the 15-day cheese test made a net profit 
of $6.27, which was but 70 cents below 
that of the best Jersey and $1 above the 
best Guernsey, and the cheese made" by 
the Short-horns scored higher in flavor 
and texture than that made by the other 
breeds. In the 90-day butter test she 
was the leader of the Short-horn con¬ 
tingent, with 162 pounds of butter and 
a net profit of $52.63. The best five 
Short-horns made an average net profit 
of $49.44 for the 90 days. In the 30-day- 
butter test Kitty Clay- Fourth was the 
leader for the breed; she gave 1,592.9 
pounds of milk and made 62.24 pounds 
butter. She was beaten bv only 
two of the Jersey-s, and stood above 
all of the Guernseys. In the heifer 
test, which lasted 21 days, the 
Short-horns, Miss Renick 24th and 
Fancy- 15th, were Nos. 2 and 3. They 
were beaten by only one Jersey (Lilly 
Garfield), which had a net profit of only 
25 cents better than Miss Renick, and 
taking everything into consideration, I 
claim that in these tests the Short-horns 
made the best showing of the three 
breeds, for the other two breeds had 
been bred for generations for the sole 
purposes of producing dairy products, 
and the Jersey managers claimed for 
some time before the tests began that 
they had selected over 50 cows that had 
made from three to five pounds of butter 
per day-, but when the tests were all 
completed they had shown but four 
cows that could make two pounds or 
better of butter per day-. 
Mr. E. T. Smith, secretary- of the 
California State Board of Agriculture, 
reported the results of a three-day butter 
‘test made on the State fair grounds in 
that State in the Fall of 1893. There 
were eight contestants, four Short¬ 
horns, two Jerseys and two Holsteins. 
The two high cows were the Short¬ 
horns Rosa Belle, which gave 174 pounds 
Agricultural College, completed a year’s 
record April 11, 1909, which places her 
at the head of the breed so far. Her 
best record for one day is 53 pounds of 
milk, 2.S pounds butter; for seven days 
it is 356 pounds of milk, 19 pounds but¬ 
ter, and for one month, 1,454 pounds of 
milk, 77.8 pounds butter, and the re¬ 
markably good record for one year of 
12,341 pounds of milk and 605.6 pounds 
of butter. This record was made on the 
lightest grain ration of which I have 
ever read. Prof. A. L. Haecker, of the 
Nebraska Experiment Station, reports 
the following records made by Florence 
Airdrie 6th in 1906: Milk, 10.43S pounds; 
butter, 494.90 pounds. He says it might 
be of interest to mention that this cow’s 
milk sold for six cents per quart, and 
for the past four years has returned 
$264 per year. The dairy- farmers of 
England have bred strains of Short¬ 
horns for quite a long time that are 
great producers of both milk and butter, 
and they have won the championship for 
the best dairy cow at the annual Lon¬ 
don dairy shows more times than has 
any other breed. At the last annual 
show the Short-horn cow Burton’s Fancy 
gave a daily yield of 62.4 pounds of milk 
and 3.01 pounds of butter fat. The 
cow Lady- Heggle gave 53.9 pounds milk, 
2.82 pounds butter fat. At the same 
show a two-year-old heifer gave 42.6 
pounds milk, 1.46 pounds butter fat. At 
the tests conducted at St. Louis in 1904 
the Short-horn cows 16th Belle of Trow¬ 
bridge produced a calf February 26, and 
Eva S. 10th, April 24, and from Au¬ 
gust 21 to 30, inclusive (10 days), the 
first-named cow made 20.08 pounds of 
butter fat and the latter 17.39 pounds 
of fat. In the Columbian tests there was 
but one cow that at any time could make 
as high as 20 pounds of fat in 10 days 
and that was the Jersey- Brown Bessie, 
and she did not live to reach home, I 
am told. She was fed to the extreme 
limit and could not stand the strain. 
Mamie Clay 2d with a record when 
[(Continued on next page) 
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