1910. 
'THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
490 
Ruralisms 
ROOT GALL ON PEACH. 
D. B., Queenston , Ont. —Peach stocks 
set in May, 1909, and budded in September, 
are apparently about one-third affected by 
root galls. Is there danger of the disease 
spreading to the others? Is there any 
remedy, and if so what? Do root galls 
affect the growth of peach trees, and does 
their presence mean that such trees should 
not be planted in orchards? Is this disease 
due to any adverse condition of soil, or 
have the pits been its source? What 
makes peach buds so erratic after stocks 
are cut off in Spring? Sometimes as many 
as a dozen consecutive buds start a little, 
and then fail to grow. Is it advisable to 
spray buds in stocks to prevent curl-leaf, 
using lime-sulphur? 
Ans. —Root gall of the peach is a 
serious disease, and no roots should be 
planted that are affected by it. The 
cause of the galls is a bacterium that 
exists in the soil and is propagated 
there. It sometimes gets a strong foot¬ 
hold in nurseries and affects many of 
the trees that are grown there. This is 
the usual means of propagation and dis¬ 
tribution. It does not come from the 
seeds. In the orchard there is little 
chance for root or crown gall to get 
on to the roots of peach or other trees, 
one from the other. Those that show 
the least sign of the trouble should not 
be planted without first cutting away 
every affected root, and it would be 
much better to reject them altogether, 
for there are liable to be unseen germs 
on other roots than those showing the 
galls. The presence of the galls checks 
the growth of the trees and while it 
does not often kill them, in some cases 
it does cause a lingering death. The 
stocks of peach trees in nursery that 
were budded last Summer or Fall should 
be cut off close to the buds soon after 
they start to grow and there should be 
no serious trouble ,to have them grow. 
If any considerable proportion fails to 
grow there must be some insect eating 
the buds, especially if they die after 
starting to grow. If this is the trouble 
it can be met by spraying with any of 
the arsenical formulas. In case ’of curl 
leaf, which is a fungus disease, Bor¬ 
deaux Mixture is the best preventive. 
This should be applied about the time 
the buds are ready to open. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
“FILLERS” IN AN ORCHARD. 
M. G., The . Plains, Va .—Which does 
practice prove to be the greater financial 
success in the long run, the apple orchard 
set with fillers (of apples or peaches, 
which preferred?), or the one without the 
fillers? We hear that the fillers double 
the profit until they are cut out, but then 
the permanent trees do not grow as fast 
and make the returns they do in orchards 
without fillers, as the soil they spread 
their roots into and draw from is exhausted 
by the- fillers. 
Ans. —The principle of fillers in apple 
orchards is all right, but serious mis¬ 
takes are made in carrying it into prac¬ 
tice. The worst mistake is to fill in 
with peach trees, and another is too 
close planting. When I began planting 
an orchard in Kansas 38 years ago this 
Spring, I planted the first one of which 
I have any knowledge, embracing the 
plan of setting permanent trees with 
temporary ones between them. If there 
were earlier efforts, I do not know of 
them. My plan was to set such varie¬ 
ties as would come into bearing at 
about the usual age two rods apart 
and between them other varieties that 
would come into bearing very early, 
making the orchard, with fillers com¬ 
plete, stand one rod or I&V 2 feet apart. 
1 he fillers, which were mostly Mis¬ 
souri, which is a very early bearer, be¬ 
gan to bear profitable crops at four years 
from planting, but the trees proved to 
be too close to stand long enough to 
give the crops that they should bear 
before the time came to cut them out. 
1 hey should have been set 20 feet in¬ 
stead of 16*4 feet, which would have 
given time for about ten crops of ap¬ 
ples on the fillers before they crowded 
the permanent trees; and this distance 
would have allowed 40 feet apart for 
the latter, which is none too much. 
When I was in the Pacific Northwest 
last year I very carefully investigated 
the facts as to the distances apart of 
apple and other trees as they actually 
stood and their conditions as to growth, 
bearing and the state of the trees, and 
am fully convinced that my former 
opinion that 40 feet apart for perma¬ 
nent apple trees and 20 feet for the 
fillers is too close and that 50 and 25 
feet is far better. And this is true for 
most of the Eastern States, I also 
feel sure. 
A part of my orchards in Kansas 
were set with peach trees as fillers, and 
the same distance was used as for the 
part entirely in apple trees. This part 
of the plan was a great mistake. The 
peach trees grew faster than the apple 
trees and soon began -to injure them. 
They needed different tillage and spray¬ 
ings and proved to be out of place in 
the apple orchard. In addition to my 
own experience, it has been my privi¬ 
lege to observe the facts of growing 
peaches and apples together in many 
sections of the country, and in no case 
have I been pleased with the plan. This 
is the testimony of about all fruit¬ 
growers whom I have heard express 
themselves on the subject. It is a bad 
plan, but there are occasional cases 
where it has worked out well, accord¬ 
ing to the statements of a few. How¬ 
ever, there is little reason to grow these 
two fruits in a mixed orchard, and it 
should not be done. Permanent and 
temporary apple trees in the same or¬ 
chard are all right, and they should be 
planted so, provided space enough is 
given and if the fillers are cut out in 
good time. h. e. van deman. 
Hens and Peach Trees. 
B., Torrington, Conn. —1. I have read 
that a heu yard is not good for peach 
trees. If the yards were so large that 
the hens left much of the grass, would 
the soil he likely to he too rich for them ? 
2. Can you tell me whether the now spray 
for weeds would be likely to discourage 
quack grass or small bushes such as pink 
and white hardback? 
Ans. — 1. The trouble with hens in a 
peach orchard is that the hens roost 
in the trees. Thus a good share of the 
droppings will be found under the trees, 
and, as hen manure is rich in nitrogen, 
this gives too much of wood growth. 
The peach is very susceptible to this, 
and cannot stand over feeding. Plum 
and apple can be planted in hen yards, 
for they are not so easily hurt by forc¬ 
ing. 2. 1 he sulphate of iron spray will 
damage the grass and shrubs, but will 
not probably destroy them. 
“Bill, what share did you get of your 
grandfather’s estate?” “I got what was 
left after every other feller had been 
provided fur.” “Then you are the resi¬ 
duary legatee.” “I ain’t nothin’ of the 
sort, blame ye! I’m an honest, hard 
workin’ coppersmith !”—Chicago Trib¬ 
une. 
ALPHA 
PORTLAND CEMENT 
is absolutely the best that can be made 
for all farm work. Largely used by 
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬ 
pal and Railroad work—a reputation of 
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for 
ALPHA 
Send for Booklet and learn why'it- is the best . 
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO., 
ADDRESS 
2 Center Square, EASTON, PA. 
VREELAND’S “ELECTRO” 
ARSENATE OF LEAD 
FOR DESTRUCTION OF ALL LEAF-EATING OR CHEWING INSECTS 
During three successive years has analyzed higher than any other 
brand at Experiment Stations, wherever investigated. Let us mail 
you the bulletins'and see for yourself. Send your address to-day. 
We will also be-glad to quote you on 
“Electro” Arsenate of Lead- powdered Lime-Sulphur Solution 
[ Adapted for .praying, and especially 1 
for diluting potatoes and truck cropn. J Sulphur 
“ Electro ” Bordeaux Pulp Fertilizers 
“ Electro ” Bordeaux-Lead mixture Pruning shears, knives. 
THE VREELAND CHEMICAL COflPANY 
Hudson Terminal Building 
50 CHURCH STREET, NEW YORK 
Factory : LITTLE FALLS, NEW JERSEY 
<1 Grasselli Arsenate <>/ Lead 
• .*v - • / • . J - - v .- ^ ) .. . 
H When you buy au Arsenate of Lead we know that you want the best. 
1 What we moan by the best is one that will stick to the foliage, won't burn will 
’ :°i ,e w '] ich . «!«“»*»•» ns high per cent of As20, r . (poison)'as is 
OONblblLlS L with good sticking qualities. 
If Realizing that it is these'essentials demanded in an Arsenate of Lead it is the 
aim ot tins Company to manufacture such Arsenate of Lead bringing oacli of 
the above points to the maximum value. 
H OraMelll Arsenate of Lead is guaranteed to contain not less than 154 
Arsenic Oxide. ... • - * 
f Will you write us at once for the name of nearest distributer. If, wo havo no 
one near you who handles our product, shall"'quote you very intoi-estim- 
prices direct. , .... 
K Address nearest office. 
The GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO., Cleveland, Ohio. ( 
NEW YORK CHICAGO CINCINNATI 
M a I n \ 
Office/ 
IT PATS TO SPRAY 
The Iron Arc Trow Sprayer gives 
perfect satisfaction. Puts solution, 
fust where needed and in fog-like 
inist. Pump delivers spray under 
high pressure, thus reaching every 
part of vine, effectually killing bugs 
and preventing blight, llaa 
Orchard Spraying attach¬ 
ment. Write for free 
catalog illustrate 
lng this and 
other Iron 
Ago tools. 
Iron Are 
Four-Row 
Sprayer 
Nozzle Strainer 
Prevents ClnK*lng 
BATEMAN MFG CO.. Box 102-S. GRENLOCH, N. J. 
PRATT \S 
SCALEC1DF. 
Will positively destroy SAN JOSE SCALE and all 
soft bodied sucking insects without injury to the 
tree. Simple, more effective and cheaper than 
Lime Sulphur. Not ail experiment. One radon 
makes 1 « to 2(1 itullon* spray by simply addin* water. 
Scud for Booklet, “Orchard Insurance.” 
B. G. PRATT CO.. 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY. 
SPRAY 
FRUITS AND 
, , , ■ t FIELD CROPS 
J and do whitewashing in most effectual, economical, 
minunSS* 8»tI»»otfon Ruaranteod if you u«o 
JIlvO Vi A 8 
[hand or 
I POWER m 
|N<h 1, shown hero, It fittod with Auto-Pop Nozzl*— 
I does work of :l ordinary sprayors. Endorsod hy Kx- 
/periment Stations an.l 3u i.OlW othe rs, do styles 
■sizes anil prices In our FREE HOOK —also valuablo 
I spraying guide. Wrllo postal now. 
THE E. C. BROWN COMPANY 
28 Jay St., Rochester, N. Y, 
Auto-Sprays 
1910 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS 
.M R. I RLHT GROWER, we have the two plunger 
spray pump you have been looking for connected to 
our IL and I! H. P. air-cooled engine. Eight years of 
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Outfits fully guaranteed. Write for catalogue 19. 
R.H.DEYO & CO., Binghamton,N.Y. 
THE PERFECTION SPRAYER 
Spray* Anything. Trees by hand, potatoes bv harm 
Oldest and best. Over 1000 in use. Always gives 
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THOMAS PEPPLER, Box 45, Hightstown, N. J. 
USE “CHESCO BRAND” 
ARSENATE OF LEAD 
FOR CODLING MOTH 
CHESTER COUNTY CHEMICAL COMPANY. West Chester. Pa. 
Nitrate of Soda 
The Modern High-Grade 
Fertilizer 
Cheapest, Cleanest 
Odorless 
Can be used anywhere on any crop 
Convenient for use 
Increases your farm values 
$3.00 worth of Nitrate alone on 
an acre of Grass has given an in¬ 
creased crop of iooo lbs. of barn- 
cured Hay. 
Prime hay has sold for $25 per 
ton in New York this season. 
Books on the crops which 
interest you will be sent free. 
Send name and address on Postal Card 
DR. W. S. MYERS 
Nitrate Propaganda 
71 Nassau Street, New York 
OUR NEW TRADE-MARK 
BE SURE it is on every bag of 
Fertilizer you buy, as it marks 
the genuine. 
WE OFFER 
SIX TONS 
HUBBARD’S “BONE BASE” 
Soluble Com and General Crops Manure 
AS PRIZES AT THE 
NEW ENGLAND CORN EXPOSITION 
WRITE FOR PARTICULARS 
THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO., ..„ b bard Middletown, Conn. 
Send for our Almanac telling all about the Hubbard “Bone Base" Fertilizers 
It is sent free to any address. w 
Utilize* 1 * 
