888 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
WISCONSIN ALFALFA. 
I will add a few words in regard to 
our experience here the past trying Sum¬ 
mer with Alfalfa. 1 have never before 
seen the time in 15 years that I could 
not cut three crops, but the drought set 
the third cutting back so that quite a 
considerable portion of the 60 acres I 
have I will not touch, but let it stand as 
a protection for the coming Winter. In 
this latitude care must be taken every 
year to cut the Alfalfa early enough so 
that the fourth crop will attain a height 
of at least a foot and thus protect the 
ground during the Winter. Everyone 
who sowed clover last Spring through¬ 
out the State of Wisconsin has lost it, 
killed by the drought and Summer heat, 
and the Alfalfa in most cases still lives, 
and we hope will come on with the Fall 
rains and make a success. This is one 
of the distinctive differences in favor of 
Alfalfa. It stands the heat of the first 
Summer when sown with a nurse crop 
or otherwise, much more sturdily than 
does clover. • w. d. hoard. 
USE FOR INFERTILE EGGS. 
In running my incubators, I have a con¬ 
siderable percentage of eggs that are re¬ 
jected on the second and final tests as 
sterile, partially fertile or bad. These eggs 
I have thrown away as worthless, but in an 
article, contributed to the Mother’s Maga¬ 
zine of August by Mrs. Louise Harriet Mod- 
dor, of the National Fanciers’ and Breed¬ 
ers’ Association, she says she permits no 
waste of this kind, but readily disposes of 
these eggs, the infertile to bakeries, the 
next grade to book binders and leather 
dressers and the bad or spoiled eggs to 
calico print, dye and dry paste makers, and 
lias calls far beyond her supply. Will you 
give me light upon this matter, whether 
such eggs are of safe use and have a com¬ 
mercial value and market? H. c. 
Seneca Falls, N. Y. 
It is customary on the larger poultry 
farms to dispose of the clear or infertile 
eggs after the first test, to bakeries or 
such traders, under their true name. When 
eggs have been kept in the machine only 
six or seven days and are perfectly clear 
at the end of that time, they are much 
more preferable for baking purposes 
than the majority of the cold-storage 
eggs which bakers use. I know nothing 
of disposing of spoiled eggs to book 
binders, etc. Infertile eggs that have re¬ 
mained in the machine until the second 
test are not in a condition to be used 
for baking. The small poultryman usu¬ 
ally cooks up the infertile eggs which he 
removes from the machines and feeds 
them to his young chicks. c. a. r. 
IS LUMPY JAW CONTAGIOUS? 
On page 780, in the column of “Ailing 
Animals.” in A. S. A.’s report to R. W. C. 
on “actinomycosis" or lumpy jaw, he states 
lumpy jaw is not transmitted to man 
through milk. Probably in most all cases it 
is not. but should the wound lie open and 
running, and the cow affected be milked, 
there is great danger that the ray fungus 
germs which cause lumpy jaw, may find 
their way into the milk and thereby be 
transmitted to man. In a great many 
places where dairy laws prevail, actinomy¬ 
cosis is one disease that will disqualify 
an animal for the dairy. There was one 
death of a man in Pennsylvania this last 
Soring, reported to have been duo from the 
meat of an affected animal. In all cases, 
both of milk and meat, great care should 
be taken in the handling of an affected 
animal. c. l. hall, d. v. s. 
U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. 
I am obliged to Dr. Hall for his opinion 
in this matter, and agree with him that 
“great care should be taken in the handling 
of an affected animal.” But I have no rea¬ 
son to change what I have said regarding 
actinomycosis in these columns. The dis¬ 
ease is not conveyed to man by milk. In 
making that statement I of course mean 
that the milk of an animal affected with 
actinomycosis does not contain the ray fun¬ 
gus (actinomyces) and therefore could not 
convey the disease to persons drinking the 
milk. It is of course possible that such a 
thing as accidental contamination of milk 
with pus from an actinomycotic abscess 
might occur. I have never heard of such 
a case, however, nor is there any record 
of such a case in any treatise on the sub¬ 
ject at my command. It may be stated, 
too, that there is not, so far as I am aware 
any direct proof that persons might con¬ 
tract the disease from milk contaminated, 
even in the way indicated. The possibility 
of such manner of contracting the disease 
is at least decidedly remote; but it would 
be highly objectionable to have milk so 
contaminated and such milk if detected 
would be condemned on general principles, 
and the owner of the cow subject to dis¬ 
cipline by any dairy inspection service, 
and rightly so. There are many cases on 
record of men having contracted actinomy¬ 
cosis. I quite believe the man in Pennsyl¬ 
vania had the disease, but that he con¬ 
tracted it from meat is scarcely possible of 
successful proof. Cooking kills the 
actinomyces. Meat of an affected part of 
the animal would not be eaten by anyone. 
Meat of the parts of the body not seen 
to be affected are allowed on the market 
by the Bureau of Animal Industry inspec¬ 
tors for the Government. I would not 
favor for a moment the use of any meat 
or milk that is known to be dangerous to 
man, and I do not believe that fancied 
danger should condemn otherwise useful 
animal products for sale on the market. 
The writer was all through the fight on tills 
subject in Illinois many years ago and is 
perfectly conversant with all aspects of the 
matter. Some old-time authorities made 
statements to the effect that actinomycosis 
was directly transmissible from animal to 
animal and from animals to man by con¬ 
tact or through their meat, but modern 
scientists are not of this opinion. Author¬ 
ities in numbers might be quoted to that 
effect, but a few should suffice. Prof. Osier, 
M. I)., whose prominence as an authority 
need scarcely be stated here, says on page 
230 of his standard work on the principles 
and practice of medicine (human) that 
“There is no evidence of direct infection 
with the flesh or the milk of diseased ani¬ 
mals. The steptothrix lias not been de¬ 
tected outside of the body. It seems highly 
probable that it is taken in with the food. 
The site of infection in a majority of cases 
in man and animals is the mouth or neigh¬ 
boring passages. In the cow, possibly also 
in man, barley, oats and rye have been 
carriers of the germ.” In the text book 
on meat hygiene edited and translated by 
Dr. John It. Mobler, chief of the Pathologi¬ 
cal Division of the F. S. Bureau of Animal 
Industry, Washington, D. C., we find the 
following paragraph : “Although actinomy¬ 
cosis may at times affect man dangerously, 
no instance lias been observed of a direct 
transmission of the fungus to people, either 
from living or slaughtered animals. The 
actinomycotic tissues should be condemned 
as unfit for human food on account of their 
decidedly abnormal consistence. * * * * 
The parts showing actinomycotic changes 
should be condemned.” From the same 
source is taken the following paragraph : 
“In accordance with Bureau of Animal In¬ 
dustry Order 150, Regulation 13, section II, 
paragraphs 1-3, carcasses affected with gen¬ 
eralized actinomycosis should be con¬ 
demned : in case the affection has not ex¬ 
tended from the primary area of infection 
and is confined to the head, the carcass is 
passed for food, while the head and tongue 
is condemned. Where file lesions are un¬ 
complicated and localized the infected organ 
or parts are condemned, while the carcass 
is passed for food.” Profs. C’adeac, Le 
Blanc and Carougeau of France, in their 
work on the principles of veterinary sur¬ 
gery, say: “Tlie danger of infection from 
meat of actinomycotic animals is nil. The 
parasite in meat is already almost deprived 
of its pathogenicity, and cooking, even 
though slight, removes all grounds for ap¬ 
prehension. It is absolutely illogical to at¬ 
tribute the cases of intestinal actinomy¬ 
cosis to the ingestion of meat taken from 
infected animals.” Lastly it may be stated 
that those noted bacteriologists, Profs. II. 
L. Russell and K. G. Hastings of the Uni¬ 
versity of Wisconsin, say in their text book 
on agricultural bacteriology, “Man does not 
acquire the disease (actinomycosis) directly 
from cattle, but is infected in the same 
manner as are cattle, through wounds in 
the mouth. The meat of animals that have 
the disease in a localized form is fit for 
human food and is passed by the inspectors 
in the slaughter houses.” 
I do not wish to be thought as advising 
readers of The R. N t .-Y. against their own 
interests, and I think the above will show 
that I have good grounds for the statement 
made relative to actinomycosis. 
A. S. ALEXANDER, V. S. 
Professor of Veterinary Science, Univer¬ 
sity of Wisconsin. 
SALES OF PUREBRED STOCK. 
Farmers and dairymen usually show a 
preference for the purchase and startiug of 
new blood in their herds by purchasing 
their animals in the Spring, in March or 
April. They usually buy bull calves com¬ 
ing a year old, and usually dispose of them 
when they become two or three years old, 
simply because at that age they usually 
become vicious. As a matter of fact, the 
mature bull is of much greater service in 
the production of stock than the younger 
animal, but very few of the fully devel¬ 
oped animals are kept, for the reason which 
I have stated. JOHN m'lexxax. 
My experience has been that there is little 
difference in the amount of sales made, from 
March to December 1. I find about as 
many persons wishing stock one season 
as another. But during the Winter months 
there are fewer sales made; wnen one or 
two are sold at a time they are generally 
shipped by express, and there is more dan¬ 
ger of being caught in cold weather while 
on the cars; the animals not being accus¬ 
tomed to the change are liable to catch cold 
and develop bowel trouble. It is always 
preferable to ship when weather is more 
favorable. The majority of bulls sold range 
from four to 10 months old. they cost less 
money and the expense is much less in 
transportation. In buying an aged bull 
there is some danger of getting one not as 
potent as he once was, therefore losing the 
investment of your money. Most bulls are 
kept (if they can lie controlled), from four 
to 10 years. The herd bull we have now is 
past eight years old, and very vigorous, and 
sure as a sire. I expect to keep him as long 
as he is useful. J. aldus herr. 
Pennsylvania. 
The Spring months are far the most de¬ 
sirable for the sale of males. The month 
of March is probably the most desirable 
month of the whole year for the sale of 
male calves, and there is usually quite a call 
for yearling bulls about the middle of May, 
that is the time when most farmers turn 
out their young stock and commence to 
look around for something in the male line 
to turn out. With reference to females we 
will say that for the last two or three 
years we have found the greatest call the 
last of May and up to the fifteenth of June. 
The Fall trade commences usually about the 
middle of October, and we generally have 
plenty of buyers during all the Winter 
months. July, August and Septmber are 
the poorest months of the year with us to 
sell stock, although this year we have been 
fairly successful. Most of the buyers, how¬ 
ever, have been small purchasers, that is to 
say, customers purchasing one or two head. 
With reference to the length of time that 
breeders keep a bull in service, the average 
farmer using a purebred bull on grade cows 
very seldom keeps a bull over three years 
old. This, we think, is due, however, to 
their not providing a proper place to keep 
a bull after he attains that age. It is not 
so with Holstein breeders who are up to 
date, as most of them aim to own one of 
the very best bred Lulls that their circum¬ 
stances will permit; that is to say, a sire 
with as many large butter records close up 
in his pedigree as possible. One reason 
that they wish to retain them is that they 
usually spend quite a lot of money adver¬ 
tising them and placing their offspring on 
the market, and another reason is that a 
well-bred animal cannot be purchased for 
any small amount. Most breeders like to 
keep the females sired by their herd sire 
and make official butter records, thus estab¬ 
lishing an increased value on the sire. We 
know of several of the largest breeders who 
have bulls in active service that are 10 or 
12 years old. rivenburgh Bros. 
New York. 
STOCK AILMENTS, 
Worms on Sheer.— This is the season of 
the year for them. When the flies find any I 
moist wool they deposit eggs which hatch j 
with the heat of the sun and the animals, , 
and cause torture and finally deatli if not 
removed. Turpentine, gasoline or kerosene 
are the common remedies, but are not the 
right ones, although they are more or less ! 
efficient. Any of the good dips are much j 
better. They are sure unless the case is 
too far gone, and they do not add any tor¬ 
ture in the application. Dilute 20 or even 
50 times, and soak the wet places as well 
as apply a few inches around them. All 
worms and nits will be destroyed. The 
dips are also good for sores and injuries 
about farm animals and useful to keep the 
flies away. One quart gives aid and com¬ 
fort to several hundred sheep, besides other 
animals each year on our place. 
Foot-Rot. —This is a sore trouble to the 
shepherd, unless lie knows it and has the 
skill to cure it. It must not be confounded 
with "scald” or “hoof-ail.” Cattle get that, 
but no animal ever gets the foot-rot proper 
except sheep. The principal factor in the 
cure is a skilful knife user who can cut 
away the loose hopf without drawing blood, 
and leave the sore, the virus and disease 
germs exposed. After that all that is nee- I 
essary is an application of an astringent 
paste which will stick and eat away all 
diseased tissue. If it lias touched eyerv 
diseased part, that case of foot-rot is gone, 
although the sheep, or a sound one, will 
get it again when the infection gets to the 
right place. A poor hand with the knife 
leaves the last state of the sheep worse 
than at the first, so this is one of the many 
things which should only be done right. 
Lumpy Jaw in Cattle. —Every now and 
then a reader describes a case of this which i 
lie has, in its last stages. The only advice I 
that should be given him then is mercifully 
to end the life of the animal. Why any 
sane man will let a poor beast suffer for 
months with a gradually increasing growth 
on its face or neck, until the poor thing 
has passed its day of grace, and then ask 
for a remedy, is past comprehension. Any 
man with eyes should have seen the growth, 
when the size of a hickory nut or walnut, 
and get busy. Even if he had waited 
longer, he still had time, but when the 
neck or head becomes a big bunch of dis¬ 
eased meat, or bone and pus. the owner of 
that poor, suffering animal is unworthy of 
consideration. There was a germ or prop¬ 
erly a spore of a species of fungus implanted 
which multiplied, made irritation and in a 
few months or many would cause the ani¬ 
mal’s death, from pain and local disease. 
During the first stages when the germs were 
in a small bunch, they and a small part of 
the contiguous healthy flesh, could have 
been removed with a, sharp pocket knife. 
Another way could be used by any one 
able to give the animal daily food or water. 
The germs can be destroyed where they 
are in the early stages with iodide of po¬ 
tassium. One dram a day got into the 
beast’s system, for ten successive days, 
then a rest of about that long, then a rep¬ 
etition of the treatment, will find them. If, 
by any means, the medicine has not, after | 
another rest, another ten drams will, but 
the knife is the quickest and sure. There 
is no reason except ignorance or careless¬ 
ness why any steer or cow should die of 
antinomycosis or lumpjaw. 
BUCKEYE. 
September 17, 
[ When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 10. 
Keep Hogs 
A DIPPING TANK OR A HOG WALLOW 
WITH 
KRESO DIP N2.I 
WILL DO THE WORK 
THERE IS NO EXCUSE FOR LOUSY MANGY 
UNTHRIFTY PIGS. IF YOU HAVE SOME 
OF THIS KIND YOU WILL FIND IT WORTH 
WHILE TO GET OUR CIRCULAR ON 
TANKS AND WALLOWS. IT TELLS 
HOW TO MAKE THEM OF CEMENT 
KRESO DIP N2I 
IS A REAL NECESSITY 
ABOUT ALL LIVE STOCK 
FOR HILLING LICE.TICKS,MITES,FLEAS. 
FOR TREATING SCAB.MANGE,RINGWORM, 
AND OTHER SKIN DISEASES: 
TO DISIN FECT, DEODORIZE, 
CLEANSE Gc PURIFV. 
ALL OF THESE USES FULLY DESCRIBED 
IN OUR BOOKLETS . WRITE FOR COPIES 
ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR KRESO DIP NOT 
PARKE,DAVIS 8t CO. 
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
DETROIT, 
MICH. 
^^MANUfACrURCD by 
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Interior Dairy Barn of .Montana School for the Deaf and Blind. 
LETTER FROM SUPERINTENDENT MILLIGAN. 
Boulder, Mont., March 24, 1910 
Kent Manufacturing Co., Fort Atkinson, Wis. 
Gentlemen:— The James Sanitary Cow Stalls and Steel Stanchions installed 
in our Dairy Barn last summer have proved very satisfactory. 
Yours very truly. L. E. Milligan, Supt. 
The equipment in this barn consists of the James Steel Stalls complete with patent align¬ 
ing stanchions and self-cleaning divided mangers. ’The aligning device is adjusted to line up 
all the cows, long and short, on the gutter behind. This prevents littering the stall and makes 
the labor of barn cleaning much easier. The divided manger enables the attendant to feed each 
cow separately according to her requirements. She cannot get more or less feed than is given 
her. The mangers are self-cleaning. A trough built in the floor of the barn forms the bottom of 
the manger. The front and partitions are in sections of six divisions,hinged to the stall frame,and 
are easily lifted up by meansof counter weights. The bottom can then he swept perfectly clean 
and used for watering purposes._ The saving in labor alone will pay for this equipment in one 
year, and the increased production from the cows, because of the added comfort and cleanli¬ 
ness, will he clear extra profit. Write for catalogand full particulars of James Equipment to 
KENT MFG. CO., 130 CANE STREET, FT. ATKINSON, WISCONSIN. 
