I91 0. 
THE RURAIj NEW-YORKER 
733 
BUTTER DEFECTS; 
The whey of our buttermilk separates 
from curd in 12 hours after churning, and 
butter has disagreeable taste. What is the 
cause 1 E. d. 
West Virginia. 
Have all milking utensils and every¬ 
thing which conies in contact with the 
cream thoroughly cleaned and scalded. 
If pans or cooling cans are used, they 
should he placed- in a cool airy room or 
cellar, and not allowed to stand more 
than 36 hours before skimming. Churn 
often, keeping the cream in the mean¬ 
time as cold as possible, until about 12 
hours before churning, when a starter— 
consisting of good fresh buttermilk or 
sour milk—may be stirred into it. A 
half pint of starter is sufficient for a 
gallon of cream. After the starter is 
added warm the cream to about 70° F. 
It should be well ripened in 12 hours, 
and may be then cooled down to churn¬ 
ing temperature. If this treatment fails 
to bring good buttermilk and good but¬ 
ter, try the following: Twelve hours be¬ 
fore churning heat the cream to a tem¬ 
perature of 160° F., holding it there for 
20 minutes, then cool down to 70°, add 
the starter, and proceed as before. See 
that the cows are in good health. 
c. S. M. 
Testing Butter for Fat. 
What should be the difference in butter 
fat test between a fresh sample of milk and 
a composite 15-day sample? Should not 
the composite test show the same results 
as an average of fresh samples taken and 
ested daily? G. G. 
Greenwich, N. Y. s 
In theory, the composite test should 
show the same result as an average of 
fresh samples taken and tested daily. In 
practice, T have found that the composite 
test is somewhat lower than the daily 
average. This may be due to the diffi¬ 
culty of thoroughly mixing the cream 
with the milk in the composite sample 
before testing. It is always advisable to 
place the bottle containing the composite 
sample in warm water for a few min¬ 
utes before using the pipette—a tem¬ 
perature of 111)^ F. will be sufficient. 
This will dissolve the cream so that it 
will mix readily with the milk. 
C. S. M. 
PASTURE GRASSES FOR PENNSYLVANIA. 
Reader, Pennsylvania .—What combina¬ 
tion of grass seeds should I use in seeding 
to permanent pasture on hillside farms in 
Pennsylvania ? I understand that by sow¬ 
ing a variety of seeds we can have a suc¬ 
cession that will extend the life of a pas¬ 
ture. 
There is very little experimental data 
bearing on this question and it must be 
obvious to every thinking man that the 
character of the soil will be the domin¬ 
ant factor which will determine the best 
mixture in any particular instance. For 
such farms in general, however, 1 would 
suggest the following mixture: 
Timothy . 15 pounds 
Kentucky B'ue grass. 10 pounds 
Bed-top . 4 pounds 
Meadow fescue . 2 pounds 
Common Red clover. 4 pounds 
Alsike clover . 3 pounds 
White clover . . .. :. 2 pounds 
The Timothy and Red clover will not 
remain permanent, but are used chiefly 
to produce pasturage at as early a date 
as possible. The same will be true of 
the Alsike clover to a somewhat lesser 
extent, while the other grasses and the 
White clover generally require a longer 
time to become established, but will ul¬ 
timately become the dominant grasses 
of the permanent pasture. 
FRANK D. GARDNER. 
Penn. Agricultural College. 
A few years ago I sowed six acres to 
permanent pasture; plowed the ground 
in August, sowed to wheat about Sep- 
Jember 25, sowing five quarts Timothy 
seed per acre at the same time. The 
following Spring I sowed six quarts of 
Red clover, tw'O quarts White clover, 
four quarts natural grass, and two 
quarts Kentucky Blue grass per acre. I 
sowed about March 30 in the wheat. 
When the wheat matured w r e harvested 
it as soon as the young clover began to 
bloom a little. We clipped it with a 
mower about six inches high, left all 
lying as a mulch. The following Sum¬ 
mer we had a fine stand of Timothy 
and Red clover, which was made into 
hay; then the second crop was clipped 
again and left on field as a mulch. The 
following year there was but little Red 
clover, a fine stand of Timothy, some 
White clover, a little natural grass, and 
some Kentucky Blue grass. This was 
the last time we clipped. In about four 
years the natural grass, White clover 
and Kentucky Blue grass had crowded 
out the Timothy and Red clover. Since 
then we have a handsome pasture which 
we top-dress with a light coat of stable 
manure each season. j. Aldus herr. 
Lancaster Co., Pa. 
Apoplexy. 
I had a very fine little pig. It was 
growing nicely. 1 fed it at noon scalded 
eornineal and milk; in a few minutes it 
began squealing, and would jump witli all 
four feet off the ground, and its nose turned 
black.' It just lived two hours after it 
became sick. Can you tell me what the 
disease was, or what was the trouble? Can 
you tell what to do for pigs so affected? 
E. w. H. 
The pig had an attack of apoplexy due 
to indigestion, which likely was induced 
by over-feeding and lack of exercise. There 
is no remedy in such cases; but it is easy 
to prevent attacks by making the pig live 
out of doors as much as possible and feed¬ 
ing small amounts of nutritious food often, 
instead of large amounts at long intervals. 
Cornmeal is not a good ration for a young 
growing pig. Nitrogenous foods, such as 
middlings, ground oats (screened), bran, 
flaxseed meal and tankage, being nitrogen¬ 
ous, are preferable for growing animals. A 
little cornmeal may be added, but it should 
not form a large part of the ration. Lime 
water should be freely mixed with the slop. 
a. s. A. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
It. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 8. 
AGENTS 1344 Profit 
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L. THOMAS MF6. CO., 4265 Wayne St., Dayton, Ohio 
Write 
For Froo 
Sample 
SILOS 
Recognized as the standard because of 
their massive strength, surpassing durability, 
perfect convenience, proven merit. Used 
by U. S. Government. Send for catalog. 
HARDER MFG. CO.. Box 11. Cobleskill. N.Y. 
CLIMAX 
ENSILAGE 
CUTTERS 
Don’t buy an ensilage cutter until you have 
read our catalogue. Send for it today. 
Warsaw-Wilkinson Go. 
50 Highland Ave. 
Warsaw, N. Y. 
Spreading Lime and Commer¬ 
cial Fertilizer Broadcast 
on the Soil. 
The universal practice in European 
countries is to sow these artificial fer¬ 
tilizers broadcast, for the reason that all 
the soil is thus made equally productive, 
so that no matter in which direction the 
plant roots spread the plant food is 
there. Our farmers in this country are 
practicing this method more and more. 
Our prediction, now that there has been 
perfected a machine -that successfully 
sows in wide range of quantities such 
enrichers as granular lime, nitrate of 
soda, land plaster and all commercial 
fertilizers is that the farmers in Amer¬ 
ica will use the broadcast method. The 
machine to which we refer is the Em¬ 
pire Broadcast Fertilizer Sower, made 
by jhe American Seeding-Machine Co., 
Incorporated, Richmond, Ind. Write 
the manufacturers for a copy of their 
Empire Broadcast Fertilizer catalogue. 
After reading it, go to your retail im¬ 
plement dealer and insist on seeing the 
Empire. It is fully guaranteed and you 
run no risk in buying one.—Adv. 
MAKES LEATHER STAND THE WEATHER 
For nearly 75 years the name “Frank Miller’’ has stood among the makers and users of harness like “Sterling” on 
silverware. The same high standard adopted three- 
fourths of a century ago is maintained today. 
The Frank Miller Harness Specialties make 
harness, buggy and auto tops, fly nets, and all black 
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Economy to use them. Satisfaction assured. 
(HARNESS SOAP 
FRANK MILLER’S harness oil 
(harness dressing 
Sold By Harness Dealers, Hardware and General Stores. 
i 
PltEPARID 
lRNESI 
, OIL 
SEND FOR 
THIS BOOK 
Occasionally a dealer may try to substitute some¬ 
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recommend the old reliable Frank Miller's. 
“BLACK BEAUTY” 
We want you to have a copy of this wonderfully 
interesting book, the "Uncle Toin’g Cabin” of the 
horse. Probably no book has ever received such 
universal and unanimous praise from both the 
secular- and religious press. 
Write us to-day, mentioning this paper, and en¬ 
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you a copy of “BLACK BEAUTY,” 200 pages, colored 
covers. Don’t delay. Supply limited. 
THE FRANK MILLER CO. 
ESTABLISHED 1838 
349-351 West 36th St., New York City 
' Mahufactureo BT_ 
WHANK MILLEBPj 
A Short Catechism on Silos Free 
<J The little book asks sixteen questions, just such questions 
as any farmer contemplating buying a silo would ask us. 
The answers are full and clear and there are a few letters 
from users that tell experiences worth while. 
Here Are a Few of the Questions . . . 
AYliat is the best silo material? Why round? Of 
what use Is the matching? How long will silo last? 
What do you claim of your dipping process? Why 
not leave out the extras to meet competitors’ prices? 
Why not build a home-made one? 
Other Free Publications . . . 
Green mountain Silo Catalog, a beautiful booklet. 
List of more than a thousand users. 
The Creamery Package Mfg Co. 
338 West Street, Rutland, Vt. 
“ GREEN MOUNTAIN" SILOS MAKE MORE MILK 
31 PAPEC 
PNEUMATIC 
Ensilage Cutter 
will prepare you a better silage and fill your silo in less time, with less 
power and with less trouble to you than any other blower ensilage 
cutter made. It is the most convenient and the easiest to operate. It 
never clogs, never gets out of order, never disappoints. We guaran¬ 
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If you need an ensilage cutter you need a PAPEC. 
Send today for catalog giving full particulars. 
PAPEC MACHINE COMPANY. Box 10 Shortsville, New York. 
Our big 112-page book is free to every man who 
owns a silo or is going to own one. 
We want to tell you how to save work. time, 
money and worry, this year and every year on 
your ensilage-cutting and silo-filling. 
Send a postal now to learn about the world 
famous line of 
"OHIO 
Blower Ensilage Cutters 
—a style and size to suit you. Used and 
endorsed by most progressive Farmers 
and Dairymen as well as by nearly 
every Experiment Station. See our 
book for facts, figures, illustrations 
and letters of proof. Don’t wait 
—send a postal right now. 
Silver Mfg. Co. 
Salem, * Ohio 
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR 
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE 
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING 
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated 
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoop— 
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luUruationsl 8Ue Ch. 143 Bain St.. UbcstII]*. Sum 
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Pay Afterwards 
[ We want to prove to you that our machine* 
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haa 60 years'experience behind it—more experience 
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Our large free eatalog shows our complete line. 
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E. W. ROSS CO.Box 13 Springfiold, Ohio 
We also manufacture the Ross Silo 
SMALLEY 
SILO FILLERS 
Gearless. Immense Feeding Capacity, with the 
Strength to Support It. The Only Positive 
Force-Feed. Most Positive Re¬ 
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All the old desirable fea¬ 
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Paddle-feed-rollers.Satety- 
fly-wheel-and-pulley, Re¬ 
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Cutter*, Blower*, 
Curriers. 
HARDER MFG. CO. 
Box 11. Cobleskill, N.Y. 
