824 
5T H IrC RURAL NKW-VORKKR 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
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SPRAYING FOR CODLING MOTH. 
I was much interested in the quotation 
from Prof. Gillette of Colorado on 
“Spraying for the Codling Moth,” on 
page 564. It was sound advice, our last 
year’s work so proves. To substantiate it, 
and because it is timely, I give the results 
of our experience a year ago. These have 
been spoken of by Dr. Felt and myself 
at several horticultural meetings, and to 
some extent written of in other publica¬ 
tions, but I want the large family of R.- 
N. Y. readers who have not heretofore 
heard or read of it, to have the benefit. 
There is a factor of which Prof. Gil¬ 
lette does not speak, and while it in no 
way militates against what he says, it is 
important. I refer to the kind of poison. 
For several years we had not been en¬ 
tirely satisfied with the results obtained 
in spraying for Codling moth. Two years 
ago we noticed that orchards sprayed 
with arsenate of lead were more free 
from worms than where any other pois¬ 
on was used. Prof. Melander of Oregon 
claimed that the important thing was to 
force the poison into the lower calyx 
cavities, this to be done with a coarse 
spray, from a Bordeaux type of nozzle, 
with 200 pounds pressure behind it. 
Trees so sprayed,- when the calyx cups 
were open, had 90 per cent of worm- 
free fruit with one spraying. In addition 
to the time and kind of poison, the 
coarse spray and high pressure were the 
points on which he laid particular stress. 
Dr. E. P. Felt, State Entomologist, was 
anxious to prove the truth of this state¬ 
ment, for if a high pressure only gave 
results, it was important the fruit grow¬ 
ers should know it. Hence a scries of 
experiments were made in the orchards 
of W. C. Hart of Poughkeepsie, and in 
my own. Substantially they were the 
same. Without going into detail, in a 
general way I will describe those made 
here. Shortly after the blossoms fell, 
four blocks of 17-year-old trees were 
selected, 42 in a block. All except one 
block of Greenings were Baldwins. The 
six center trees were taken as tests in 
each block, the whole 42 receiving the 
same treatment. The first block was 
sprayed with from 60 to SO pounds 
pressure, at the pump, and with a Ver- 
morel or mist type of nozzle. The cups 
were filled, but very few had any poison 
in the lower cavity. The next had the 
same pressure, using a coarse or Bor¬ 
deaux type of nozzle. Not many more 
lower cavities were filled than before. 
The third had the same nozzle with 100 
to 125 pounds pressure. There were a 
few more lower cavities filled, but not 
many compared with the total number. 
On the fourth, we used the coarse spray 
with not less than 160 and most of the 
time 200 pounds pressure, Melander's 
way. With this the bulk of the lower 
cavities were filled. In each case, we 
used three pounds of 15 per cent arsen¬ 
ate of lead to 50 gallons of Bordeaux, 
2-3-50. The coarse spray required much 
more time and material, as well as care, 
thoroughly to cover the trees. 
Results. —In September, all the apples 
which bad dropped were picked up, 
counted and examined for worms, not a 
difficult job, for although the trees were 
filled there were not many on the ground 
even after a high ■ wind. Apples drop 
easily when they ripen prematurely, be¬ 
cause they are infested with worms. 
When the fruit was mature, that from 
each tree was picked by itself, and with 
that from the ground was counted. This 
was a big job, for the trees were loaded. 
Dr. Felt said he would have no guess¬ 
work or estimate. The wormy specimens 
were examined to see what proportion 
bad holes where the insects entered in 
the sides, indicating a second brood. To 
my surprise there was no difference be¬ 
tween the blocks receiving the high or 
low pressure, or where the fine or coarse 
spray was used. No tree had over three 
per cent, of wormy fruit, 97 to 98 per cent, 
of all the fruit the tree bore was abso¬ 
lutely free from worms, with one spray¬ 
ing. A significant fact was brought out 
by one tree in the high pressure block, 
which—from the tower—appeared to the 
writer to be well covered, but pro¬ 
nounced by the entomologist under the 
tree, to have less spray than the rest. 
This was made a note of, and was found 
to have two per cent, more wormy apples 
than any tree in all of the test plots, and 
it brought the average of that block down 
slightly lower than the rest. Three trees 
in the midst of the orchard were left un¬ 
sprayed. These had thirty per cent of 
wormy fruit. Doubtless standing in the 
center of a thoroughly sprayed orchard 
they were less affected than had there 
not been a wholesale destruction of moths 
on adjoining trees. Only a few apples 
were entered from the side, indicating 
a light late infection. The results in 
Mr. Hart’s orchards were almost iden¬ 
tical, with less than one per cent in every 
case. Dr. Felt informs me that ento¬ 
mologists in West Virginia and Con¬ 
necticut had similar experiences, all 
proving that the important thing is not 
the pressure of nozzle, but thorough 
covering of the trees within a week or 
10 days after blossoms fall. The arsen¬ 
ate of lead adheres when Paris green or 
other insoluble poisons are washed off, 
or out by the first rain. If practically all 
the first brood is killed at this time there 
will be few young coming from them, to 
do damage when they mature to form 
a late or second brood. From the stand¬ 
point of economy of material as well as 
time, and thorough work, the fine spray 
is to be commended, except on trees so 
high as only to be reached by a coarse 
one. Further, when we used the coarse 
spray and high pressure, we had many 
more apples rusted with Bordeaux. In¬ 
cidentally I may remark, that this year 
we are using a one to 30 solution of 
commercial lime and sulphur, in com¬ 
bination with arsenate of lead, instead 
of Bordeaux. edward van alstyne. 
Wheat Killed in Pennsylvania. 
In regard to the statement of Geo. 
Roberts, page 542, that the winter-killed 
wheat was due to a lack of humus in 
the soil, I don’t know what the con¬ 
ditions were in Tennessee and Kentucky, 
but in our section it was not a matter 
of upheaval or freezing out, but the 
ground was coated with from two to 
six inches of solid ice, and the wheat 
was either smothered under the ice or 
frozen to death. So far as I have ob¬ 
served there has been scarcely any 
wheat “frozen out” in our section 
(southern Pennsylvania), but a large 
amount has been killed as stated above. 
Huntington Co., Pa. j. L. 
R. N.-Y.— The conditions in Tennessee 
were different from yours. There the 
condition of the soil was very largely 
responsible. They did not have the solid 
ice over the surface, which seems to 
have killed your wheat. 
A Talk About Asparagus. 
L. R., Louisville, Ky .—Will self-sown as¬ 
paragus make good plants for future use? 
What is the largest, sweetest and best 
variety to grow for such “grass" as I hear 
and read about occasionally that grows to 
be 10 to 14 inches long and an inch and 
more in diameter? Where can I obtain seed 
or plants that will produce such “grass?” 
IIow is the soil prepared; what variety is 
planted: how far apart, are the plants? 
What fertilizer is used? IIow many stalks 
are called a bunch? 
Ans. —Self-sown asparagus seed, or 
plants from self-sown seed, might be 
transplanted, but it would be better to 
sow seed in drills, so the small rootlets 
would not be disturbed in transplant¬ 
ing. The largest and best asparagus is 
the Reading Giant, with Argenteuil a 
close second. In order to grow aspara¬ 
gus at its best it is important to prepare 
June 4, 
the land for one or two years in advance. 
Fine results were obtained by the follow¬ 
ing method. Three acres of poor sandy 
land were plowed in the Spring and 
harrowed very thoroughly till about July 
1 to kill witch grass that was very 
abundant, then buckwheat was sown 
broadcast two bushels to the acre, and 
harrowed and rolled. When the buck¬ 
wheat was three and one-half to four 
feet high, it was plowed in, using a heavy 
log chain to turn it under. After har¬ 
rowing r}'e was sown and allowed to 
grow all Winter for a cover crop. In 
the Spring the rye was plowed und'er 
and the asparagus set in rows four feet 
apart and two feet apart in the rows. 
The fertilizer formula was as follows: 
1.000 pounds fine ground bone, 2,000 
lime, 400 muriate of potash, 300 nitrate 
of soda per acre, well harrowed in. This 
formula for New England might not be 
right for other sections of the country. 
Massachusetts asparagus put up for the 
Boston market weighs one and one- 
quarter pounds to the bunch, three dozen 
in a bushel box. “Jersey grass” for 
Boston market weighs twice as much 
per bunch, and a crate holds one dozen. 
Massachusetts asparagus growers make 
two sortings of grass, large and small, 
called also giant and common. Giant 
runs about eight to 16 stalks to a bunch 
of one and one-quarter pounds. Giant 
sells for $6 to $8 per box of three 
dozen, common for $3 to $6. When 
setting an asparagus bed be sure to get 
good stock. This is the keynote to suc¬ 
cess. One cannot be too particular when 
late up-to-date experiments have shown 
that five rows of Argenteuil cut nine 
times as much “Giant” as five rows 
of another variety under identical con¬ 
ditions. c. W. PRESCOTT. 
Massachusetts. 
I!i e Ireland Geared Hoist 
Designed especially for 
i unloading hay with stan¬ 
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Operated entirely by 
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Drum holds 240 feet of I -inch rope. State 
power and speed of engine.also size of pulley, 
we will then furnish the required pulley. 
Price $25.00 F. 0. 6. Norwich, N. V. 
IRELAND MACHINE & FOUNDRY CO. 
14 State Street, Norwich, N. Y., U. S. A. 
SELLING OUT AT COST. 
A $15.00 HAY RACK ONLY $8.00. 
To close out our stock at once, we 
offer these racks at the very low 
price of $8.00, f. o. b. cars here. 
Send money with order. Shipped 
"knocked down,’’ to reduce 
freight; complete directions for 
setting tip. Rack is 7 ft. wide, ad¬ 
justable from 12 to 10 ft. long by simply changing 
len.ali of wagon. Built for wagon 38 inches be- 
j tWJen stakes, but can be varied a little Order 
' to day. Prompt shipment. Satisfaction guaran- 
te sd. PA PEC MACHINE CO., Shortsville, N. Y. 
rHAY CAPS 
Stack Covers, Wagon Covers, 
Waterproof or Plain Canvas 
for Farmers, etc. Plant Bed Cloth. 
HENRY DERBY 
123 Chambers St., New York 
DON’T neglect to find out nl»out 
The Acre-An-Hour Nil ter, 
the new Invention. Applies dry 
Bordeanx, Cement, Lime, Plaster or 
Screened Ashes witn Paris Green to 
Potatoes, Cucumbers, Currants, etc., 
as fast as a man can walk. Covers 
instantly and perfectly plant r. ft. in 
diameter: one man can treat an acre 
in one to tw-» hour*. Best implement 
for the business ever invented. Sam¬ 
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only, buyer’s risk, $ 1 . Splendid in¬ 
ducement to agents. ACRF.-A N-IlUUR 
SIFTFK CO.j Poughkeepsie, X. V. 
“A Gold Mine On Your Farm” 
is the title of the most complete and 
comprehensive illustrated Treatise on the 
subject of spraying, with tables of costs 
and formulae. The result of actual use 
at the leading Agricultural Experiment 
Stations, tells of the SPHAMOTOR, 
the “ Gold Medal ” machine at the Pan- 
American and National Horticultural 
Congress, 1908, 1909. Eighty-four copy¬ 
righted pages. We mail it free. Ask for it. 
E. H. HEARD, 
1352 Erie Street, BUFFALO. N. Y. 
Martin Fertilizers 
Again in the lead as Crop Producers and enricbers 
of the soil. Manufactured from the by-products 
of our own seven large abattoirs and stockyards, 
they are every pound a fertilizer, containing 
double the value of rock, rock-base, leather and 
cheap materials fertilizer. No cheap filler or 
make weight used in our brands. Animal Bone 
fertilizers are the best and cheapest, experience 
having proven their power to build up and enrich 
the soil for the after crops. We want responsible 
agents. 
D. B. MARTIN CO., 706 Penn Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES 
have been built up by quality trees from a small 
beginning to the largest nursery in America—more 
than 2000 acres devoted to growing trees, plants, 
vines and ornamental stock. Bny of a responsible 
grower and get what you pay for. Address 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, 
Box 421, Berlin, Md. 
inn nnn UTE CABBAGE PLANTS-A Iso Celery Plants 
lUU.UUU f or S!4 | e . Will i )e ready to ship soon. 
Let your orders come. DAVID RODWAY, Hartly, Del. 
IAPANPCP MILLET— Recleaned Seed, $1.25 a l>u. 
JHlHIl LOL R. TEMPLETON & SON, Ulster, Pa. 
450,000 Stone Tomato 
PLANTS, ready 
May 20th, aud 
throughout Jnne. 750,000 Sweet Potato plants, 
ready May 5th. Pepper, Celery and Cabbage plants 
in their season. Send for price list to-day, 
CALEB BOGGS & SON, Cheswold, Del. 
V EGETABLE PLANTS— Cftbbase Plants, $1 per 1,000. 
Tomatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Peppers and Eggplants, $2 per 
1,000. Cauliflower,$2.50 per 1,000. J. C. SCHMIDT, Bristol, Pa. 
PEACH TREES 
FALL 1910 SPRING 1911 
We are prepared to quote prices and enter 
orders now for just what you want of our 
own grown trees. Don’t be disappointed 
again the coining season but order now. 
JOS. H. BLACK. SON & CO., HIGHTSTOWN, N. J. 
CABBAGE PUKTS-SS.-^KS.^ 
Plants; catalog free. Glick's Seed Farms, Lancaster, Pa. 
F OR SALE— 900,000 Sweet Potato Plants and Tomato 
Plants; Asparagus Roots. Send for price list, 
free. MICHAEL N. BORGO, Vineland, N. .1. 
ONE QUART OF STRAWBERRIES T0EA011 
KEVITT'S SYSTEM. 
Catalogue. T. C. 
PLANT 
Send for my Mid-Summer 
KEVITT, Atlienia, N. J. 
SWEET POTATO PLANTS 
I 500,000 Jersey 'i ellow sprouts grown from selected 
I seed. $1.50 per thousand. 
JOHN CA8AZZA, Vineland, N. J. 
■—- — — - - 
FflR QAI C— Charleston Wakefield, Eaifiy Snm- 
rUn OnLL met Cabbage, Earliana, Jewel, 
June Pink, Stone, Beauty and Globe Tomatoes, 1000, 
$0.00. Hothouse grown, transplanted into fiats, 
frame hardened. Fine stock. Knocked out, packed 
securely, safe arrival and satisfaction guara -teed. 
F. K. PECKHAM, Norwich. Conn. 
Cabbage Plants 
EXKIIUIZEN’S GLORY (the world’s best cab¬ 
bage), grown from extra selected seed, my own 
importation, direct from introducers in Holland, of 
this truly wonderful cabbage, l.OOO, $1.50; 
5,000, $6.00. All Head Early, Early Summer, 
Succession, Winningstadt, Suiehead, Late Flat 
Dutch. Drumhead, Perfection Drumhead Savoy, 
Red Rock, Danish Bal 1 Head 1.000, $ 1; 5,000, $1; 
10,000, $7.50. Catalog—Seeds,Bulbs, Plants.free. 
J. AUG. DRAKE, SEEDSMAN 
lOO Main Street, Chester, N. J. 
Dreer’s Garden Supplies 
Write to-day for our Tool Catalogue of Garden Imple¬ 
ments; Dreer Lawn Mower, Lawn Rollers, Rakes, etc., 
also. Fertilizers for Lawn and Garden. 
Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Liberal commissions paid for selling SANDOW ENGINES. 
Opportunity to earn your own engine. Agents furnished with 
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DETROIT MOTOR CAR SUPPLY COMPANY 
6 Canton Ave., Detroit, Mich., U. S. A, 
