2910. 
THE RURAE NEW-YORKER 
©S3 
STREAKY BUTTER. 
I am a new butter-maker, with little ex¬ 
perience. Will you tell me what is the 
matter, that my butter is coming with very 
good taste, but with white streaks? The 
cows are Jerseys, and the milk is separated. 
Harwinton, Conn. p. c. 
The white streaks in your butter are 
probably due to particles of curd or 
casein. Cool the cream immediately after 
skimming and keep as cool as possible 
until 12 hours before churning, when it 
should be warmed to a temperature of 
about 70 degrees. No fresh cream should 
added for at least 12 hours before churn¬ 
ing. All cream should be passed through 
a fine strainer as it is put into the churn. 
This will break up any lumps that may 
have formed. Wash your butter while 
still in a graqular form (before gather¬ 
ing) in at least three waters, allowing 
the water to stand on the butter for five 
minutes or more. In working the but¬ 
ter avoid a rubbing or scraping move¬ 
ment; all working should be done by 
direct pressure. c. S. M. 
FATTENING YOUNG CHICKENS. 
1. What is the best ration to feed 
young chicks from two to three months old 
to get weight on them in the shortest time? 
I have a good many I wish to sell, but 
they do not seem to gain any. I feed 
all they want of cornmeal, bran and corn 
chop, but they are poor. Tell me how 
best to handle them to get them fat. 2. I 
have about 80 R. I. Red pullets, six, five 
and four months old. How soon should 
they lay, and how should they be fed 
to get quickest results? k. b. 
Virginia. 
1. It is difficult to fatten growing 
chicks that are running at large, as I 
presume these chicks are. If they were 
confined in small coops and fed the same 
food they would fatten much quicker. 
The ration fed by K. B. is deficient in 
protein, the flesh-forming element. Beef 
scraps should form at least one-eighth 
of the ration, and for growing young¬ 
sters it may be left in hoppers or feed 
troughs and let the chicks help them¬ 
selves. Ground oats should be added to 
the cornmeal, and not much bran used, 
and if K. B. has skim-milk to wet up 
the feed it will be a great help. If the 
milk has thickened so as to be what in 
Yankeeland is called “loppered milk” it 
will be all the better. One of the com¬ 
monest causes of chicks being poor when 
they have enough to eat, is lice. A per¬ 
son may carefully examine a dozen 
chicks and not discover a louse on any 
of them, and yet those same chicks are 
being bled by thousands of lice every 
night. The gray “roost louse”—red 
when it is filled with blood from the 
chick—hides by day in every crack and 
crevice in the roosting quarters, and 
comes out only at night to suck the life 
blood out of the chicks. This occurs 
sometimes when the chicks have no 
coops, but roost in trees, for they will 
usually roost on the same limb every 
night, and the loose bark of an old apple 
tree is an ideal hiding place for the lice. 
A very careful examination of the place 
where the chicks roost at night should 
be made, and if the edges of cracks and 
joints are covered with little white 
specks, K. B. may be sure that lice are 
the principal cause of his chicks being 
poor. I presume he knows that kero¬ 
sene oil applied liberally to the cracks, 
say every day or two for a week, will 
“do up” the lice. 
2. As to when his R. I. Red pullets 
may be expected to lay, very much de¬ 
pends on how they have been fed while 
growing and also whether they have 
grown thriftily right along, or have had 
“set backs,” that is, periods when they 
did not seem to thrive. At six to seven 
months of age most of the pullets would 
be laying if they had been fed right and 
otherwise well cared for. Some of my 
White Wyandotte pullets this year be¬ 
gan laying in August when only 
five months old; they have been fed in 
covered hoppers something like the one 
described in The R. N.-Y. on page 513. 
There is a partition lengthwise in this 
hopper which prevents the wind from 
blowing out the ground feed. In one 
side is placed whole grain consisting of 
wheat, oats, barley and cracked corn; in 
the other side, bran, m' idlings, corn¬ 
meal, ground oats and beef scraps; and 
the chicks help themselves as often as 
they desire. In addition to this, they 
have had a wet mash, half of the bulk 
of which consists of cut grass. This 
mash is prepared for the laying hens, 
but as the skim-milk we have wets up 
more mash than the hens need, the sur¬ 
plus is fed to the chicks, and they eat it 
as greedily as if they had nothing else. 
Milk is one of the most valuable foods 
either for hens or growing chicks. 
GEO. A. COSGROVE. 
TAXING AUTOMOBILES. 
• 
Reader (So Address ).—Will you tell us 
why the State puts such heavy taxes on 
antomobiles? Is it not an injustice to 
make the owners pay so heavily? 
Ans. —The State taxes motor cars the 
same as any other personal property. 
On this principle they are taxed the 
same as carriages or farm wagons in 
proportion to value, and this tax is cer¬ 
tainly just. In addition most or all 
States issue licenses for which a fee is 
required. The theory upon which the 
State proceeds to enforce this license fee 
is thus stated by J. B. R. Smith, Com¬ 
missioner of Motor Vehicles in New 
Jersey. By reason of its peculiar shape 
and position between two great cities, 
New Jersey has had a peculiar experi¬ 
ence with motor cars: 
It is purely a license fee, and in no sense 
a tax. This far, I think there is no dis¬ 
pute. There are divergent theories regard¬ 
ing the nature and the principles under¬ 
lying the issuing of licenses. Personally, 
I accept the doctrine that a license is a 
right which any citizen may avail himself 
of, provided such citizen is possessed of 
physical qualifications therefor, subject 
to revocation for abuse or violation. This 
theory, as you know, is opposed by the one 
which holds that all licenses are matters 
of grace, to be conferred or withheld ac¬ 
cording to the will of the licensing power. 
Both these theories, however, contemplate 
the power of the licensee to accept and 
ea.v for or to refuse a license; whereas a 
tax is imposed on all citizens without refer¬ 
ence to their individual wishes or likes. 
J. B. R. SMITH. 
The State justifies itself in several 
ways for regulating the use of motor 
cars by means of a license. The car is 
more dangerous than ordinary vehicles. 
It is particularly dangerous in the hands 
of incompetent or ignorant people. Con¬ 
sequently public safety justifies the State 
in regulating the traffic. The license 
system gives a form of control and a 
method of identification. The license fee 
raises the money to pay for this regula¬ 
tion. The motor car also damages roads 
far more than other vehicles and the 
owner ought to pay for the damage and 
his share in road building. 
SHEEP BREEDING IN MAINE. 
I feel sure that the sheep business will 
increase in Maine as breeders arc taking 
more interest in breeding and caring for 
their flocks, and we are getting dog laws 
so as to have better protection than we had 
when everyone was selling sheep because 
dogs were killing them and they could 
not get half pay for them. The outlook 
is very encouraging. I should say that 
there is more pi’ofit in sheep than cows 
for the labor expended. I think the 
Shropshire is the best sheep for Maine. I 
have tried almost every breed, but find 
the Shropshire the best for everything; 
the grade merino ewes crossed with Lin¬ 
coln rams make a very good hardy grade 
sheep that shears a very heavy fleece of 
wool. CHESTER P. HAMLIN. 
Keeping Silage. —In a good silo with 
an airproof “blanket” over it, I would 
expect it to keep as long as any canned 
fruit. In my own experience, I have fed 
it to the cows when it had been in the 
pits over 20 months, and to all appear¬ 
ance and the manger test it was in every 
way as fine, and of as perfect feeding 
quality as silage that had been siloed a 
year later. I had expected it to show a 
rank flavor, and much “waste” in feed¬ 
ing, but it was consumed with full relish, 
and a bushel of it—as evidenced by the 
milk pail—showed its full measure of 
feeding value. Since it has been discov¬ 
ered that silage is the great Summer soil¬ 
ing crop, no one now seems to have any 
chance to find out how long it will keep, 
the last of August finding the silos empty, 
and awaiting the next filling. 
Ohio. JOHN GOL'LD. 
“ The Right Hand of Strength 
Do You Know 
All About Cement? 
Every up-to-date man should in¬ 
form himself of the thousands of 
uses for this indestructive material 
in and about the farm. 
Write today for one or more of 
these booklets—sent free on re¬ 
quest. Full and authoritative in¬ 
formation on each subject. 
(A) Mixing' and Placing' of Cement. 
(B) Stucco (Cement) Finish. 
(C) Cement Surface Finish. 
(D) Hollow Block Specifications. 
<E) Sidewalk Specifications. 
(F) Concrete Tanks and Watering 
T roughs. 
(G) Silos. 
(H) Reinforced Concrete for Houses. 
(K) Standard Specifications for Road¬ 
ways and Street Pavements. 
(L) Standard Specifications for Portland 
Cement Curbs ar.d Gutters 
(O) Exterior Treatment of Concrete Sur¬ 
faces. 
(P) Concrete Poles. 
Best of all Portland Cementsis DICXTEIt. 
Its high quality standard never varies—every 
bag is alike. Concrete made from DEXTER 
is as strong as solid stone and will endure 
for all time. 
For economy—finish—permanence—always 
specify DEXTER when purchasing cement. 
Samuel H. French & Co. 
Sole Agents 
Established 1844 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
fRA D£ 
M. I. F. GO. 
ZINC COATED 
AfAR> 
Zinc Coated Brand 
NAILS 
Will last a life-time 
Read this Evidence-of Durability: 
In 1880, Mr. M. P. Ilanlinft, of Branford, Conn., shin- 
fried his store with pine shingles, nailing them with Zinc 
Coated Iron Cut Nails. In July 1909, just 29 years later, 
he reshingled. The nails were as free from rust as on the 
day they were driven, although the house stands within 
three-quarters of a mile of the seashore. The cut shows 
some of the nails. 
We make the same nails today we made then. 
WHY PIT 10-YKAK NAILS IN 30-YKAK SHINGLES? 
Write to us for Samples and Prices. 
MALLEABLE IRON FITTINGS CO., Branford, Conn. 
NEWTON’S HEAVE 
COUCH, DISTEMPER |QJ“ 
AND INDIGESTION VU?\C g 
The Standard Veterinary Remedy. 
gO years sale. Send for 
Makes the horse sound, stay sound 
DEATH TO HEAVES 
The first or second $1.00 can cures. The third can 
is guaranteed to cure or money refunded. 
$1.00 per can at dealers, or express prepaid. 
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO„ Toledo. Ohio 
ABSORB 
Renioves Bursal Enlargements, 
Thickened, Swollen Tiesues, 
Curbs, Filled Tendons, Soreness 
from any Bruise or Strain, 
Cures Spavin Lameness, Allays 
Fain l>oes not Blister, remove 
the hair or lay the horse up. $2.00 a 
bottle, delivered. Book 1 D free. 
ABSORBING, JR., (mankind$1.00 
bottle.) For Synovitis, Strains, Gouty 
or Rheumatic Deposits, Varicose Veins, Varico¬ 
cele, Hydrocele. Allays pain. Book free. 
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 
Established 1802 
RED CROSS 
DYNAMITE 
The Best All Around Ex¬ 
plosive for Blasting 
on the Farm 
Red Cross Ammonia 
Dynamite 
For Blasting out Boulders and 
Stumps 
Red Cross Nitroglycerin 
Dynamite 
For Mudcapping Rocks and 
Boulders 
Red Cross Semi-Gelatin 
For All Kinds of Wet Work 
Made in all Standard Grades 
from 25% to 60%. 
Wri/e for Illustrated Catalogue. 
E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. 
Wilmington, Delaware, U. S. A. 
TAKE A GOOD 
LOOK AT THIS LABEL 
li stands for all that is best in shovel construction. It 
is a positive guarantee that any shovel bearing this 
label and the “ O. Ames” die-stamp is the best— 
the world’s standard. 
“ 0. Ames ” Shovels 
are built right on scientific 
principles. Design, material, 
construction, workmanship 
— every part from start to 
finish has been planned 
and worked out with 
an eye single to the 
highest efficiency and 
durability. 
THE QUALITY 
MARK 
Remember to look 
for the “O. Ames" \ 
stamp and label if 
you want to secure a 
quality-made shovel. 
_ IVc would like to mail you 
“ Shovel Facts." It is tree — 
just send us your name and ad¬ 
dress on a post card. ■ 
OLIVER AMES & SONS 
Corporation 
Ames Building, Boston, Mass. 
Goulds 
solve the water problem for the coun¬ 
try home. Easy to operate and keep 
in order, made of the most durable 
materials by workmen who have made 
pumps and pumping a life study. Sixty 
years the standard. 
Send for Free book 
“Water Supply for the Home” 
and study your case. 
Goulds make the largest line of hand 
and power pumps in the world—from 
$3 to $300. The name “Goulds’* 
is cast on every genuine Goulds pump. 
Buy under this name and you £et the 
best tump made. 
THE GOULDS MFG. COMPANY 
No. 58 W. Fall Street, Seneca Falls, N.Y. 
