1910 . 
THE RURA.I> NEW-YORKER 
881 
Ruralisms 
Aster Blight. 
II. F. W., Gardcnville, N. Y .—What is 
the cause of Aster blight and how is it pre¬ 
vented? I am raising Asters in a com¬ 
mercial way, selling the cut flowers. I no¬ 
tice every day one or two plants blighted, 
plants in different stages of development. 
Variety raised is Semple’s Branching, 
planted in rows two feet apart, plants 18 
inches in rows. 
Ans. —“Aster disease” or Aster blight 
is an obscure trouble, supposed' to be of 
bacterial origin; infected soil is believed 
to be its cause, but how or why in¬ 
fected is unknown. Commercial grow¬ 
ers use a heavy dressing of lime, enough 
to whiten the surface, when preparing 
the ground for Asters, and this seems to 
have value as a preventive measure. 
Pull up and burn every affected plant 
seen, and dust lime over the spot where 
it grew. In some localities growing As¬ 
ters on benches under glass seems the 
only way to escape the disease. We be¬ 
lieve efforts are being made by scientific 
investigators to battle with this trouble, 
which causes serious loss to florists. In 
the meantime lime dressings, the avoid¬ 
ance of infected soil, and prompt de¬ 
struction of affected plants are all we 
can advise. 
Productive Quinces. 
The row of quince trees shown in Fig. 
384 is on the east side of a plum orchard. 
I trim them in the shape of an apple 
tree, not in a bush form. They are 
miles southeast of there, and is one of 
the very good market apples for the 
southern part of Ohio. While its quality 
is not equal to the best, it is not poor 
by any means, and sells well in the gen¬ 
eral market. As to the fruit being 
scabby, that can be controlled by spray¬ 
ing. And as to winter-killing, I do not 
think it is much more subject to it than 
any other variety, although the tree is 
not so hardy as some. I would plant 
some trees of the Rome Beauty any¬ 
where on good apple soil in Southern 
Ohio. York Imperial is a very good 
commercial Winter apple for that region. 
Jonathan and Grimes are two more good 
varieties and of the highest quality, but 
they are not very late keepers. The 
newly introduced Delicious is likely to 
prove one of the best apples there, both 
for market and family use. The Ensee, 
which is a new red Winter apple, orig¬ 
inating in Ohio, is a good one. There 
is danger of getting too long a list and 
the kinds named are enough for almost 
any commercial orchard. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Sowing Onions in the Fall. 
O. A. K., Elkins, IV’. Va .—I wish to plant 
a good many onions this Fall for green 
onions next Spring. When should they be 
planted, what kind and how should they 
planted? 
Ans. —Where the method of planting 
onion seed in the Fall is practical, the 
seed is usually sown during August and 
September, perhaps a little later at the 
South. The ground should be plowed a 
A ROW OF PRODUCTIVE QUINCES. Fig. 384. 
planted in clay soil. I use plenty of barn¬ 
yard manure, also coal ashes while the 
trees were small. I used a quart of salt 
to the tree to spread over the ground 
from the tree out about six feet, trees 
have been set 12 years. They commenced 
bearing when four years old; never failed 
to have a crop until this year. Last year 
I had two trees that stand in yard close 
to the house from which I picked five 
bushels from one and four bushels from 
the other. Most of the trees are trimmed 
from two to four feet from the ground, 
that is to the first limbs, top spreading 
from 12 to 20 feet. The row pictured 
has been in sod for four years. Quince 
trees like moist soil, the more humus 
and ashes the better, and salt once a 
year. I never used any other fertilizer. 
I have tried all kinds but find the Rae’s 
Mammoth the best for this climate. 
Union City, Ind. j. w. W. 
Apples for Southern Ohio. 
II. II. G., Hamilton , O.—Please publish 
list of apples for Southern Ohio. The soil 
is mixed clay, sand and gravel,, with gravelly 
subsoil. I was thinking of planting the 
Rome Beauty, but in looking over my back 
numbers of The It. N.-Y. it says on page 
244, April 10, 1897, the Rome Beauty apple 
winter-kills in Ohio, the quality is like Ben 
Davis, no better, fruit scabby on limestone 
soil. 
Ans. —Having visited the Miami Val¬ 
ley several times during many years past 
and knowing that the soil is excellent for 
apples, unless the particular spot on 
which the planting is proposed is not 
characteristic, there seems to me no rea¬ 
son why the Rome Beauty will not do 
well there. It originated less than 100 
week or 10 days in advance of sowing 
the seed; the rains will settle and firm 
the soil, and the weed seeds that remain 
in the ground will germinate freely at 
this season of the year. As soon as these 
have started the ground should be har¬ 
rowed level and thoroughly pulverized, 
thus making a fine seed bed on the sur¬ 
face in which to sow the seed. It should 
be planted in rows one food or 14 inches 
apart at the rate of eight or 10 pounds to 
the acre. North of central New Jersey 
this method of planting onions is risky, 
as the crop will often winter-kill, but 
farther south they frequently succeed in 
carrying the crop through without any 
protection and without loss. Silver-Skin 
or White Portugal is one of the hardiest, 
and an onion of fine appearance when 
bunched. The Yellow Globe Danvers, 
one of the most reliable market varieties 
we have for early Spring planting, does 
not appear to succeed well when sown in 
the Fall. t. m. white. 
New Jersey. 
Cultivating Huckleberries. 
P. IP., Pome, N. Y .—Can we cultivate 
huckleberries? 
Ans. —The cultivation of the huckle¬ 
berry has been tried repeatedly and near¬ 
ly always resulted in failures. There 
are some who have succeeded fairly well. 
Perhaps the most successful experi¬ 
menter with the different species of the 
huckleberry is Mr. F. V. Coville, botan¬ 
ist of the U. S. Department of Agricul¬ 
ture at Washington, D. C. He will be 
able to give definite information about 
how to proceed with the transplanting. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
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