1910. 
WESTERN CHICKEN MANURE. 
A citizen of St. Louis writes the Missouri 
State Board of Agriculture that during each 
year great quantities of hen manure are 
dumped into the river to get rid of it. He 
wants to know if it will pay to save and 
ship this manure. The reply in part is : 
“When you are dumping hen manure into 
the river you are dumping much value that 
would be a blessing on a vast number of 
farms and the truck gardens. If the large 
amount of this manure that is collected at 
some of the groat commission houses could 
be dried and then placed on the market it 
would certainly pay well. The drying would 
lessen the freight, and make the product 
more easily handled. The average hen on 
an average ration produces about 10 cents’ 
worth of manure in a year. That will be 
10 per cent on her price at $1. This is 
the lowest estimate where hens have been 
penned and the excrement analyzed.’’ 
The value of fresh hen manure is figured 
at $4 to $10 per ton, and air-dried at $9 
to $12. It is well nigh criminal to throw 
such values away. In the East hen manure 
is highly valued, and can be mixed with 
chemicals to form a complete fertilizer. For 
many years before the Civil War all 
through the South cotton-seed was thrown 
away and dumped into the rivers in order 
to get it out of the way. Now this seed 
yields oil for a great variety of purposes, 
meal for cattle feeding, flour for human 
consumption and hulls for feeding stock. 
At the western poultry markets great quan¬ 
tities of poultry manure accumulate. It 
has value for use in tanneries and for fer¬ 
tilizing and should be saved. 
COST OF A TURNIP CROP. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
any crop, the expense account is largely 
taken from memory ; also no charge is 
made for marketing the crop, but since this 
is done in connection with other produce, 
the cost is not very large. 
EXPENSE. 
Plowing two acres twice, man and 
team two days. $8.00 
Harrowing six times. 4.00 
Fertilizing and planting, 4 men and 
team . 8.o0 
Thinning and weeding. 20.00 
Cultivating, man and horse three 
days, thirty hours. 9.00 
Pulling and topping, five men two 
days . 15.00 
Hauling and storing, five men one 
day, with team. 11.50 
1,200 pounds fertilizer at $.32 per 
ton .’. 19.20 
RECEIPTS. 
460 bushels at 45'cents per bui 
200 bushels at 15 cents per bushel 
Total amount rec 
Less amount exp( 
Leaving a balanci 
Orange Co., N. Y. 
. $95. 
.20 
.$207 
.00 
. 30 
.00 
.00 
. 95 
.20 
.$141 
.80 
TIGHE BEOS. 
In the growing of rutabaga turnips we 
find that a thorough preparation of the soil 
previous to planting pays. We generally 
select a piece of sod land, plowing under 
late in April; by that time in our locality 
there is a good growth of grass, and by 
turning this under a fair amount of humus 
is secured. Last year, however, we plowed 
under instead a crop of Crimson clover 
which had been sown the previous year in 
a field of tomatoes. This stand of clover 
was not quite as good as some grown by 
us in previous years, wintering out some in 
spots, in fact along in March it looked as 
if it would all go. However, by May 15 it 
was a different story; the field was cov¬ 
ered with a rank growth of clover, making 
a sight very pleasing to the eye. This 
clover was plowed under May 15, the 
ground was thoroughly harrowed every two 
weeks until July 10, when we cross-plowed 
it. In cross plowing we found that the 
clover was pretty well rotted, and after 
working the field over several times with 
disk and spring-tooth harrow we had a 
fine seed bed. 
The field, which contains about two 
acres, was drilled, fertilized and sown July 
14. We used 1,200 pounds of a good fer- 
ilizer, analyzing 3-6-10, in the following 
manner: We took our corn marker and 
marked rows 30 inches apart, which dis¬ 
tance we have found is best suited to our 
needs. In the marks thus made, fertilizer 
was sowed, 600 pounds to the acre. 1 he 
ridges were then thrown over the fertilizer 
and raked down, after which the seed was 
sown. When the little plants arrived at 
the height of about one inch, the spike- 
tooth cultivator was started, followed by 
the wheel-hoe to keep down the weeds, 
which at this time of the year seemed to 
be very plentiful. Next began the weeding 
and thinning of the plants. They were 
thinned to a space of about five or six 
inches. If the soil is hard this is a tedious 
business, and it is rather hard sometimes 
to get men to do the work right, but by 
close attention a satisfactory job was ac¬ 
complished. August, 1909, hereabouts was 
hot and dry, but there seemed to be plenty 
of moisture in the soil, therefore the tur¬ 
nips grew well. The cultivator was kept 
going once a week until the second week 
in September, when the danger of weeds 
was over. The turnips were pulled, and 
topped into heaps the first week in No¬ 
vember, and as soon as possible they were 
hauled into the root cellar. Although we 
did not secure a bumper crop, it was a very 
satisfactory one, there being 660 bushels 
all told. The marketing was not begun 
until January 1 of this year, as the press 
of other crops which were more perishable 
made it impracticable to sell sooner. The 
rutabaga, however, is an excellent keeper 
with us, and we find no trouble in keeping 
them in good condition up to as late as 
May 1. The only trouble found with these 
turnips was that some grew too large for 
sale, weighing five pounds or more; these, 
cf which there were 200 bushels, had to 
be fed to the cows, as our customers want 
a medium-sized turnip. The remaining 460 
bushels were sold at from 40 to 50 cents 
per bushel, averaging 45 cents. We do not 
think that the 200 bushels fed to the 
stock were worth for that purpose more 
than 15 cents per bushel. In the figures 
given below it will be seen that there is 
charged for team work $4 per day; and 
man with cultivator 30 cents per hour. As 
no account is kept of the cost of producing 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK. 
DOMESTIC.—Claudio Faciola, a 15-year- 
old survivor of the Messina earthquake, de¬ 
tained at Ellis Island, is the subject of an - 
appeal made by the Italian Immigrant So¬ 
ciety to the Department of Commerce and 
Labor, asking that the boy may be allowed 
to land. At the time of the earthquake all 
of the boy’s family were killed but him¬ 
self. Wandering about without any money 
or means of caring for himself, he was 
picked up and sent to an orphan asylum. 
Shortly after the earthquake an older 
brother, Antonio Faciola, who has a pastry 
store here and is prosperous, went to Italy 
to look up the members of his family. lie 
was unable to get any trace of them and 
returned to New York. The Italian Gov¬ 
ernment made a canvass of Messina and 
got out a report giving the names of the 
dead and of the survivors so far as they 
could be ascertained. A copy of this pub¬ 
lication recently fell into Antonio Faciola’s 
hands and he fount! bis brother’s name and 
the address of the orphan asylum in it. So 
he sent a letter to his brother containing 
passage money to America, and the boy 
came on. The immigration authorities de¬ 
cided that because the boy had been in a 
public institution in Italy he was likely to 
become a public charge here, and he was 
ordered deported. Then the Italian Immi¬ 
grant Society took up the case and hope 
to get the order rescinded, or at least to 
get a rehearing of the case. 
The special grand jury directed by the 
State Attorney-General’s department at 
Newark, Ohio, September 1, reported on 
the lynching of Carl M. Etherington, an 
Anti-Saloon League detective, on July 8 
last. The report carried with it fifty- 
eight indictments, of which twenty-five were 
for first degree murder, twenty-one for 
rioting, ten for assault and battery and ten 
for perjury. Former Sheriff William Linke 
It is believed that Attorney Ilurrell will 
unearth sufficient matter to keep the legis¬ 
lative committee at work investigating the 
records of men alive at this date who wore 
vitally interested in the affairs of the 
Lyons Beet Sugar Refining Company at 
Albany. 
It is believed that the fire that destroyed 
several of the barns and outbuildings on 
the farm of Edward L. Lunt, Newbury, 
Mass., burned to death several tramps who 
were sleeping in a cow barn. The fire 
caused a damage of $15,000 to the prop¬ 
erty of Mr. Lunt and was only prevented 
from consuming the farmhouse through the 
use of many gHlions of milk that was ready 
for shipment to Boston. For some time 
tramps have been using the Lunt cow barn 
as a sleeping place. When the fire was 
discovered September 4 Mr. Lunt was 
awakened early and calling his farm hands 
set about in an effort of putting it out. 
There was no sign of the tramps and as the 
barn was totally destroyed there was no 
opportunity of ascertaining whether or not 
they were in the ruins. It is belived that 
the fire was caused by one of the tramps 
smoking in the hay. 
At the recent convention of the Society 
of American Florists at Rochester, N. Y., 
Baltimore, Md., was selected as the next 
convention city. George Asnvus, of Chi¬ 
cago, was elected president of the society, 
Richard Vincent, White Marsh, Md., vice- 
president; H. B. Dorner, Urbana, Ill., sec¬ 
retary ; William F. Easting, Buffalo, treas¬ 
urer.' The society gave expression to vigor¬ 
ous sentiments in support of parcels post. 
r Plin flvof rlirnr'f nrlmn l'V olnctinTl 111 NftW 
883 
yet are not ready to say what they expect, 
but are inclined to wait until they can 
hear what is being offered in other sec¬ 
tions. In former years this has been a 
harvest field for buyers, often buying for 
*1 to $1.50 per barrel less than they pay 
50 miles south. The idea is prevalent that 
we ought to get nearer the prices paid in 
other parts of the Hudson River Valley. 
Wasnington Co., N. Y. H. L. b. 
It is a long time since we have had a 
year with the apple crop so uneven as this. 
Along Lake Ontario shore are a few or¬ 
chards with fine crops, but even there the 
average yield is not up to last year, and 
probably not 40 per cent of a full crop. 
Back five miles lrom the lake I do not 
know of a single orchard with 25 per cent 
of a full crop. Buyers are talking big crop 
and trying to buy at less figures than last 
year, but I doubt if they can get them tor 
less than $3 a barrel. Bradley and others 
with crops of Duchess of Oldenburg have 
sold at $3.75 per barrel. These orchards 
are near the lake shore. By the way, it 
was a great joke on the father of the pres¬ 
ent Bradley in getting this orchard of 
Duchess. He bought them for Baldwins, 
several hundred, and when they first began 
to bear instituted suit against the nursery¬ 
man. But it was the happiest mistake that 
could have happened to him, as they have 
produced twice as many apples as the same 
number of Baldwins on his farm, and al¬ 
ways sell at top prices. His crop this year 
was over 1,000 barrels. 
Niagara Co., N. Y. J. s. woodwaud. 
The apple crop is very small, and of poor 
quality. No buyers through here as yet 
- - - . . * The following state- 
for perjur„. 
of Licking County, former Mayor Herbert 
Atherton of Newark, and former Chief of 
Police Robert Zergebiel are held to blame 
for the lynching. They could have pre¬ 
vented it, in the opinion of the Grand Jury, 
had they lived up to their official duty. The 
Sheriff is said to have cowardly deserted 
his post, the Mayor to have gone to bed at 
home and the chief to have gone to a 
noarby saloon to play cards. Responsibility 
is also lodged with the people, for the re¬ 
port says that had they elected competent 
officials the lynching would not have taken 
place. 
Three men planned to rob a Colorado 
Midland express train near Divide, Col., 
September 1, but only one of them tried to 
carry out the plot. He made a desperate 
effort, but in a struggle with Engineer 
Frank Stewart he was killed by a blow on 
the head with a rock. The robber’s re¬ 
volver was twice discharged in the fight 
and the engineer was severely wounded 
by one bullet, while another clipped the 
ear of a passenger who put his head out of 
the window at the wrong time. 
Several buildings on Main street, St. 
John. N. It., were burned September 2, and 
a high wind carried the flames to other 
structures. Starting in a livery stable, the 
fire destroyed that building, a carriage 
shop, a woodworking shop, a store and a 
shed. The loss is probably $100,000. 
The anomalous situation whereby the 
men injured in the service of the Govern¬ 
ment fighting forest fires in the Northwest 
mav not be aided by the Government when 
the disabilities incurred in the line of duty 
are so serious as to force them from the 
payroll will be met by the Red Cross. The 
number of injured is uncertain, but it is 
estimated that the cost of hospital ser¬ 
vices will not exceed $1,000. The sum, 
on the suggestion of Ernest P. Ricknell, 
of the Red Cross Society, will be placed to 
the credit of Associate Forester Greely, to 
be used at his discretion for the relief of 
the sufferers. When the list of dead and 
injured began to assume serious propor¬ 
tions the country was shocked to learn 
that the civilian fire fighters, though many 
of them had been pressed into service by 
law, could receive no aid under existing 
statutes from the Federal Government once 
they were disabled for further service. The 
soldiers engaged in fighting the fire are, 
of course, taken care of under the pension 
laws when they receive injuries, but all 
that was left for an injured civilian was to 
get out of the service. It is these men 
that the Red Cross will take care of. 1 he 
officials and employees of the Forest Service 
in Washington had already raised $180 by 
private subscription, but the extent of the 
disaster was felt to be greater than they 
could cope with. The aid from the Red 
Cross came unsolicited. 
Attorney Alfred Ilurrell, prober for the 
legislative Investigating committee, arrived 
at Lyons, N. Y„ September 1, and is looking 
up the scandal surrounding the disburse¬ 
ments made by Ilarry F. Zimmerlin in be¬ 
half of legislation favorable to the Lyons 
Beet Sugar Refining Company. The story nar¬ 
rated by Mr. Zimmerlin in bankruptcy 
proceedings at Seneca Falls before 
Referee Charles A. Hawley, in which he 
testified to paying the late Senator John 
Raines $6,000 and late Assemblyman Jean 
I, Burnett of Canandaigua $1,500, is 
scouted by friends of Raines and Burnett. 
more than two to one over the candidate 
of the regulars, the Hon. Bertram Ellis, of 
Keene. A feature of the primary in Con¬ 
cord was the complete rout of Senator 
Jacob H. Gallinger in his home ward. The 
ward went for Bass, as did the entire city. 
Senator Gallinger was a candidate for 
delegate to the State convention and was 
defeated overwhelmingly. Former Senator 
Chandler, who also was a candidate for 
delegate to the State convention, was de¬ 
feated by a slight majority in the Eighth 
ward, the Boston and Maine railroad exert¬ 
ing its influence against him on account of 
his support of Bass. 
OBITUARY. — Dr. Charles Anthony 
Goessmann, pioneer in agricultural investi¬ 
gation and chemistry and for nearly 40 
years a member of the Massachusetts Agri¬ 
cultural college, died September 2, at Am¬ 
herst, at the age of 83. He was best 
known for the services he rendered to the 
farmers of his State by his work at the 
experiment station, over which he had 
charge. At the time of his withdrawal 
from active work as a teacher three years 
ago special exercises were held by the 
alumni in his honor. Dr. Goessmann was 
born in Naumburg, Germany, and received 
his Ph. D. from the University of Gottin¬ 
gen in 1853. After a few years laboratory 
teaching at this institution .he came to the 
United States in 1857 and at the instance 
of an American fellow student assumed 
control of a sugar refinery in Philadelphia. 
He studied the sugar industry in Cuba and 
the West Indies and in 1861 became chem¬ 
ist of the Onondaga Salt Works at Syra¬ 
cuse. For eight years ho remained there 
and contributed important reports on the 
salt deposits of Canada and Louisiana. A 
short period of teaching at the Rensselaer 
Polytechnic Institute occupied him until he 
became professor of chemistry at the Mas¬ 
sachusetts Agricultural College. Soon after 
he went there Dr. Goessmann became in¬ 
terested in the agricultural problems of the 
State, both practical and scientific, for at 
that time this sort of investigation was lit¬ 
tle known. He became chemist to the State 
board and made many reports and lectures, 
particularly on the subject of fertilizing. 
He was the first president of the Associa¬ 
tion of Official Agriculturists. His con¬ 
clusions on the practical value of sorghum 
as a source of sugar and the feasibility of 
beet sugar production were the starting 
point for later studies in that line. It 
was at his suggestion that an experiment 
station was instituted and he assumed con¬ 
trol of it. In 1899 he was an honorary 
representative of the Department of Agri¬ 
culture to study matters of science in Eu¬ 
rope. He wrote many monographs and 
papers on chemical subjects. lie was a 
member of the Physieo-Medical Society of 
the University of Erlangen in Germany, 
honorary member of the Massachusetts 
State Agricultural Society, a fellow of the 
A. A. A. S. and from 1886 to 1887 presi¬ 
dent of the Amherst Chemical Society. 
Amherst conferred upon him the degree of 
doctor of laws in 1899. 
than last year, dealer 
larger. A well-known grower reports that 
he had made a personal investigation of 
conditions in this part of the belt and is 
sure that the crop will be fully 40 per cent 
smaller than last year. Baldwins, he add¬ 
ed, are the only variety to show up any¬ 
where like a good crop. For that reason he 
believed that growers ought to obtain as 
•much for their fruit as they did last year. 
What the growers want for the best barrel¬ 
ing stock, he added, is $3 per barrel, and 
if they cannot get it. some of them will 
place their fruit in cold storage. Operators, 
on the other hand, take a more bearish 
view. They claim that the crop through¬ 
out the country is heavier than last year 
and that as they lost money a year ago, 
they cannot afford to pay as much lor 
barreling stoyk as they did then. Most of 
them are of the belief that they ought to 
be able to secure good red fruit this 1> all 
at $2 a barrel at the most, and some claim 
that the range ought to be from $l.io to 
$1.90 per barrel.” C. it. J. 
Penfield, N. Y. 
CROP NOTES. 
It has been exceedingly dry here. Wheat, 
oats, and hay were good crops. Corn and 
potatoes are almost a failure. Hundreds 
of acres of potatoes are not worth digging, 
and ground being prepared for wheat, nood 
rains yesterday (September 4) and to-day. 
Trumbull Co., O. *’• l. allkn. 
We are having plenty of rain (September 
3* this week. It will help corn and pota¬ 
to crops provided no frost comes early. 
Wheat and oats are fair ; corn crop is good 
in some sections. Potatoes aro half a crop. 
We have lots of peaches, 50 to 80 cents a 
basket. D - u - s * 
Snyder Co., Pa. 
1 got 20 pounds of Cow-horn turnip seed, 
and have a fine seeding on one field of corn, 
10 acres. They are the first in this neigh¬ 
borhood. 1 believe it is possible to grow 
Alfalfa seed here. All we have to do here 
to get an Alfalfa seeding is to sow it with 
oats or barley in the Spring, just as you 
would clover seed. It will grow on wheat 
with other seed in the Spring. I have six 
acres now that I believe will make five 
tons all told. Will put in 10 acres next 
Spring if possible. We have had rains to 
start the ditches running in the last two 
weeks. The smallest fruit crop I ever saw 
here Only a few orchards have apples, 
but 'those are linf»'; the only full crop is 
peaches. Grain, hay and corn are a full 
crop here. Some wheat going oJ bushels to 
the acre, and about all going over 30. 
Geneva. N. Y. w. J. K. 
BUYING WESTERN HAY DIRECT, 
Some weeks ago we printed a letter from 
a reader in Prowers Co., Col., referringjto 
Alfalfa hay. This county touches 
western boundary of Kansas, and 
the 
we 
PRICES FOR APPLES. 
As yet the buyers have not commenced 
to make any offers, and we expect the sit¬ 
uation to open up in a day or so. b. 
Winchester, Va. 
There have not as yet been any sales 
made or offers that I know of. The buyers 
aro expecting as much as they got last 
season, which was $4 per barrel F. O. B. 
cars for Albemarle Pippins, and $3.a0 to 
$3.75 for Winesap. J- J - B - 
Covesville, Va. 
No price on Winter apples yet. but I think 
some huvers would offer $2.50 now lor 
some lots'. I shall have about 3,000 barrels 
and nothing less than $3 will touch them. 
I am paying from $3 to $3.50 now for ball 
apples. Blush, Twenty Ounce, etc. c. a. 
Orleans Co., N. Y. 
I have not heard of any offers for barrel 
apples vet. Apples are pretty scarce here. 
It seems to be the opinion of others as well 
as mvself that good stock will bring $1 a 
bushel loose. The following are the prices 
paid by canning factories : Chops 25 cents 
per 100 pounds, windfalls 70 cents per 
100; picked $1 per 100. Apples have 
dropped badly, making them thinner than 
ever. v - s - D- 
Marion, N. Y. 
Absolutely nothing doing on Winter ap¬ 
ples. Growers are holding for $3, dealers 
•talking” $2 to $2.25, and emphasizing 
heavy losses of last year. If price is not 
satisfactory, larger growers will put in 
told storage here or elsewhere. No sales of 
low grades to evaporators, very unusual 
for this section. Both “dealers” and manu¬ 
facturers are afraid of the dried fruit mar¬ 
ket. E - w - c - 
Wayne Co., N. Y. 
As vet I have heard of no sales; buyers 
are offering $1 to $1.50, while growers as 
wished to see if any of our Eastern read¬ 
ers were interested in dealing directly with 
Western hay growers. We also wished to 
see if it is possible to secure freight rates 
which would make such direct dealing pos¬ 
sible. As a result of this letter over 600 
tons of hay were called for, the orders be¬ 
ing conditional upon freight rates. After 
much delay such rates were finally given. 
Here are a few of them from l’rowers Lo., 
Col. : New York, N. Y., 64 cents per 100 ; 
\ Y., 64 cents; Cunningham, Ala., 40 
cents. ’ These rates are prohibitive. For 
example, it will cost $12.80 per ton to put 
this hay in New York, while the original 
cost will be $10 to $12. That is more 
than a dairyman could afford to pay for 
the hay at present prices for dairy prod¬ 
ucts. We feared that these high freight 
rates would prevent profitable direct deal¬ 
ing between East and West. It is but 
another argument in favor of making Al¬ 
falfa grow on your own farm. There will 
be little competition from the West. 
Real Estate Agent’s Charges.— 
Speaking of the rate charge of real estate 
men for selling farm property, I give the 
figures of a recent transaction here. A 
real estate dealer sold my property, and I 
agreed.to pay him two per cent of the 
selling price. This is the regular rate, 
but generally there is an advance fee pf 
$5 for listing the property, but this I did 
not pay. I signed an agreement to pay 
him this fee in case he found a purchaser 
for the property before a certain date, and 
also agreed that if I sold the property to 
any partv who had previously negotiated 
or attempted to negotiate with the agent, 
then he was entitled to the full commission 
of two per cent on the sale. R- b. 
Wyoming Co., N. Y. 
