1010. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
906 
A RATION FOR HENS. 
Will you please advise me which is the 
better mash (dry) for laying hens, the 
Maine ration, or one with ground oats in 
place of linseed in Maine ration, other 
meals the same kind and quantity, the meat 
meal or scraps to be left out and fed in 
separate hopper? Do you consider a mash 
containing only one part by weight of 
wheat bran and the same of middlings, 
oornmeal, ground oats and gluten (scraps 
in separate hopper), a well balanced ra¬ 
tion? Is there enough bran in same? How 
much Alfalfa should be mixed with the 
Maine ration if no other green feed was 
available? Do you consider the Cornell 
Experiment Station ration, one part bran, 
one part middlings, one of cornmcal, one 
of scraps, equally as good as the Maine 
ration to produce good market eggs? Isn't 
it pretty heavy feeding of scraps to feed 
in hoppers in addition to the meat ra¬ 
tion in the Cornell mash? Do they feed 
the whole grain by measure in this case or 
is same fed more freely? I am trying to 
get a living with market eggs with 400 
liens; have been using the mash ration used 
at Maine Station only that I use ground 
oats in place of the linseed, with not 
much success the past year. I am wonder¬ 
ing what change to make to get better re¬ 
sults the coming year. I have not had 
an abundance of green feed, so only part 
of my flock have had what they needed. 
They have done fairly well; were shut up 
in houses almost continually, and all old 
hens, while my pullets with a two-acre 
range but nearly bare of grass or other 
green feed have done poorly. H. w. H. 
Worcester County, Mass. 
Before the proper feed can be deter¬ 
mined for a flock of laying hens, we 
must take into consideration the breed, 
their age and condition as to flesh and 
laying ability, the season of the year 
and the feeding stuffs available. A 
good feeder does not feed his flock the 
same every day, but changes the feed 
to suit the constantly changing condi¬ 
tions. The constituents of a dry mash 
depend not only upon the conditions 
named but also upon the rest of the feed 
and manner of feeding it. Experiments 
have proven that laying hens do better 
on a ration composed partly of whole 
or cracked grain and partly of ground 
grain than on either one fed exclusively. 
These facts seem to prove that no mash 
mixture can ever be called perfect. It 
is my opinion that the Cornell ration, 
which you mention, is preferable to 
the Maine ration for Leghorns, for the 
reason that it contains no linseed meal, 
therefore making it more palatable, and 
the fact that beef scraps are kept before 
the hens all the time in separate hop¬ 
pers insures an abundant supply of ani¬ 
mal food, so the results would appear to 
be more certain with the Cornell method 
provided you have Leghorn hens bred 
for eggs. If your hens are bred for 
show instead of utility purposes it is 
useless to expect the feed to overcome 
this handicap. If, however, you have 
large birds of the American or Asiatic 
class, which would become too fat on the 
Cornell ration, of course, it should be 
changed to prevent this trouble. You 
need not be afraid of feeding Leghorns 
or any of the small breeds too much beef 
scrap after they become accustomed to 
is, as they will only eat what they want 
when fed in separate hoppers. Some 
scrap is mixed with the dry mash to 
make it more palatable. About one-tenth 
by measure of the dry mash should be 
cut clover or Alfalfa if no other green 
food is available. I understand that the 
whole and cracked grain is fed not by 
measure, but according to the appe¬ 
tites and requirements of the different 
flocks at both Cornell and the Maine 
Station. Deep litter is kept on the floor 
and the hard grain scattered in it to in¬ 
duce exercise. I believe that a lack of 
green food is more responsible for the 
poor results obtained from your pullets 
than the composition of your dry mash. 
I would suggest that you try one good 
feed a day of sprouted oats if you have 
nothing else, and see if this will not im¬ 
prove your egg yield. c. s. g. 
EXPERIENCE WITH FODDER CUTTERS. 
Having had several years’ experience do¬ 
ing custom work with fodder cutters, shred¬ 
ders and buskers, I feel competent to handle 
the question so far as this section of the 
country is concerned. We were among the 
first to use a blower for elevating shredded 
fodder. Having a cutter with carrier and 
being troubled with the chain breaking and 
consequent loss of time to repair it, my 
father evolved the scheme of putting a 
blower under the feeding table. This was 
belted to the main shaft. He then built a 
pipe to carry wind and fodder to the mow. 
The difficulty with this was that the pipe 
had to go on a slant; the cutter when 
mounted on a wagon was high up, and re¬ 
quired so many men to haul the fodder up. 
It also required all the power of a 17-horse 
gasoline engine to d the work. With this 
machine and average fodder we could shred 
an acre an hour with six men at the ma¬ 
chine. After discarding this machine we 
bought a husker and shredder. The agent 
told us that it could be run with a 12- 
horse power engine. After having our 17- 
horse power engine thoroughly overhauled, 
we still could not run it in a satisfactory 
manner. If the stalks were very dry we 
esuld husk and shred about six acres a day. 
If the stalks were a little damp the fodder 
would not enter the blower; this would re¬ 
quire a man to punch it along occasionally. 
The team drivers laid the stalks on the 
table direct from the wagon ; in this way 
it was economical of labor at the machine. 
On account of not having power enough 
to run this machine we refused it. I had 
found out in the three years that I had been 
working for others that there tvas a general 
demand for cutters rather than shredders. 
After going to the Trenton fair and several 
other machinery exhibits I selected a cutter 
and blower. The good features of this 
machine were that It was mounted low. 
The feeder stood on the ground ; this saves 
the man a good deal of fatigue from the 
jar of the machine. The cutting wheel is 
also the blower, and once the stalks are in 
motion they do not stop until they arrive 
in the mow or silo. The knife wheel takes 
its power direct from the engine, the feed 
rolls and feeding table are put in motion 
and reversed by means of a friction pulley 
on the main shaft. The knives were bolted 
on with six bolts, so we were sure that they 
would stay on if two of the bolts did 
break. Some cutters have only two bolts 
for each knife, and in case of one becoming 
loose are very dangerous. The knives were 
so arranged that the out ends of the knife 
began to cut first. I believe this to be 
better than those machines where the knife 
begins to cut on the end next to the shaft. 
This machine was very economical of power. 
When buying, the agent said we would re¬ 
quire our 17-horse power engine to cut 
silage, but we could cut dry fodder with our 
eight-horse power engine. I cut a great 
deal of dry fodder the first Winter, using 
the eight-horse "ower engine. This cutter 
fs very handy to move about and easy to 
set up. I have cut over an acre an hour 
of good fodder with two men to hand up to 
the machine, and it was blown in the barn 
without anyone to place it. About twice 
as much will go in the same space when 
blown in as will go in when elevated with a 
carrier. I have filled a 10x30 silo in two 
days with an eight-horse engine. This 
was the easiest running cutter I ever saw. 
Those which have the blower separate re¬ 
quire too much power, as the fodder after 
being cut off practically comes to a stand¬ 
still, and it requires power to start it again. 
You might say that it is two machines to 
do the work of one. When the combined 
cutter and blower gets the fodder cut off it 
does not stop until it is in the mow or 
silo. A fan paddle follows each knife, so 
that whatever the knife cut off is at once 
delivered. The fan paddle also throws the 
fodder as well as blows, and hence does not 
require so much wind, and so does not take 
so much power. From observation and ex¬ 
perience I would say that it would require 
at least one-half more and in some eases 
twice as much power to do the same work 
where the cutter and blower are separate, 
than with a combined blower and cutter. 
In case of the machine choking up you 
have to open the cutter to get at the 
knives and then open the fan case to clear 
the fan; on the other hand you open the 
fan case and the knives are there, too. 
New Jersey. w. a. brown. 
NOTES ON A WESTERN TRIP. 
The Greenhouse Vegetable Growers’ and 
Market Gardeners’ Association of America 
held its third annual convention at Grand 
Rapids, Mich., September 27-28-29, and as 
I was one of the organizers of this Asso¬ 
ciation I went to Grand Rapids. There was 
of course the usual address of welcome by 
the mayor and a response bv Prof. Lazen- 
by, of the Ohio University, both of whom 
were wise enough to make short speeches, 
and President Waid took but little time 
for his annual address. There were over 
300 members from various sections from 
Louisiana to Massachusetts, and the 
papers presented were all to the point and 
brief, so that the entire programme was 
carried out as stated. The naDers were all 
by practical men and were listened to with 
great attention. Then there was an exhibit 
of various products, and the greenhouse 
builders and others supplying the trade 
were out in force. On Wednesday after¬ 
noon the whole crowd was taken in auto¬ 
mobiles to visit the various greenhouse es¬ 
tablishments and orchards in the vicinity. 
The yellows seems to be doing a great deal 
of damage in the peach orchards, and we 
saw many trees being dug out for burn¬ 
ing, for the Michigan growers are fighting 
the disease hard. All through Ohio and 
Indiana I saw no apples, but here there 
was a fine crop. Trees loaded with Bald¬ 
wins were standing in a dense sod that is 
mown and used as a mulch, the ideal plan 
to my mind, especially on soil so light and 
sandy as the Michigan soil. Spraying had 
been carefully done, and I noticed the usual 
result on the Baldwins of causing a russety 
coating on the fruit. The grape crop was 
just winding up and was said to have been 
small. .At the place of the Grand Rapids 
Greenhouse Go. I saw one house 210x500 
feet all planted in cucumbers. There was 
an interesting experiment here. The larger 
part of this house had had the soil steri¬ 
lized by steam, and the cucumbers were 
very luxuriant. A small part of the house 
had been planted without sterilization, and 
here the eel worms were fast killing the 
cucumbers. This was purposely left till 
after the Association meeting, and will now 
be sterilized and replanted. At the place 
of Mr. Eugene Davis we saw the home of 
the Grand Rapids lettuce and Davis’s Per¬ 
fect cucumber, and houses already planted 
in lettuce. Here in the East we could not 
sell it, for our markets demand a head 
lettuce, though Prof. Tracy recently told 
me that the Washington market is be¬ 
ginning to take the Grand Rapids lettuce. 
On Wednesday night the citizens of 
Grand Rapids gave us a banquet with cov¬ 
ers for over 300 guests, and it was a very 
enjoyable season. But I found that out 
there the growers do not get their share, 
for on my return passing Kalamazoo there 
wore boys peddling celery around the train, 
large bunches with 15 to 20 roots, for 10 
cents. When it gets down my way it is 
one stalk for 10 cents after the railroads 
and middlemen have taken their toll. 
Then in passenger rates the railroads do 
as they please. I bought a ticket from 
my home station to Grand Rapids for 
$17.65. but on coming home they made me 
nay $20.36. At .Fort Wayne. Ind., 1 asked 
limited Pullman train to Philadelphia, and 
what the extra charge would be on the 
they said $7 and nothing but uppers for 
sale. I took the train with day coaches 
and sat up all night for S7 in my own 
pocket. And yet the railroads are trying to 
get increased rates. w. F. massey. 
I Want to Send You 
My Personal 
Announcement 
lor 
1911 
—"Please 
be sure to 
send me 
your name 
this time.” 
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Let me tell you how the Farmers and the 
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