©06 
Live Stock and Dairy 
TREATMENT OF CREAM. 
I would like some instruction or advice 
how to treat cream so it could be churned 
and gathered in some reasonable length of 
time. We have no trouble in cold weather 
when the cows are fed on dry feed, hut in 
the warm Summer months it is almost 
impossible to churn and gather it; and I 
would like to know how to use a thermom¬ 
eter. G. p. 
Sodus, N. Y. 
Skim a rich cream, at least rich enough 
so that one gallon of it will make three 
pounds of butter. Cool the cream imme¬ 
diately after skimming, keeping it at a 
low temperature (40°-50°) until 12 hours 
before churning. Then warm to a tem¬ 
perature of 70°, or a little less, and add a 
small amount of clean-flavored sour milk 
or buttermilk, stirri ng occasionally during 
the ripening process. Try churning 
at a temperature of 64°, or even a little 
higher, but not high enough to cause the 
butter to come in soft lumps. Of course 
if you find that your butter will come at 
a lower temperature, so much the better. 
From 54° to 62° is generally recom¬ 
mended for Summer churning, c. s. M. 
VENTILATING A STABLE. 
What is the best way to ventilate a cow 
stable 40 feet long, 20 feet wide, eight feet 
to ceiling? It will shelter 12 cows. 
New York. G. A. G. 
The best and easiest way to ventilate 
your stable is to make openings in the 
walls and cover them with muslin or 
some thicker material through which the 
fresh air enters and the foul air escapes 
by diffusion. About two square feet of 
muslin should be provided for each 
cow, most of which should be over ven¬ 
tilators in the south and east sides at 
least four feet from the floor. Those 
placed in the north and west sides 
should be covered with No. 10 cotton 
duck and made perfectly tight around 
the edges, so that no air can enter ex¬ 
cept through the cloth. Shutters or cov¬ 
ers should be provided for about half 
of the ventilators, so they can be closed 
in very cold weather if the temperature 
of the stable falls below 45 or 50 de¬ 
grees F. If, however, your stable al¬ 
ready contains more windows than is 
required for light you can simply tack 
the muslin on to frames and place them 
in the windows without making more 
openings. c. s. G. 
COST OF RAISING A HEIFER. 
On page 764 you have an article re¬ 
lating to the cost of maintaining a heifer 
from birth to two years of age, and in¬ 
vite discussion of the subject. The debit 
side of the statement corresponds to my 
own estimate quite well, but I cannot 
see how one could fail to credit the 
animal with more than $5. To go into 
detail a little, in order to make my 
statements clear, it will be necessary to 
give a rough estimate of the factors en¬ 
tering into this two years’ maintenance. 
Based upon personal experience I have 
fed heifers during the period referred 
to, estimated as a Winter ration for con¬ 
venience, approximately: 
23 gals, whole milk, 13e per gal....$ 3.00 
55 cwt. separated milk, 18c per cwt. 10.00 
Half ton oil meal, middlings, and 
bran (pro. 1, 2, 3), $30. 15.00 
2 tons hay (clover), $10 per ton.... 20.00 
5 1-5 tons corn silage, $2.50 per ton. 13.00 
Total feed .$61.00 
Labor, rent, bedding, etc., as per 
your schedule . 16.00 
Total expense .$77.00 
Now, this is not accurate, but it rep¬ 
resents close to the recognized amount 
necessary to bring a heifer to reasonable 
maturity, expressed in food values. 
Taking these food items separately and 
reducing them to products of excretion, 
in terms of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, 
and potash, we would have a basis of 
commercial fertilizers; and consequently, 
a fairly correct estimate of their worth. 
These chemicals may be purchased at 
prices approximating 15, 6 and 4^2 cents 
per pound, respectively. It is well 
known that animals vary greatly in the 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
September 24, 
quantity and quality of their excretions, 
depending largely upon the age of the 
animal and the nature of its food. With 
cattle this variation in excretion is, per¬ 
haps, from 50 to 85 per cent of the food 
eaten. Inasmuch as a growing heifer 
would excrete considerably less than a 
cow, but hardly as little as the lowest 
percentage for the period of two years, 
I have placed her product at 60 per cent 
of her total food consumption. Com¬ 
puted on this basis we have the follow¬ 
ing result, viz.: 
Milk, 2% tons, fertilizing value....$ 3.29 
Oil meal, middlings and bran (pro. 
1, 2, 3), fertilizing value, half ton 4.00 
Corn silage, 5 1-5 tons, fertilizing 
value . 3.25 
Hay, clover, 2 tons, fertilizing value. 9.06 
Incidentals (beets, carrots, whole 
milk, etc.), fertilizing value.30 
Total fertilizing value (expressed in 
the predominant chemicals con¬ 
tained) .$20.00 
This estimate does not include litter 
which should be charged back to the 
animal’s credit in proportion, as well as 
numerous other ingredients having high 
fertilizing qualities. It may be urged 
that, in actual practice, this amount is 
not available. That is neither here nor 
there. It is “up to” the cattle raiser to 
see that it is available. This computa¬ 
tion would materially lessen the cost of 
raising a heifer to two years of age. In 
your estimate the cost of maintenance is 
$71. Credit the animal with $20, and 
you would have $51 as the net cost of 
development. Arthur l. mitchell. 
New York. 
HOG HOUSE OF CEMENT BLOCKS. 
I am contemplating building a hoghouse 
about 12x100 foot, ton foot high, for brood 
sows. Would it bo practical to build it of 
concrete blocks, and also concrete floors? 
Would it be as healthy as wooden floor 
for small pigs? I purpose to put upper 
floor to crib corn. l. c. b. 
Ohio. 
Can You Make 
Answer? 
Can you 
for common 
answer this 
frankly ? 
make any agent 
cream separators 
fair question 
Ask him why his 
K 
Contents ol one o! the common separators 
which are being rapidly discarded for 
Sharpies Dairy Tubulars. 
machines have top heavy bowls filled with 
disks or other contraptions. He will put 
ou off with an unsatisfactory explanation, 
e has only common machines to sell. 
Does he realize he will lose your order if 
he admits his machines are out-of-date 
and needlessly complicated? That com¬ 
mon machines are out-of-date is proved 
by the fact that 
Sharpies Dairy Tubular 
Cream Separators 
are entirely different from and vastly super¬ 
ior to common machines. Dairy Tubulars 
have suspended, self-balancing bowls fed 
through thelowerend. Only known method 
of proper construction. Contain neither 
disks nor other contraptions. Produce twice 
the skimming force, skim faster and twice 
as clean as common separators. Patented. 
The World’s Best. World’s biggest sepa¬ 
rator works. Branch factories in Canada 
and Germany. Sales exceed most, if not all, 
others combined. Probably replace more 
common separators than anyone maker oi 
such mach¬ 
ines sells. 
Write tor 
Cat a I o gue 
No. 153 
30 
yrs 
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 
WEST CHESTER, I’A. 
Chicago, Ill., Son Francisco, Col., Portland, Ora. 
Toronto, Can., Winnipeg, Can. 
S II E 3D 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal. - ’ See guarantee page 10. 
The 
MOST 
MONEY 
for One Dollar 
Invested in Food 
from 
‘The GUERNSEY COW 
Her Dairy Products have Scored the Highest Quality and Best Color 
The Guernsey was the First Breed to establish sa 
Advanced Register on basis oi Years Records 
with Public Supervision. 
An average of over 1000 official year’s records show . 
8000 lbs. Milk 400 lbs. Butter Fat 
(Equivalent to 460 lbs. butter) 
AVERAGE PER CENT. BUTTER FAT 5.07 
DAIRY CATTIjE j 
•Full information regarding the breed by writing 
The American Guernsey Cattle Club 
Bo* R PETERBORO, N. H. 
HOLSTEIN CATTLE 
THE MOST PROFITABLE DAIRY BREED 
Illustrated Descriptive Booklets Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI ESI A N ASS’N OF AMERICA 
F. L. HOUGHTON, SEC' Y, BOX 105, BRATTLEBORO.VT. 
The BLOOMING DALE HERD OF 
HOLSTKIN-FBIESIANS 
are bred for large production. Good size, Strong 
Constitution, Best Individuality. 
If these are the kind you want write or come to 
see them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes 
and all ages to offer at prices that will please yon. 
A special offer on some nicely bred Bum, Cai/vks. 
A. A. CORTELYOU. Somerville. N. J. 
SHROPSHIRES, HAMFSHIRES AND 
BERKSHiRES FOR SALE 
Q HKOPSH 1 KE yearling and nun lambs. Hampshire ram 
^ lambs. Breeding ewes, both breeds, Imported Trysull 
Champion—Champion at Chicago International 1907 —at 
head of Shropshires. Cholderton 5398 bred by H. C. 
Stephens, England, at head of Hampshires. 
All Registered. Farmers’ Prices. Send For Circular. 
Also three registered four months old Berkshire hoar 
pigs by imported Lord Akin S. 04146 , very cheap. 
W.BABLOW DUNLAP, Amsterdam, N.Y. 
REGISTERED OHIO 
HOLSTEI NS- FRIESIANS. 
THE HAWNDALE STOCK FARM 
For three years tho home of 1’ietertje Henger- 
veld’s Count DeKol. Eighty head. Bull calves 
for sale. Address. 
CHAS. W, IIORR, 
Wellington, Ohio 
It will be all right to build the walls 
of concrete blocks, provided there are 
plenty of windows to secure ventilation. 
These should be high enough so the 
draft will he above the hogs. Concrete 
floors are objectionable because of 
dampness, hut not much worse than 
plank floors, as usually kept. To make 
a cement floor satisfactory, drain tile 
should be laid around the wall under the 
soil, a foot or more, to dry out the soil, 
and then when the concrete base is laid 
cover it with tarred paper before putting 
on the top coat. It will make a better 
floor to put down, say, two inches of 
concrete, then the paper, then three 
inches of concrete with an inch of fin¬ 
ish ; the concrete base, one to eight, the 
finish, one of cement to two of sand. 
Say the building fronts to east, or south¬ 
west,-with plenty of window front. Then 
the nests can he on back part; in this 
case, the floor should slope two inches in 
the 12 feet. This will cause the water, 
waste, and urine to run away from the 
nests, and tend to keep them dry. A 
short time ago the writer stored wool 
in a building having a concrete floor. 
Between the wool and the floor for a 
part of the floor was placed one-half¬ 
inch plank with one-half-inch slats under 
them. The remainder of the floor was 
covered with galvanized iron. Some of 
the wool over the plank had to be put 
out in the sun for a time before it could 
be sacked. That over the galvanized 
iron was dry. The sides of this build¬ 
ing are double, with paper between the 
planks. It is the writer’s feeling that if 
he was going to out uo such a building 
it would be built so it could be used for 
other purposes, if not satisfactory as a 
hoghouse. Thirty-five years ago the 
writer built a hoghouse or shed 12x60 
feet, costing $200, used for six sows at 
farrowing. It never was satisfactory, 
and was afterwards used for sheep, now 
for a tool shed and three cow stalls. 
One-half dozen portable houses, six feet 
square, costing at that time three to five 
dollars each, would have been much more 
satisfactory, but then they were not in 
use, and value not known. 
Ross Co., O. JOHN M. JAMISON. 
TUNIS SHEEP - ® 61 a start now with thisvery 
I mm wiiWLr ] lal .|j v a nd money-making breed' 
” Prices reasonable,forbothsexes. 
J. N. MAC PHERSON, Pine View Farm. Scottsville, N. Y. 
Rams for Sale 
year-olds. 
Registered Shropshire 
yearlings and two- 
E. K. STEVENS & SON, Wilson, N. Y. 
SHROPSHIRES 
breeding right. 
—100 yearling owes ; 40 
yeai'ling rams. Price and 
FRED VAN VLEET, LODI, N.Y. 
— Bam and Ewe Lambs,bred 
from fine Ram imported 
1909. W. H. CRAWFORD, 
R.F.D. No. 10, Mercer, Pa. 
Cnv Coin Registered Rambonillet Sheep. C. W. 
rui odlc HALLIDAY, North Chatham, N. Y. 
H ighland stock farm shrop- 
SHIRKS. I offer foi sale choice Registered 
Yearling Rams. Also Ram Lambs, Ewes and 
Ewe Lambs. W. F. BLACK, Hall, N. Y. 
JSt T 7 V I 3 XT 3 S 
lbs-9tfoirfhs 
Jersey Reds fatten easily & quickly. 
Small-boueil, loug-bodied, vigorous 
& prolific. Meat unsurpassed. Have 
some choice offerings now. Write 
for catalog and prices. Arthur J. 
CoLLiNB^Box^t^looreBtown^LJj 
I ARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD-m 
each of the last three volumes of American Berkshire Record 
we sold and registered more Berkshires than any other breeder 
in the United States. The large proportion went to old custom- 
el’s. This speaks for itself. H.C. & ll.lt. llarpending, Dundee, If. Y. 
nilPflPC THK BIG * BKEP FELLOWS 
UUIlUuO that grow and mature quickly. 
Pigs and Gilts for sale at all times. 
SHENANGO RIVER FARMS, Transfer. Pa. 
Kalorama Farm Berkshires. 
Service Boars all sold. 
Bred Sows all sold. 
Fall Pigs all sold. 
Am now taking orders for Spring Pigs, April and 
May delivery. 
CALVIN J. HUSON, Penn Yan, N.Y. 
Large Improved English Yorkshires 
A. A. BRADLEY -:- Frewsburg, N. Y. 
SPRINGBANK BERKSHIRES. 
in Connecticut. Sows bred for April litters all sold. 
Have 4 sows bred to farrow in July; late, to ser¬ 
vice of Watson's Masterpiece. Will book orders 
for March and April pigs now. Send for new 
Booklet. J. E. WATSON, Proprietor, Marbledale, Conn. 
HOUSES — MULES 
one I LHIl u 
PONIES 
S U c 1 T I A M An unceasing source of 
li e I Lb r\ IH mJ pleasure and robust 
health to children. Make 
ideal playmates. Safe. 
Inexpensive to keep. Stal¬ 
lions and mares for 
breeding. Complete out¬ 
fits. Write today for our 
beautiful illustrated free catalogue, which tells all about 
them. _ IIKM.E MEA11K FAltM, Dept. S, MAKKIIAM, VA, 
Mules at Private Sale. mules'on hand, consisting 
of 4 -months-old mule colts, yearling mules, 2 -year-old 
mules and broke mules of all sizes and ages. Farmers 
can do better growing young mules than anything else 
they can feed. Come to see my stock and bo convinced 
that I have what I say. They are for sale at my stables 
in York, Pa. JOE. KIN DIG, York, Pa. 
FINE HOLSTEIN FOR SALEIHmmo 
COLANTHA 
DE KOL, born April 16, 1910. Sire America Do 
Kol Burke; dam Bettina De Kol. Price $50, 
crated f. o. b. Charlotte. Send for details. 
CLOVEROALE FARM, -:- CHARLOTTE, N. Y. 
JERSEYS { 4 Heifers, droppeefj ' *' 
Heifers, dropped June 4,’10. Ang. 
„ , 6, ’10, Mar. 24, ’09. Sept. 5, ’08. 
Solid color. Sire the Best Pure St. Lambert in 
Penn. J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster, Penn. 
Breed Up—Not Down' 
—Jersey Bull Calves 
you can afford to 
buy. Supe’rior dairy dams. No better sires. R. F. 
SHANNON,907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 
: CA.H.R.IEIIS : : 
No Barn is Complete Without a 
PORTER LITTER CARRIER 
Greatest capacity, 
easiest to operate and 
strongest of litter car¬ 
riers. Carrier wheels 
are roller bearing and 
are swivelled in such 
a manner as to round 
a curve with perfect 
ease. Runs on our 
celebrated ‘‘Colum¬ 
bian ” track, which 
can be bent to any 
curve and will sus¬ 
tain any reasonable 
weight. The hop¬ 
per is held auto¬ 
matically at any 
height and can be tripped at will of operator. Send 
for descriptive catalog of carriers, hay tools, etc. 
J. E. PORTER CO., OTTAWA, ILL. 
PERFECTION UTTER 
and FEED CARRIERS 
Also Water Basins, Stall 
and Manger Partitions, 
and Perfection Swing 
Stanchions, with 3 or 4 
bars as desired. 
BATES & SWIFT SP. MFC. CO.. 
Box 5, Cuba. N. Y. 
: xjoeve» : , =1 
50 English Beagles 
Trained to run rabbits. 40 Fox Hounds trained on 
Fox. Also English Setters and Pointers, trained 
dogs and puppies. These dogs are bred and trained 
in the country where we have plenty of game. They 
are not “city bred” and trained in the “back yard." 
We have no bargains to offer, but will sell lyou a 
good dog at a moderate price. Tell us what 
you want and we will quote prices. Address. 
Hopewell Kennels, Stewartstown, Fa. 
S COTCH COLLIES, Spayed Females, two to 
eightmos. Circ. SILAS DECKER. Montrose Pa- 
PHI | 1C DIIDQ- Froi n imported stock. Females 
UGLLlL rUlOcheap. Nelson Bros., Grove City. Pa’ 
C OLLIES—Bred bitches and grown males, also 
puppies $4 up. Berkshire pigs $0 and $7 each. All 
eligible to register. W. A. LOTHERS, Peru Lack, Pa. 
