1910. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
86 7 
Questions About Kainit. 
J. B. L., East Dorset, V4 .—On page 772 
you speak of kainit for poultry manure. 
What is kainit and what does it cost? I 
have asked several of my neighbors what 
it is and no one knows. 
Ans. —“Kainit" is one of the German 
potash salts. It contains about 12]/ 2 per 
cent of potash and sells at about $12 per 
ton here in New York. It contains con¬ 
siderable common salt. The chemical 
action of this is to delay fermentation 
and thus hold the ammonia in the hen 
manure. 
Rye in Peach Orchard; Nitrate on Grass. 
C. IF. M.‘ (No Address ).—I have been led 
to believe rye was injurious to peach trees. 
Is it true that rye may injure them? For 
grass would you apply nitrate of soda this 
Fall, or make the application next Spring? 
Ans. —We have not found rye inju¬ 
rious to peach trees when properly 
handled. Most of the troubles with rye 
are caused by leaving it loose in the soil. 
The heavy growth is plowed under and 
the surface of the soil lightly harrowed 
or cultivated. This leaves a mass of 
coarse, open material underground. The 
air works in and dries it out and every 
crop nearby suffers from lack of mois¬ 
ture. When rye is plowed under the 
soil should be rolled or packed down 
hard. This crushes the rye into a com¬ 
pact mass which holds moisture and 
permits the rise of water through the 
soil. Handle the rye this way and there 
will be little trouble. Do not use nitrate 
of soda in the Fall except in small 
quantities to start a rapid growth. The 
nitrates or soluble forms of nitrogen 
do not remain in the soil when there 
are no living crops to use this plant 
food. They will be washed out and lost 
during Fall and Winter. Nitrate is 
more economical used in Spring or Sum¬ 
mer as crops need nitrogen. 
Fruit for Long Island 
C. O. T., Brooklyn, N. Y .—I expect to 
move on a 10-acre piece in middle Long Is¬ 
land; gravelly loam soil, has not been tilled 
during the past year, some fruit soil. I 
intend putting out peaches, apples, plums, 
and also having a good-sized poultry plant. 
I Intend to plow and seed six acres, using 
C'riijison clover, Alfalfa, C'ow-horn turnips 
and rye. As to the fruit, I am thinking of 
Naomi and Gravenstein apples, Belle of 
Georgia and one other variety of peaches. 
I am not familiar with any variety of plums 
by name. As my market is the nearby 
home one it seems best to go in for early 
maturing high table quality, and not con-, 
sider the shipping quality. 
Ans. —Tell C. O. T. positively to cut 
out apples as a commercial crop. Com¬ 
ing from an apple country, I know a 
good apple tree when I see it. From the 
hills in the north of the island, to the 
Great South Bay, and from Jamaica 
to Patchogue, I have not seen an apple 
tree on the Island that 1 would call a 
commercial success. They will grow, 
but it takes an expert to attend to them, 
and I very much doubt if even he would 
get rich out of apples on this soil. 
Peaches and plums, strawberries, rasp¬ 
berries and surrants all do well, but I 
would advise C. O. T. to be careful with 
plums. If the curculio is present in 
his neighborhood he will find that there 
is trouble ahead. If I were setting out 
plum trees I most assuredly would plant 
them in the chicken runs. Then biddy 
would help to keep curculio in check. 
What kind to plant he can best find out 
at the experimental farms of the L. I. 
R. R. Visitors are always welcome and 
advice given; that’s their business. As 
I understand C. O. T.’s problem, it is 
where the money is going to come from 
the first few years. Chickens will solve 
the problem partly, and I think potatoes 
(a couple of acres) another part; 150 
bushels to the acre : n ordinary years is 
low. With clover plowed under and 1,000 
pounds of fertilizer to the acre, 400 bush¬ 
els is not high. Right here I have seen 
400 and 500 bushels to the acre. Then 
there is another crop that has made 
the Long Island farmer rich, cauliflower. 
But, to be sure, he must carefully test 
the soil by planting a half dozen here 
and there. My soil will not grow cauli¬ 
flower; 500 feet away a Summer resi¬ 
dent, without the slightest knowledge of 
how to grow things, can stick a plant 
anywhere' on his soil and produce fine 
heads. So you see actual test only will 
tell the story. If fair heads cannot be 
produced under ordinary conditions I 
would advise him to leave it severely 
alone. c. b. d. 
Destroying Sumach. 
What can I do to got rid of sumach in 
a back field? The bushes are thick. 
J. L. 
Perhaps the only way that it can be 
thoroughly controlled is by pulling it out. 
It may, however, be held in check by fre¬ 
quent mowing of the young shoots as they 
appear. 
Value of Vetch. 
I am interested in your vetch article on 
page 753. Do I understand that 357 
pounds of nitrogen, 80 of phosphoric acid 
and 108 pounds of potash were taken from 
an acre of land? w. Y. 
It means that an acre of vetch yielded 
8,073 pounds of “sun-dried matter” or hay. 
This contained the amount of plant food 
named. The potash, phosphoric acid and 
some of the nitrogen were taken from the 
soil by the crop. Most of the nitrogen was 
taken from the air. If this crop were 
plowed under this plant food would be¬ 
come nearly as available as manure. 
Does Paris Green Spoil Seed Corn? 
My field of corn that I planted last was 
planted May 28. It is surrounded on three 
sides by stone walls in which chipmunks 
abound. Realizing how late It was and 
that it would be too late for corn re¬ 
planted after this was up to mature, I 
took double precaution to insure a stand 
at the end of the Held most likely to be 
bothered by the squirrels. All my seed 
corn was coated with coal tar, and on five 
quarts planted at one end of this field I 
applied Paris green, and not one stalk 
came up. The corn is as sound and nearly 
as hard, despite the wet soil, as when 
planted. The other two fields planted 
earlier and the remainder of this field 
planted the same day and the following 
Monday were planted with corn coated 
with tar from the same can, and it germin¬ 
ated perfectly. So it seems certain that 
some Paris green will prevent corn germin¬ 
ating. That was the worst advice I ever 
knew The It. N.-Y. to give. G. G. gibbs. 
New Jersey. 
It. N.-Y.—We gave it with some hesita¬ 
tion, and only after what we considered 
good authorities had endorsed it. We have 
had one other complaint which we printed. 
We now want all the facts. Will those 
who used it report? Mr. Gibbs does not 
tell us how much Paris green he used. The 
reason for using the poison mentioned in 
the “advice” was to kill cutworms. 
Established 1802 
DYNAMITE 
IN 
THE ORCHARD 
When dynamite is used to 
excavate the holes in which 
fruit trees are planted it 
loosens up the lower soils 
and destroys all harmful 
grubs and beetles in the sur¬ 
face-soil. We know of an 
y orchard planted twenty years 
ago where the holes for some 
of the trees were dug by 
hand and those for the rest 
of the trees were blasted out 
with dynamite. For twenty 
years the trees which were 
planted in the blasted holes 
have borne more fruit and 
better fruit than the others. 
Use Red Cross Dynamite 
for Tree-Planting 
Write for Particulars 
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* WATER SYSTEM 
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Don't use an immense tank, either 
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473 OLD COLONY BUILDING, CIIICAGO. 
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L 
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A Republic 
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at small cost, will add more to the valuo of 
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