878 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
SEED FROM BLIGHTED POTATO FIELDS. 
It., If etc York .—I have a field of pota¬ 
toes that are evidently slightly affected by 
blight. Some varieties are about ready to 
ripen, while others are only partly grown. 
1 planted these potatoes for seed, and would 
like to save what I can. If I remove the 
affected vines (there are very few) would 
it do to save the others for seed? If I 
plant the same field next year is it more 
likely to blight than a field not so affected 
this year? Would you consider such pota¬ 
toes suitable for seed? 
It all depends on the nature or cause 
of the blight. The inquirer will do well 
to at once submit specimens to one of 
your New York Experiment Stations 
for determination of this and follow the 
advice which would then be given. In 
the absence of knowledge as to this, I 
can only make general suggestions. If 
the plants are dying from typical early 
blight (Alternaria) or from tip-burn, the 
crop is entirely suitable for seed without 
the precaution of removing the affected 
vines, and the same ground many be 
used for potatoes next year. If the 
trouble is “black-leg” (bacterial) or 
Fusarium wilt (fungus), the diseased 
plants should be removed, including any 
tubers. I should not consider the re¬ 
mainder of the crop first-class, or desir¬ 
able, for seed purposes, but if there is 
but little of the trouble and the above 
precautions are taken it would probably 
be equal to the average seed offered in 
the trade. In the case of either of these 
diseases the infection would probably 
persist in the soil to such a degree as to 
make it unwise to use it for potatoes 
next year. It is hardly probable that the 
trouble is the late blight (phytophthora). 
If, however, it is, and but little de¬ 
velops, the crop may be offered for seed 
and the soil replanted next year if de¬ 
sired. l. R. JONES, 
Professor of Plant Pathology. 
Madison, Wis. 
Since the blight of potatoes is carried 
over Winter mostly or entirely by the 
hibernating of the mycelium in the 
tubers, it is not best to take chances of 
saving seed from a field that is partly 
infected with the disease. If the infected 
vines grow within any restricted area 
by avoiding the area some little distance 
around the infected plants it would be 
possible to use the tubers from the other 
parts of the field without any very seri¬ 
ous results probably. If the same field 
is used again next year the blight is apt 
to occur again, from possibility of a few 
infected tubers remaining over in the 
.soil, especially some of the smaller ones, 
which are very apt to be left in the field. 
N. Dakota Station. H. F. bergman. 
I believe the inquirer can remove the 
affected vines from the field and save 
the others for seed. I do not advise him 
to plant the same field next year, in fact 
I do not advise planting any field to 
potatoes two years in succession; there 
should be a rotation of crops for best 
results. It seems as though the potatoes 
grown from the healthy hills would be 
suitable for seed, although I much pre¬ 
fer the potatoes from fields that have 
shown up absolutely free from blight. 
New York. edward f. dibble. 
I have never had any experience simi¬ 
lar to that of the inquirer, but if the field 
were mine I should thoroughly spray the 
vines with Bordeaux Mixture and re¬ 
move the diseased plants, if they are 
few, and burn them. If all diseased 
plants are removed I would not hesitate 
to use the remaining crop for seed, but I 
should plan to spray next year’s crop 
from this seed thoroughly and if it was 
not absolutely necessary I would not 
plant this same field to potatoes next 
year. e. s. brigham. 
Vermont. 
If it is early blight, that will not affect 
the use of the tubers for seed, as the 
fungus does not winter in the tubers. If 
it is late blight, then undoubtedly, the 
tubers would be more or less unfit to be 
used as seed. The seed saved from vines 
that do not show the blight would be 
more desirable than that from the 
blighted vines. Whether the potatoes 
planted on this field would blight more 
readily next year would depend on so 
many things that a definite answer could 
hardly be given, although I should ex¬ 
pect that they would be more easily af¬ 
fected. The late blight fungus is carried 
over the Winter in the tubers that are 
saved for seed, or in the tubers that never met a peach raiser who advocated 
may be left in the ground in the field. it. Many of the pits might, and prob- 
Cornell University. H. H. whetzel. ably would, fail to germinate, thus caus- 
If your correspondent really has late in * a second planting and a year’s loss 
blight in his potato field it would be a f ,me b large percentage of the 
difficult matter to remove all the in- buds after setting is liable to die, and 
fected plants. It is quite possible that F ause anot 1 her y ear s ] ° ss of ,. tim . e ' 
the trouble to which he refers is due to know r ^ ular ™ rser Y tr , ces dl ? also, but 
cither of two comparatively little-known ?’ ven Y’g°rous trees and careful setting, 
potato diseases-Fusarium and Rhizoc- f hree P" ^ fj? uld c ° ver the avcra S e 
tonia. These fungus parasites attack loss ' , budd,n g of scattered trees 
the stems of the plant and in the case of wou ! d be . mu ? h " lore tedlous and % x ~ 
the Fusarium the tuber also, causing the P. ens,ve tba " 111 tb ? nursery row. So, 
browning of the vascular bundles of the a s .°» w0ldd t le cultivation. It would re¬ 
tuber and stem. Tubers affected with <I uire . extreme carefulness to cultivate a 
Rhizoctonia have the appearance of be- S r °wing crop where pits were thus 
ing covered with small dark pimples, P la ! lted ’ b °th before their germination 
presenting a felt-like exterior. Plants a, f ld a /, ter tbe Y weie buckled. Again, 
affected with either of these two di- **** tbe 8 rowth ° f , the buds < because 
seases show first signs of trouble by a ° .. ,eir extre , ni f tenderness and neces- 
wilting of the shoots and this is fol- sard /, exposed ocation, many of them 
lowed later on by a complete dying of w ®P- d ’ VC1 - v lkc Y’ be misshapen and un- 
the vines. If the trouble is due to either satisfactory. We have always set strong, 
. of these two fungus diseases, the remov- ' , £ orous > /*'st class trees (except in the 
al of all infected plants would insure + cas , e Previously mentioned), but never- 
healthy tubers for seed purposes. If the hel . ess !t bas been difficult for us to con- 
same field were planted another year tend successfully against the northwest 
these two diseases would occur more winds and shape our young trees to our 
abundantly than on new land. In the satisfaction. These, and other difficul- 
September 17, 
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Little by little we have improved Control Ranges 
case' V (Tf'Tate blight ^his "mighT or ^might ties that are ^dy to be encountered, Z?cZ^7o7"ooT n «"*«•*•'**-*“*« 
not be true. It would largely depend f au f + us to delude the scheme is not 
upon climatic conditions, favorable or bkely to prove practical, 
unfavorable to the growth of the fungus. - r M T STACKH0USE & S0N * 
WILLIAM STUART. OUSSeX CO., IN. J. 
U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
-The Question of Fillers. 
A PEACH ORCHARD FROM PITS. The question of fillers in an apple or- 
C. B. S.. Ephrata, Pa. —I wish to start chard would depend very much upon 
two acres in peach trees, and I would like conditions. If I were setting quick- 
She’tlf/rM'j ffiLoVbl SI bearing varieties sue], as Wagener, 
ing the pits in the field where you want Duchess, etc., 1 should use no fillers, but 
the tree, instead of planting a nursery tree set them closer than if setting such 
(put them of course where you want the __ r. . _ ., 
tree). What time in the Fall should they varieties as Spy, Baldwin, etc. If setting 
l»e planted? Should pits from budded or an orchard of any of the large late-bear- 
wild trees be used? ing varieties I should set 40 feet apart 
I do not consider the method a profit- a °d between with quick-bearing 
able way to grow an orchard. Better apples in preference to peaches, for sev- 
start trees in nursery rows until large era l reasons. Much of the ground set to 
enough to transplant. H. o. mead. apples is not suitable for peaches. 
T , , . , Peaches when young are apt to grow 
I have never had any experience plant- f aster than appleS! thus overshadowing 
mg peach pits and budding the seedlings, them and keeping them back. Peaches 
nor have I ever seen it done In many a j so requ jre different care than apples, 
respects, 1 imagine it would be quite an , both i„ spraying and cultivation. We 
advantage, and yet in all my observa- ] lave seen very good apple orchards that 
tions I have never seen any peach trees were started with peaches, but do not 
that I felt woind have lived longer had recommend this practice. l. J. post. 
they been started that way. I he fact is, Kent Cn Mirh 
if the trees are properly lifted from the ’ 
nursery, and transplanted, I believe they 
will live as long that way as the yellows 
and other diseases and enemies will 
allow them to live. I can see where it 
would be a good bit of tedious trouble 
to start an orchard that way, and rather 
doubt the practicability of it. 
Pennsylvania. d. m. wertz. 
It is a pleasant dream planting peach 
pits where you want an orchard to grow 
and then budding and caring for them 
afterwards, but considering the added 
expense, trouble and bother, I do not be¬ 
lieve there is anything in it in a satis¬ 
factory way for the establishment of a 
commercial orchard. j. H. hale. 
Connecticut. 
In my opinion the scheme of planting 
peach pits right in the field where the 
trees are to stand and budding these 
seedlings after they get to fair height is 
not practical, and I cannot imagine a 
single argument in its favor. The nur¬ 
sery tree if carefully dug and root- 
pruned when transplanted, makes a 
splendid root system; you cannot im¬ 
prove on it. I never heard of a peach 
tree failing to thrive for want of roots— 
all its troubles come above the root sys¬ 
tem. The orchardist who is hunting 
trouble can find plenty of it without 
planting his peach pits 18 or 20 feet 
apart. gabriel hiester. 
Pennsylvania. 
We have never had any experience 
in planting peach pits directly in' the 
place where the full-grown trees were 
eventually destined to stand, but we had 
an experience that was closely akin* to 
the same, and it proved to be a disas¬ 
trous experience, although, fortunately 
for us, it was upon a small scale. Sev¬ 
eral years since we found it difficult to 
secure 300 or 400 trees of a favorite 
variety, therefore our nurseryman per¬ 
suaded us to set dormant buds, of which 
he had a full supply, in lieu of the regu¬ 
larly budded tree. The result was a 
total loss, for what few survived, even 
after the most careful attention, were 
so misshapen and unsatisfactory, that we 
rooted them out and replaced them the 
following Spring with the regular nur¬ 
sery trees. The theory that a tree grown 
from the pit, planted, budded and grown 
directly where it is destined to stand, 
looks like a plausible theory, but there 
seem to be too many contingencies aris¬ 
ing to substantiate the theory that a tree 
thus planted will either develop a better 
root, or a more vigorous and longer- 
lived tree. Among the many and cogent 
arguments against the system we may 
enumerate the following : We have 
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