1910. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
54U 
I 
EXPLANATION OF LONGER DAYS IN 
NORTHERN COUNTRIES. 
J. A. II., Graham, Wash .—I wish to ask 
you a question that no doubt is of much 
interest to many if they stop to think 
about it, which I never did until coming 
into this Northwest country and hearing 
so much of the Alaska country with its 
daylight all night. Why is it so? Day¬ 
light is much longer here than in New 
York. 
Ans. —During every day in the year 
one-half of the earth’s surface is in 
continuous sunshine, and if the earth’s 
axis were at right angles to its orbit 
even- day in the year, except at the 
poles, would have 12 hours of sunshine 
and 12 hours of night, because in that 
case every parallel of latitude would be 
divided into two equal parts, one-half of 
each being in sunshine and the other 
half in darkness, and, as the earth re- 
the days are longer in Summer than in 
Winter; why the days are increasing 
longer as you go toward the pole in the 
Summer; why we have long twilights 
in high latitudes and why our year has 
four seasons. 
It is worth while to state, in this con¬ 
nection, that the greater number of 
hours of continuous sunshine, during 
each day, in far north countries like 
Sweden, Norway, Finland and in North 
America in the rapidly developing Sas¬ 
katchewan country, makes it possible to 
develop crops there in a smaller number 
of days than is required farther south. 
When each 24 hours has 14 to 17 hours 
of continuous sunshine, instead of 12 to 
13 hours, and when it is remembered 
that sunshine, even more than tempera¬ 
ture, is required to make crops, we need 
MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH. Fig. 211 
volves uniformly upon its axis, every 
place on each parallel of latitude would 
be 12 hours in sunshine and 12 hours 
out of it. 
But because the earth’s axis is in¬ 
clined- 23.5 degrees toward the plane of 
its orbit, during that portion of the year 
when the north pole is turned toward 
the sun, more than one-half of the 
northern hemisphere is continuously in 
sunshine, and the area which is contin¬ 
uously in sunshine becomes increasingly 
greater until the sun appears to have 
reached its northernmost point in the 
sky. At this time all places in the north¬ 
ern hemisphere have their longest day 
and shortest night. . If more than half 
of the northern hemisphere is in the 
sunshine during the Summer half of the 
year more than half of each parallel of 
latitude must be in the sunshine and, 
since the rotation of the earth is uni¬ 
form. it must require more time for 
each place to pass through the sunshine 
portion of the parallel than is required 
to carry it through the night portion. 
When the sun is 20 degrees north of 
the equator, in latitude 30°, 8/l4.of that 
parallel is in sunshine and only 6/14 in 
darkness, and hence the day, for all 
places on that parallel, for that date, is 
13 hours and 42 minutes long and the 
night only 10 hours and 18 minutes 
long; but in 60° north latitude 10/14 of 
that parallel is in sunshine on the day 
that the sun is 20 degrees north of the 
equator and 4/14 in darkness, speaking 
in approximate numbers, and there are 
in this latitude on that day 17 hours, 
24 minutes of sunshine, with only six 
hours, 36 minutes of night. As you go 
still farther north the sunshine portion 
of the day is increasingly longer until 
finally a point is reached where the sun 
is continually above the horizon during 
a number of consecutive days, the time 
being longest at the pole. For the same 
reason that the sun is longer above the 
horizon during the Summer portion of 
the year north of the equator, the dura¬ 
tion of twilight must also be longer, 
and increasingly so as you progress 
from the equator toward the pole, and 
places much farther south than those 
which have sunshine all night have twi¬ 
light all night. With these statements 
the accompanying illustration, Fig. 217, 
will make clear why we have equal days 
and nights in the Spring and Fall; why 
not be so much surprised at the agri¬ 
cultural results which arc obtained in 
far north countries and when it is 
realized that nearly all of Denmark, all 
of Scotland, part of Ireland and the 
southern portion of Norway and Sweden 
are between five and 10 degrees, or be¬ 
tween 350 and 700 miles, farther north 
than the northern boundary cf the 
United States, we need not be surprised 
that so much is hoped for AJberta and 
Saskatchewan in Canada. The table be¬ 
low gives the number of hours of sun¬ 
shine in each 24 hours, in latitudes 30, 
40, 50 and 60 degrees, on the days when 
the sun is 10 degrees and 20 degrees, 
respectively, north of the equator: 
In 
When sun is 
north of the equator 
latitude 
10 degrees 20 degrees 
hr.—min, 
hr.— 
-min. 
30° 
12—52 
13- 
-42 
40° 
13—14 
14- 
-24 
50° 
13—44 
15- 
-34 
00° 
14—32 
17- 
-24 
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