838 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
September 3, 
AMERICAN APPLE GROWERS’ CONGRESS 
The Congress was held at St. Ivouis 
August 10-11, and was quite well attended. 
The freeze in April having been the cause 
of the short crop this season, no other 
subject seemed to excite so much interest 
and bring out so spirited a discussion as 
the one of “Orchard Heating.” Goodman 
of Missouri reported the successful use of 
heaters and the saving of the crop in an 
150-acrc orchard which was located, how¬ 
ever, in a valley sheltered from the winds. 
Williamson of Illinois stated that he had 
been successful in one locality and not in 
another. Others reported experiments which 
had been carried on with a varying de¬ 
gree of success. It was the general opin¬ 
ion that while heaters may be found ef¬ 
fective in the case of ordinary frosts not 
accompanied by high winds, with the con¬ 
ditions which prevailed in Illinois at the 
time of the April freeze it was not prac¬ 
ticable to save the crop by their use. Many 
patterns of heaters were described, ranging 
from an open sheet-iron pot with a concrete 
base costing about five cents each to a sup¬ 
ply tank holding several gallons and con¬ 
nected with an open burner by a short 
piece of gas pipe having a valve in it to 
regulate the How of oil and size of flame, 
costing about 45 cents each. Numbers of 
heaters recommended to the acre ranged 
from 25 to 80. It is not advisable to use 
very small heaters, which require re-filling 
during the night, and crude oil is not nearly 
as effective as the heavy fuel oil, which 
burns better, leaving less residuum than the 
crude oil, and also gives off a dense smoke 
which is regarded of as much value as the 
heat. 
Statistics presented indicate that the 
crop in this country will aggregate about 
the same as last year, and it was the opin¬ 
ion generally expressed that prices paid 
the grower would be about the same as last, 
hut that the quality would be better, thus 
insuring to the consumer better fruit and 
more value for his money. The committee 
reported that Illinois would have about 10 
per cent of a normal crop, Missouri 15 per 
cent, while the average for the Middle West 
was 17 per cent: New England 63 per 
cent; Central States 40 per cent; Southern, 
48 per cent; Pacific, 74 per cent: Canada, 
40 per cent. A paper on “Pre-cooling” out¬ 
lined the "Vacuo” process by which loaded 
cars of fruit are now cooled in a few 
hours, before shipment by alternately ex¬ 
hausting the warm, foul air and forcing 
cold into the cars. Stations for this work 
are already in operation in California. 
A topic which excited much attention 
and brought out a spirited discussion was 
that of “Organization and Co-operation,” 
which was introduced in a paper by ,T. II. 
Craves of Missouri. Hon. A. P. Rogers of 
Arkansas also spoke at length on the sub¬ 
ject. The prevailing idea seemed to he to 
secure the organization of local associations 
whose principal work would he to secure 
better uniform methods of growing, grading 
and packing and loading of full carloads, 
also to co-operate in the purchase of sup¬ 
plies, these local organizations to be united 
in other central ones, these central bodies 
to do the selling, thus securing better dis¬ 
tribution and avoid the glutting of a few 
markets and the neglect of others. Dunlap 
of Illinois spoke on spraying, and the dis¬ 
cussion which followed was a general one. 
Ills advice was to use Bordeaux for the 
first spraying before the bloom, but using 
lime-sulphur for the second, with arsenate 
of lead, as having less tendency to burn 
the foliage and russet the fruit, later sprays 
to be governed by the weather and other 
conditions. The opinion was very prev¬ 
alent that lime-sulphur was destine' to 
largely supersede Bordeaux as a Summer 
spray. There was a decided difference of 
opinion as to the relative merits of the 
homemade boiled mixture and of the com¬ 
mercial article. 
Prof. Beach of Iowa introduced the sub¬ 
ject of "Cross Fertilization” in a paper 
which elicited a wide discussion and it was 
agreed that while the agency of bees and 
insects was important, it was not advisable 
to plant large blocks of single varieties, but 
to plant them in alternation, four rows of 
a kind being preferable for convenience in 
gathering. To effect the same purpose in 
existing orchards where there were large 
blocks of one variety, Mr. Perrine of Illi¬ 
nois advocated the top-working of each 
third tree in every third row. The idea 
was also advanced that cross fertilization 
would tend to produce larger and better 
fruit, and also that the application of 
phosphates to some soils produced like re¬ 
sults. 
Orange, came to the 
his annual address 
Bangor, delivered 
THE DIRECT PRIMARY IN MAINE. 
■When Representative Davies introduced a 
direct nominations bill to the Maine Legis¬ 
lature of 1008 the politicians treated it as 
a joke. They fairly begrudged the little time 
necessary to railroad it into the waste 
basket. But politicians seem to have been 
born blind, and perhaps it is just as well 
that they are. Mr. Davies was not dis¬ 
couraged for one minute, because Maine 
has the initiative and the referendum. He 
simply made his plans accordingly, and 
continued doing what he could to create 
public sentiment in favor of this reform. 
He was not left long to push the cause 
alone, and by December of the following 
year the idea had made excellent progress. 
Here C. S. Stetson, Master of the State 
front, and as part of 
to the convention in 
broadside on political 
corruption that will go down in the history 
of the State. Advance copies of this ad¬ 
dress were sent to all the leading papers, 
and those editors favorable to the move¬ 
ment were personally requested by the 
writer to give direct primaries a position in 
the headlines, and editorial indorsement if 
possible. Their response was most encour¬ 
aging. 
Before the excitement had subsided, a 
small group of those deeply interested met 
at Augusta to consider ways and means 
for continuing the good work. Allotting the 
territory of the State among ourselves, wrn 
then conducted a systematic correspondence 
to enlist the support of every “progressive” 
citizen whose name we could secure. Printed 
slips in the form of questions and answers 
which gave the chief features of the direct 
primary, were enclosed with our letters, 
and the response was again favorable. The 
next move W’as the organization of a Direct 
Primary League, with Mr. Davies as presi¬ 
dent, a vice-president in every county, and 
members of the advisory council wherever 
possible to secure them. A few weeks later 
a conference was called to discuss the fea¬ 
tures of the proposed bill. Party enroll¬ 
ment, closed primaries, informal nomination 
by petition, and suppression of corrupt 
practices met unanimous approval, and a 
sub-committee drew the bill accordingly. 
This was published In the daily papers and 
met with but little criticism. 
The Democratic State convention was 
held first this year, and a direct primary 
plank went into their platform without the 
least friction. But party leaders of the 
Republicans informed their friends that 
they would have none of it. Mr. Davies 
had already been chosen a delegate, and 
with the promised support of other “insur¬ 
gents,” gave to the press a statement that 
there would be a direct primary plank 
in the platform, or a fight on the 
floor of the convention. The present 
administration was elected by a majority 
of only about live per cent of the total 
vote, so the party leaders quietly took their 
medicine and made the best of it. With 
this bi-partisan indorsement, direct primar¬ 
ies are no longer politics as tabooed by 
the Grange, and State Master Stetson has 
again come to the front magnificently. 
Under the initiative a bill must be intro¬ 
duced to the Legislature accompanied by 
12,000 signatures. If rejected by that body 
it then goes to the people, and with their 
approval becomes a law anyhow. To the 
task of conducting the canvass for these 
signatures, the Grange with a membership 
of over 60,000 is now lending its strength. 
The possibility of failure is too remote for 
consideration. But the Grange leaders are 
wisely deciding to take no unnecessary 
chances. Inquiries have been sent to every 
candidate for the Legislature asking him to 
state his position in regard to direct pri¬ 
maries, and meanwhile Mr. Stetson and his 
associates are conducting an educational 
campaign in eonection with the Pomona 
field meetings. In the initiative and the 
referendum we have the tools, and in the 
Grange we have the organization that is 
learning how to use them. Do you wonder 
that we feel enthusiastic over the future 
of the Pine Tree State? g. m. g. 
Fall Fertilizing for Grass. 
Last Fall we seeded a field with bone 
and muriate. The bone proved to be full 
of fibre, and clogged the drill badly. The 
result is a bunchy piece of grass all over 
the field from six inches to two feet high. 
I wish to fertilize again but the ground is 
rather wet to go on to it in the Spring with 
nitrate. What would be the result if we 
made a Fall application of dried blood or 
tankage and muriate? We have entirely 
given up bone both for surface and under¬ 
ground work. f. c. C. 
Maine. 
Nitrate of soda in the Spring is best to 
use on such a field. It might be used safely 
in May or when the grass is a foot high by 
mixing it with fine earth or plaster. Dried 
blood in the Fall would help the grass. 
There would be a better Fall growth and a 
more even stand in the Spring. The blood 
would be better than tankage, but neither 
used in the Fall will equal nitrate in 
Spring. 
^ /A//' 
Correct Grinding 
of corn on cob is easily 
accomplished with the 
Fairbanks - Morse 
Steel Feed Mill 
The high price of feed makes it im¬ 
portant that you do your feeding on 
a scientific basis. FA1RBANKS- 
MORSE FEED MILLS are best 
on account of their light draft, large 
capacity, strength and long life. 
They are designed for slow speed, 
which reduces friction and wear. A 
2 H.-P. Jack-of-all-Trades Engine 
will run one of these mills, crushing 
ear corn and grinding it fine in one 
operation. Shelled corn or other 
small grains, separate or mixed, can 
be ground fine in one operation. 
Made in two sizes: Sacking Ele¬ 
vator can be used with either size. 
Moderate price; greatest value ever 
offered. Send for Fairbanks-Morse 
Feed Mill Catalog, No. L D 598 
which also shows corn shellers and 
Fodder cutter. 
Fairbanks Morse Canfield 
Chicago New York 
Headquarters for 
Engines, Fleetrlc Light Plants, Windmills, Pumps, 
Pump Jacks, Pelting, Hoofing, Shafting, 
Pulleys, Fittings and Ilose« 
Fairbanks Scales 
JACOBSON 
SELF-CONTAINED ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC DRAINING 
WATER TANK. 
No Freezing; No Ovcrhentlne 
No I.nrite Water Tank 
The Agency is available in some sections and 
valuable in all. 
JACOBSON MACHINE MEG. CO. 
Ill Irvine Street Warren,Pa. 
WASH CLOTHES WITH AIR! 
IT’S EASY AND BEST 
The “conquest of the air” is not confined to flying machines. 
We have been using the great natural source of power for years in 
Syracuse U EASY” W asher 
The Vacuum Washing Machine 
It works like a pump. When you pross down on the 
handle the nir funnel forces air and suds through the 
clothes. Release the pressure and a coil spring raises 
the handle, drawing air and suds up through the clothes. 
Keep up tliis easy movement and the washing is quickly 
done. Clothes cleaner than ever before. No backache. No 
rubbing, swinging or rotat ing of heavy clothes and water. 
So easy it is almost like play. So efficient, you will be 
delighted. 
Built to last a lifetime, 
Heat the water right in it. 
TRY IT 30 DAYS AT OUR RISK 
Sanitary galvanized steel tub 
Gas or alcohol. 
We will ship one to any woman who writes for it on 30 days 
trial. If you arc not delighted with it. return it at our expense 
within 30 daye, or do as 9S<t of trial users do:.keep it and pay our 
low price. Write at once for free booklet of laundry recipes and 
trial order form. 
DODGE & ZLTILL, 
224-KDillaye Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y, 
Or EASY WASHER CO., Cor. Bruce and Dundas Sts., Toronto, Can. 
83 
m 
- . 
WM 
04 
\ 3 
ass- 
True Temper 
u 
Vegetable 
i\t 
Scoop - Fork 
rv.V;.-*vA 
r 1 ’HE Vegetable 
Mm 
X Scoop-Fork con¬ 
lift 
stantly develops new 
Hi 
s 
and practiced uses on 
mm 
the farm. 
S 
It is invaluable for hand- 
US 
ling corn from the field to 
the wagons, and from 
the wagon to the crib, 
bin or cars. 
It is adapted to the 
rapid and easy handling 
of almost all fruits and 
vegetables in bulk. 
The blunt, flattened 
ends of the tines prevent 
bruising and cutting. The 
perfect shape and hang 
make it possible to carry 
a large load with easy 
swing, screening out dirt or 
snow in the process. 
Sold by hardware dealers every¬ 
where. If your dealer doesn't 
handle, write us and we’ll see you 
are supplied. 
American Fork & Hoe 
Company 
Largest Manufacturers of 
Farm and Garden Hand- 
Tool* in the World 
Cleveland 
Ohio 
W ANTED AGENTS TO SELL FARMERS' ACCOUNT BOOK. 
Quick .Seller, Big Inducements, Exclusive Terri¬ 
tory. Address L. L. Sl'PHKKS, Fort Wayne, Ind, 
PayOffThe Hands 
and 
get one 
that will do the 
work of four at a cost 
^ of 5 cents a day—never 
"sleeps, never eats, never shirks 
The Waterloo Boy is the best, 
simplest and most satisfactory gaso¬ 
line engine. It will develope more power 
at less expense, it will give you less trouble and 
cost less for repairs than any other. 
The Waterloo Boy is Guaranteed for Five Years. 
Honest Dealings, Good Service, High Quality, Low 
Price. These are the corner stones of our business. 
Remember we do exactly as we agree. Write us 
today for our large illustrated catalog, It will cost 
you nothing to investigate. 
^ WATERLOO 
[Waterloo GASOLINE 
ENGINE CO., 
184 West 
3rd Avenue 
Waterloo, 
Iowa. 
You Ought to Know 
—Before You Buy— 
how helpful it is to have 
a gasoline engine with 
1. No Tank. 
2. No Fan. 
3. No FreezingTrouble 
4. No Doubt of Power 
5. No Separate Parts 
6. No Cumbersome 
Weight. 
SEND FOR NOVO 
ENGINE BOGK 
and learn of these 
improvements. 
Gasoline 
ENGINE 
The beat way to keep an engine cool 19 
with water, but the tank that usually goes 
with it is a big nuisance. The Novo has an 
even better watercooling, and without a sep¬ 
arate tank. Watercooled engines have al¬ 
ways risked ifijury from slightest freezing. 
If the water in the Novo froze solid, it 
could’t hurt anything. 
Most stationary engines are so heavy it’s 
very hard to move them. The working parts 
of no engine are stronger than the Novo, but 
by leaving out the useless iron in the 
base, it i9 made less cumbersome and easy 
to change from place to place. 
HILDRETH MFG. CO., 32 WILLOW ST., LANSING, MICH 
$50 TO $300 SAVED 
We are manufacturers, not merchants. Save dealers, 
jobbers and catalog house profit. I’ll save you from 
$50 toS300 on my High Grade Standard Gasoline 
Engines from 2 to 22-H.-P.—Price direct to you 
lower than dealers or jobbers have to pay for 
similar engines in carload lots for spot cash. 
GALLOWAY 
Price and quality speak for themselves 
and you are to be the sole judge. 
Sell your poorest horse and buy a 
S-H.-P. only$ m1 9.50 
M% 
m* 
Direct 
From 
y Fac¬ 
tory on 30 
Days’ Free 
Trial. Satisfac¬ 
tion or money 
back. Write forspec- 
ial proposition. All 
you pay me is for raw 
material, labor and 
one small profit. Send for 
my big BOOK FREE. 
Wm. Galloway, Pres. 
Wm. Galloway Co. 
GG5 Calloway Station 
Waterloo, Iowa 
<fRAt>£ 
M. I. F. CO. 
ZINC COATED 
fa AR* 
Zinc Coated Brand 
N AE LS 
Will last a life-time 
Read this Evidence of Durability: 
In 1880. Mr. M. P. Harding, of Branford, Conn., shin¬ 
gled his store with pine shingles, nailing them with Z>mc 
Coated Iron Cut Nails. In July 1909, just 29 years later, 
he rcshingled. The nails were as free from rust as on tne 
day they were driven, although the house stands within 
three-quarters of a mile of the seashore. The cut snows 
some of the nails. 
We make the same nails today we made then. 
WHY PUT 10-YEAR NAILS IN 80-YEAR SHINGLK8I 
Write to us for Samples and Prices. 
MALLEABLE IRON FITTINGS C0„ Branford, Conn. 
