1910 . 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
606 
SMALL EGGS. 
I have about 500 White Leghorn hens, 
two years old. I feed dry mash in hop¬ 
pers, a mixture of wheat bran, cornmeal, 
ground oats and beef scrap; whole grain 
night and morning, mixture of wheat and 
oats; keep oyster shells and grit in hoppers, 
and feed green cut bone about three times 
a week. I get from 240 to 280 eggs per 
day, a great many of which are very small. 
Can you tell me why the eggs are small? 
Alexandria, Va. J. R. 
These hens are being fed all right 
except that nothing is said about green 
feed. If they have a good range of 
grass the eggs should not be small, 
unless they are nearly laid out, which 
would hardly seem possible, and unless 
they have a grass range I would feed 
green cut clover or Alfalfa to them. 
FLOYD Q. WHITE. 
CEMENT FLOOR FOR INCUBATOR HOUSE. 
I expect to build a new henhouse soon 
for my wife to keep little chicks in, using 
one room to set hens. I had intended 
putting cement floor under both rooms, but 
some of my neighbors say that eggs will 
not hatch to do any good with cement 
door in room where hens are set. I would 
like to hear from some who have tried it. 
LaGrange, Mo. a. b. 
Why won’t they hatch? If incu¬ 
bators will do well in a cement floored 
room a hen should do better. The trou¬ 
ble is that a cement floor keeps out all 
dampness, and the remedy is simple. 
Keep a fine rose sprinkler handy and 
sprinkle the floor often. It is also a 
good plan to cut some sods for the bot¬ 
tom of the nests. Cement floor is the 
only floor for a chicken house, and will 
protect them from all vermin except lice 
and mites, and helps us to fight these 
by having no cracks for them to hide in 
or to breed from. Another thing; never 
keep chicks or hens on a bare floor of 
any kind; keep some litter or sand on 
the floor always. floyd q. white. 
THE MASSACHUSETTS MILK SITUATION. 
The milk situation in eastern Massachu¬ 
setts is very unsatisfactory at this time. 
Many of us are holding our milk from the 
contractors, as we do not think they offer 
a living price. The contractors at present 
are obtaining their supply from New York 
State on the West and other distant points 
on the north and east, and paying more for 
same in cost and cartage than we are ask¬ 
ing. The milk supply will be diminished 
quite a good deal, whatever' the outcome 
of the strike. Many will sell such cows 
as are anyway fit to kill, and some will 
sell nearly all : others will make butter 
and use the skim-milk to feed other animals 
for meat, which will pay as well as the 
price the contractors wish to pay us. In 
the late Summer the contractors will be 
hot after more milk than they can get in 
their usual territory. In this way, they 
are cutting their own throats. They buy 
the milk on a contract, each dairy to sup¬ 
ply so many cans a month for six or eight 
months. This may be 2% or 20 or more, 
according to size of dairy; a certain lee¬ 
way is given. If a dairy signs a contract 
for five cans of 8% quarts they can send 
as low as 132 % or as high as 170 cans 
during any one month at the contract price. 
If the contractors have too much milk or 
more than they use in regular trade in 
any month, and a dairy sends more than 
said 170 cans, the dairyman gets one cent 
a can less than contract price. If he sends 
more than 179 cans he gets two cents a 
can less, and so on, the more he sends the 
less he gets. This applies to every can 
sent in the month, not just the extra ones. 
If, on the other hand, the contractors are 
not getting enough milk to supply their 
regular trade, and the producer’s dairy does 
not send his 132% cans in that month, he 
gets the one cent or two cents or more, 
less his contract price a can, according to 
what he may send. A dairyman may at 
time of making the contract be making a 
certain number of cans a day and think 
he will make the same during the term of 
the contract. Some of his cows may go 
back on him in some way, or a bad drought 
may affect the feed when he happens to 
have no green feed to help out. Then his 
supply drops below his contract number, 
and in many such cases he gets a very low 
price for this month’s milk, just the time 
he probably needs it the most. I have 
known of dairies receiving less than 14 
cents a can for the extra milk they sent 
when the regular contract price was around 
30 cents. One case a man contracted to 
send four cans. In May, 1909, he could 
only send 122% ; he sent 160. At the 
regular price of 25 cents the 122% cans 
would bring $31. For the 160 at 22 cents 
lie receives $35.20, leaving $4.20 for 36 
can* of milk, or 11 2/3 cents each. The 
inspection of dairies is mostly made by 
inspectors working for and paid by the 
contractors, and in most cases they are 
reasonable. The contractors badger the 
dairies any chance they get and some times 
make chances, claiming milk is not up to 
standard, or cans are not full and in other 
ways. It has been a common practice to 
return much milk as sour when it got too 
plentiful. All these things cause dissatis¬ 
faction and bad feeling amongst the farm¬ 
ers for the contractors. Unless we win 
some concession and an advance in price, 
it seems the milk business as a business 
is bound to decrease rapidly, and the con¬ 
tractors will be obliged to go back long 
distances after most of their milk as a 
permanent thing, and at a greater cost to 
them. A. E. PROCTOR. 
Massachusetts. N 
AILING ANIMALS. 
Lumpy Jaw. 
I have a young cow with a bunch on 
her jaw; it has been growing for about 
a year. It has broken and runs some¬ 
what. A few days ago I discovered an¬ 
other young cow with lump on under jaw ; 
it is hard and seems to grow from bone. 
Is it contagious, and do you know a rem¬ 
edy for it? g. s. s. 
Vermont. 
The disease is not spread from one cow 
to another, but is due to the infective 
fungus (actinomyces) on grass, cereals, etc. 
The diseased parts should be dissected out 
when loose from the bone and the wound 
well cauterized by the operator. If the 
bone is involved, better sell to the dealer 
in “canner” cows. The disease does not 
affect the milk, nor the meat, so long as 
the animal is in good flesh and not run 
down from an aggravated state of the 
disease. Paint thg lump on heifer once 
daily with tincture of iodine until it soft¬ 
ens and can be freely opened. Where a 
tumor is present without pus dissection 
is in order. a. s. a. 
Poor Milking Sow. 
Will you tell me what I can do to bring 
a one-year-old sow to her milk? She has 
only six pigs four weeks old, but they 
look as if they were half starved. Sow 
is purebred Duroc, and gets corn, clover, 
shorts and bran mixed. I would buy any¬ 
thing that you think would be beneficial. 
Ohio. e. w. 
Better wean the pigs and feed them on 
milk and meal. It will not pay to let 
them starve while you are trying to get 
the sow to give a plentiful supply of milk ; 
neither do we believe it possible to have 
her prove a good mother at this stage of 
lactation. Dry her off, and either sell 
her or try her once more as a mother. 
Do not feed corn. Give nitrogenous foods 
and let her live an outdoor life on grass, 
clover, rape, etc. a. s. a. 
Scours. 
Will you tell me the best cure for the 
scours caused by changing a calf from 
one cow to another? j. s. f. 
Pennsylvania. 
Give a full dose (two to four ounces) 
of a mixture of equal parts of sweet oil 
and castor oil shaken up in milk and fol¬ 
low with a teaspoonful three times daily 
of a mixture of one part salol and two 
parts sub-nitrate of bismuth placed in 
mouth and washed down with milk or 
water. Where a calf grows very weak 
with scours add half an ounce of good 
brandy each time the powder is given. 
a. s. A. 
Garget. 
I have a cow that freshened last week, 
having second calf. The right front quar¬ 
ter of the udder was swollen quite hard. 
The teat feels as though there are cords 
in it, and only gives a little thick milk. 
I have given her some doses of salts and 
bathed the udder with hot salt water with 
camphorated oil in it, but it does not seem 
to help very much. Please state remedy 
for it. j. s. 
New Jersey. 
Give a tablespoonful of saltpeter twice 
daily in the feed or drinking water. Fo¬ 
ment the udder with hot water twice daily, 
and then rub well with a mixture of equal 
parts of sweet oil and fluid extract of 
poke root and belladonna leaves. It may 
be necessary to use a sterilized milking tube 
to .open the teat duct. a. s. a, 
Grease Heel. 
Can you give me a remedy for grease 
heel? We have a nine-year-old mare that 
has been troubled with this disease for 18 
months. She was very thin about eight or 
10 weeks ago, and I saw your advice on 
giving one ounce of Fowler's solution of 
arsenic; this has made quite a change in 
her. IIow long can I use this medicine 
in safety or will it be against the grease 
heel healing up? We have spent about $35 
or $40 trying to get her cured, but all failed. 
Virginia. w. h. c. 
The disease is a most obstinate one, and 
rarely subsides while the afflicted animal is 
fed grain and other rich foods. It is best 
to put the mare on grass without other food 
and during Winter feed on corn fodder and 
hay without grain. The arsenic is beneficial, 
and can be kept up indefinitely, or until 
complete recovery; but it must never be 
stopped suddenly. One has gradually to 
discontinue its use, taking 10 days or so 
to the job. In addition to the internal use 
of arsenic keep the part saturated with a 
weak solution of concentrated lye on cotton 
waste. Strengthen the solution gradually if 
found necessary. a. S. a. 
Imperfect Udder. 
I have a two-year-old heifer that fresh¬ 
ened April 21, and does not give any milk 
from one side of her udder. The udder 
seems to be all right, but the teats are limp 
and no milk has ever come through them, 
although there seems to be plenty in the 
udder. It does not cake. She has not been 
injured in any way. Can you give me any 
idea what the trouble is, and if there is 
any cure for her? If not, how can she be 
dried off? Will she be healthy enough for 
beef? I would like to save her, for she is 
from valuable stock. a. e. b. 
It is likely that the teat ducts are not 
open, and so milk cannot come from the 
quarters involved. If the very greatest care 
is taken to use sterilized instruments, it may 
be possible to open the ducts and then draw 
off the milk with a sterilized milking tube, 
and afterward insert dilators to keep the 
ducts open daily until they remain open. 
In a great many cases so treated infection 
occurs and the quarters become badly af¬ 
fected with purulent mammitis and are lost. 
The case should not be treated by anyone 
other than a graduate veterinarian. The 
heifer might he fattened for beef, as the 
meat would be perfectly good. a. s. a. 
Cow Milks Herself. 
Do you know of any way to stop a cow 
from sucking herself? I have a strap over 
her head with a pole running from this 
between her legs tied to a belly band around 
her body. This prevents it, but her head 
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is in one position, which seems to me to 
be cruel, and in fly time will he more so. 
This is her first calf, and she did not com¬ 
mence it for three months after she had 
her calf. She is a valuable cow, and I 
hate to beef her. h. l. w. 
Maryland. 
A large number of remedies have been 
tried with more or less success, such as 
smearing the teats with pungent or ill-tast¬ 
ing substances, putting an iron bit in the 
cow’s mouth, etc., but the most practical 
device seems to be one of the standard calf 
weaners, sold by hardware and farm supply 
stores and mail-order houses. This fits in 
the nose like a removable bull ring, and has 
spikes on the sides or some other arrange¬ 
ment that prevents the row from getting 
at her teats. As a rule, tho habit is a 
difficult one to cure so that it stavs cured. 
250,000,000, 
Sheep Every Year 
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SCHIEFFELI N & COMPANY, 
_1170 William Street, New York City. 
The New York State Experi- 
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seems to be the best commercial substitute 
in the nature of grain, for skimmed milk on 
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Schumacher Calf Meal 
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Stock Farm, Almond, N. Y.; Bonny Mead Farms, Harrisburg, Pa.; Wing 
R. Smith, Syracuse, N. Y.; E. A. Vandervort, Sidney, N. Y.; Stevens 
Brothers-Hasting Co., Liverpool and Laconia, N. Y.; Horace L. Bronson, 
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Schumacher Calf Meal is a scientific combination of pure oatmeal and 
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Officially 
