K68 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
September 10, 
NEW YORK STATE FRUIT GROWERS’ 
ASSOCIATION. 
Part II. 
“A Warning Regarding an Old Insect 
rest,” was the subject taken by Prof. G. 
W. llerriek, entomologist at Cornell. This 
pest has its ups and downs and at irreg¬ 
ular periods gets plentiful enough to cause 
serious loss in the apple orchards. It is 
known as the green fruit worm and has 
made its appearance in the forests near 
Modus this season. It spends the Winters 
in the adult state, and though they may 
not attack the fruit it is well to be on the 
lookout for them and spray as soon as they 
make their appearance with three to four 
pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons 
of water or fungicidal mixture. They can 
be jarred from small trees, “llow can _we 
control the cabbage aphis?” Spray with 
black leaf extract or fish oil soap, rising 
one pound of the soap to six or seven gal¬ 
lons of water, and applying very thoroughly 
especially on under sides of leaves. Prof. 
Fraser said it did not pay to spray for 
aphis at present cabbage prices. The lady- 
bugs that prey upon this pest should be 
encouraged and protected. 
Prof. Waite of the U. S. Department of 
Agriculture, was called to the platform and 
spoke mainly on the new sprays for fun¬ 
gus diseases. He said the most important 
thing in spraying for fruit diseases was the 
substitution of sulphur compounds for cop¬ 
per compounds. Resides many experiments 
with lime-sulphur they are also experiment¬ 
ing with lime-sulphur to which lias. been 
added iron sulphate and another mixture 
containing copper sulphate. Self-boiled 
lime-sulphur made with cold water is best 
for spraying peaches. For apples the self- 
boiled mixture can be made with hot water. 
Dean Bailey gave an address on the coun¬ 
try life problem. He touched briefly on 
the work of the Country Rife Commission 
and said progress will be made by a move¬ 
ment organizing voluntarily outside of gov¬ 
ernment. The men and women that live on 
land are what makes better farming. It 
will be a process in social evolution. Prob¬ 
lems will be taken up by young men who 
can devote, and afford to, their whole 
lives to them. The Commission never used 
the word uplift, it being an invention of 
the newspapers. A better education is 
needed to improve rural conditions and to 
be merely a good farmer is not a sufficient 
object in life. The need is for better farm¬ 
ers rather than more farmers. lie spoke 
on the abandoned farm question as fol¬ 
lows : 
“It seems to be commonly assumed that 
one important reason for the high prices of 
living is insufficient supply of farm products 
and that the remedy for this insufficiency 
is to put city folks and immigrants on 
farms, particularly on abandoned farms to 
make good the supply. There are prob¬ 
ably sufficient men and women on the 
land at the present time to raise all that 
mankind needs, but they are not all ef¬ 
fective. There are great areas in which 
farming is now very profitable, but as a 
whole it does not yet receive its share of 
its own earnings, and merely to raise crops 
will not secure these earnings. We need a 
thorough inquiry into the whole course of 
trade from the time products leave the 
land until they reach the ultimate con¬ 
sumer. If the city ever saves the open 
country, it will be by working out a real | 
economic and social co-operation between 
city and country, not by the city going 
into farming. Farming appeals to city 
people as a bargain counter appeals to shop¬ 
pers. Much sentiment has been wasted 
on the so-called abandoned farms. There 
are good economic reasons for the discontin¬ 
uance of farming on these lands, the lands 
are rarely or never abandoned, and they 
will not come again into farms until the 
conditions call for it. Merely to place an¬ 
other family on an abandoned farm may 
continue an undesirable order rather than 
to improve rural conditions. On many of 
these lands, as originally owned, it may he 
impossible again to conduct a good agri¬ 
cultural business, adjacent farms may need 
to be combined in such a way as to make 
a farmable proposition. There is a larger 
aspect to the vacant farm question. We 
have taken up the ‘easy lands’ (even though 
we vacated the difficult lands in the pro¬ 
cess). and we are reclaiming the Western 
regions by irrigation and by dry farming: 
but it may not be necessary, or advisable 
in the interests of all the people that every 
last acre in the national domain be opened 
for exploitation or settlement In this dec¬ 
ade, or even in this century. The nation 
may well have untouched reserves. No 
one knows what our necessities will be a 
hundred years hence. Land that has never 
been despoiled will be immeasurably more 
valuable to society then than now: and 
society holds the largest interest. When 
fhe pressure of population comes we will 
fall back on our reserves. The rain belt 
States will fall back on their wet lands, 
their uplands and their hills. These hills 
are much more usable than those of the 
arid and semi-arid West can ever be. The 
Eastern and old Southern States have im¬ 
mense reserves, even though the titles may 
ho largely in private ownership. New York 
is still nearly half in woods and swamps 
and waste, but practically all of it is 
usable. New York is an undeveloped coun¬ 
try agriculturally. The same is true of 
New England arid Pennsylvania and great 
regions southward. Forests and the sward 
grow profusely to the summits of the moun¬ 
tains and the hills. Yast areas eastward 
are undeveloped and unexploited. Even 
the regions of the so-called abandoned farms 
are vet practically untouched of their po¬ 
tential wealth. T have no regret that 
these countries are still unsettled. There 
is no need of haste. When the great arid 
West has brought every one of its avail¬ 
able acres under irrigation, and when pop¬ 
ulation increases, the Eastern quarter of 
the country will take up the slack. It is 
by no means inconceivable that at that time 
the Eastern lands, newly awakened from 
the sleep of a century, will be the fresh 
lands, and the older regions will again 
become the new regions.” 
A few other points brought forward by 
Dr. Railey were that these so-called aban¬ 
doned farms should be l»ought by State, 
county or town and turned into practical 
productive forestry. A few farmers that 
grow a special product are able to get 
fair prices, but the average farmer is not 
getting proper compensation for the energy 
expended. The middleman adds some value 
by putting products before the consumer, 
but he has had a free field to work in and 
many abuses have sprung up. Consumers 
and producers must work together to cor¬ 
rect these abuses. Good Federal and State 
laws should be passed to eliminate these 
evils, with a commission to see that they 
are enforced and before which grievances 
may be brought. This will oEly be brought 
about by the awakening of public con¬ 
science. The tendency in teaching has been 
to make farming too easy. There is a 
continual struggle to produce profitable 
crops, and the production is only half the 
battle. Struggles make strong men and 
women and good citizens. Good citizens 
must interest themselves in improvements. 
It is in this way the standards of coun¬ 
try life will be raised and the producer will 
get fair compensation for the thought and 
energy expended in feeding the nation. 
g. it. s. 
Closed Highway. 
The contractors repairing the highway 
have closed up a part of the road requiring 
us to drive around it. Has anyone the 
right to close the State road ? a. s. 
Parties in charge of the repairing can 
close a road or bridge for a short time 
where the needs of repairing require it, 
but the work should be hurried, and any 
unreasonable delay or inconvenience to the 
public will be regarded as a nuisance. The 
nature and extent of the repairs will deter¬ 
mine the reasonableness of the closing. 
Make a protest to the local authorities if 
you think the men are indifferent to the 
convenience of the public. 
Repair of Line Fence. 
I keep a bull in a field adjoining the road; 
the fences are strong and sufficient for him. 
One of my neighbors declines to repair his 
fence, but as yet none of my cattle has 
broken out. I have been requested to keep 
in my bull, as he bellows near the road, 
especially when annoyed by children. Must 
I pen him in? m. a. 
New Jersey. 
You have a right to pasture your bull 
in your lot even though there is a possi¬ 
bility that he may break out. You are 
presumed to know the vicious habits of a 
mature bull, that he may get through the 
fence and do injury, so that in case he does 
get out it is likely that a jury would find 
that you were negligent in not dishorning 1 
him, having better fences or taking other I 
precautions. While you have a right to j 
pasture him you do so with knowledge of : 
his dangerous habits. If you can blindfold | 
him or hobble him it may reassure your 
neighbors and prevent trouble. Send a 
written demand to your neighbor to repair 
his fence, otherwise you will take the mat¬ 
ter to the fence viewers. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 10. 
ALPHA 
PORTLAND CEMENT 
is absolutely the best that can be made 
for all farm work. Largely used by 
U. S. Government and in State, Munici¬ 
pal and Railroad work—a reputation of 
20 years behind it. Ask your dealer for 
ALPHA 
Send for Booklet and learn why it is the best. 
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT CO., 
ADDRESS 
| 2 Center Square, EASTON, PA. 
The Largest Assortment in America 
Send for our Special Collection 
No. 1—108 Choice Bulbs 
for Blouse Culture 
Price $2.75 
or our Assortment No. 4, Con¬ 
taining 143 Bulbs for 
Outdoor Culture 
Price $2.75 
Delivered free in any part of the U. S. 
CATALOGUE NOW READY 
See inside cover page for particulars 
of above and other assortments. 
Mailed free for the asking 
J. M. THORBURN & CO. 
33 Barclay Street Dept. R New York 
BUY A NEW YORK STATE WAGON 
DIRECT FROM FACTORY 
We make the best New York State standard quality Wagons and sell 
them direct from factory to users at 
No. 190 Runabout 
Sells at retail for $65. Easy 
riding, stylish and very dur¬ 
able. We defy competition 
with it. 
$48.50 
No. 290—Buckboard 
Retailers ask $70 for its 
equal. Our own pattern, 
strongly made, easiest rider 
known, and a general favorite. 
Wholesale Prices 
E ZE2—$6.00 
You save all dealer’s and jobber's 
profits and obtain our binding 
guarantee for one year from date 
of purchase. 
No Money in Advance 
Any wagon will be shipped to 
you for free examination and 
approval. No deposit or references 
required. 
Safe Delivery Guaranteed 
You take no risk whatever. 
Every wagon will reach you in per¬ 
fect condition, or it can be returned 
to us at our expense. 
Send for Catalogue 
Showing 150 styles of wagons 
and 50 styles of Harness. Every 
approved pattern is shown at a 
wide range of prices. 
BLANKET FOR FALL ORDERS--P 
$53.50 
No. 118—Top Buggy 
Fully as good as retails for $70. 
Will give years of service, 
nicely finished, and a bargain. 
$53.50 
No. 350—Handy Wagon 
Removable seats, very strong, 
and one of our best selling 
styles. Can’t be duplicated 
anywhere for less than $65. 
With every order for a wagon received before November 15th, we 
give absolutely free of charge a handsome wool street blanket. This 
blanket sells at retail everywhere for $6.00. Don’t miss this offer. 
ROCHESTER VEHICLE COMPANY, 360 Main Street, Rochester, New York 
RELIANCE LINE 
AIR-COOLED 
GASOLINE ENGINE 
1 to 10 Horse. 
The oldest air¬ 
cooled engine 
(above 3 horse). 
Over 4000 in 
successful use. 
You owe it to 
yourself and to 
your family to 
investigate this strongly guaranteed engine before 
you buy. A Iso 2 to IS horse hopper cooied and 2 to 
200 water cooied. 24 years’ experience. 
GOOD AGENTS WANTED 
The CLIMAX ENSILAGE CtnTER ( Blower) 
DRIVEN BY A 10 HORSE POWER 
RELIANCE 
Engine will fill your Silo cheaper and more 
satisfactorily than anything else can. 
Send for Catalog 3. 
Brackett, Shaw (i Lunt Co., Somersworth, N. H. 
Boston Office 
02 Charlestown St. (Now railed Washington St. North) 
THE PRODUCT OF 
EXPERIENCEahdhONOR 
CALDWELL SPECIAL-$93.I0 
Money cannot buy a better 4 
H. P. gasoline engine than mine 
and I am ready to 
prove it as I want 
you to be thor¬ 
oughly satisfied.Let 
me send you this en¬ 
gine, free of all charge. 
You may use It for sixty days 
-I’ll even pay the return charges 
if you don’t want to keep It. 
Fully guaranteed for 5 years, 
but will last a life time and 
always give satisfaction. 
Try the Caldwell Special on 
vour place. Write me. 
CALDWELL-HALLOWELL MFG. CO. 
511 Commercial St., WATERLOO, IOWA 
The CHARTER 
The Pioneer Gasoline Engine, 
having all modern features, 
such as speed regulator, etc. 
Stationaries, Portables, Pump¬ 
ing ami Sawing Outfits, Semi- 
Portables, II oistcr s. Open 
Jacket Cylinder—Frost Proof. 
Catalogue on request—State 
your power needs. 
Charter Gas Engine Co., P. 0. Box 2B, Sterling, III., U. S. A. 
Two rows at one time one horse. Delivers in rear of 
machine upright, carries to shock. Don't break your 
back picking up corn after cutting. No twine. I, 2 or 3 
men can operate. 
Also Tile Ditchers. 
Ask your dealer or write for circular. 
THE JESt llKE M’F’tt CO., Bellevue, Ohio. 
Leffe! Steam Power 
Should Be Yours 
—because you want the simplest, strong¬ 
est, most econom ical, most dependable 
and mostdurable engine. Steam has 
held its place atthe top and Lcffel 
Steam Katrines and Rollers are the 
known best of all Steam Out¬ 
lets. Write NOW for 
Free Booklet. Address 
James Leffel & Co. 
Goi 250 
Springfield, 
Ohio 
AGENTS WANTED 
To Represent Us at the Fairs. Send for particulars 
W ANTED AGENTS TO SELL FARMERS ACCOUNT BOOK. 
Quick Seller, Big Inducements, Exclusive Terri¬ 
tory. Address L. L. SVPHEKS, Fort Wayne, lad. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
409 Pearl Street - NEW YORK CITY 
Original “Cutaway” 
LESS WORK 
BIG CROPS 
Drawn by two medium horses. 
Will cut 28by 30 acres or double¬ 
cut 15 acres in a day. 
Will move 15,000 tons of earth 
one foot in a day. 
Runs true in line of draft and keeps the 
surface true. All other Disk Harrows 
have to run in the half lap. 
Has Improved reinforced main frame, and 
improved standards. 
Don’t be deceived by poor imita¬ 
tions or infringements. 
There’s only one original Cutaway” 
and it’s Clark’s. 
Saves time. Saves labor. 
Saves money. 
Crops increased 25°/o to 50°/o. 
Better Grain, better Hay, bet. 
ter Fruit. 
Takes place of Plow and Harrow. 
Jointed Pole takes all the weight off the 
horses’ necks. 
We make 120 sizes and styles of Disk Tools, 
Every machine fully warranted. 
Thousands in use and giving satisfaction. 
If your dealer won’t supply you, we will. 
Send to-day for Free Booklet. 
Cutaway Harrow Co. 
839 Main Street 
HIGGANUM, CONN. 
