1810. 
THE RURAI 
NEW-YORKER 
1005 
The Value of Burnt Bone. 
IF. D. IF., Mountain View. Cal .—I can 
get plenty of bones, 1 am thinking of burn¬ 
ing the bones, then grinding them line and 
using them as a fertilizer. Will any of 
the phosphoric acid be lost in burning the 
bones? Will the phosphoric acid iu these 
burned bones (ground) be in as available 
condition to be utilized by the p.ants as 
the phosphoric acid in the raw or un¬ 
burnt bones ground thp same fineness as 
the burnt? 
Ans. —Burnt bones are known as bone 
ash. A good sample will often contain 
35 to 40 per cent of phosphoric acid. 
Some farmers who have plenty of fuel 
believe it pays best to burn bones. A 
pile is built up with alternate layers of 
wood and bones, and burned like a bon¬ 
fire. This burning drives off the nitro¬ 
gen but leaves the lime and phosphoric 
acid. Bones contain little or no potash. 
The ash is fine (when thoroughly 
burned) finer than you could grind the 
bones with ordinary farm mills. The 
phosphoric acid in the burnt bone is 
not as available as that in acid phosphate 
or in fine ground raw' bone, since the ac¬ 
tion of fire makes it more insoluble. You 
must remember that when you burn a 
ton of bones you lose by driving it away 
at least $9 worth of nitrogen. 
Shaping An English Walnut. 
F. N. Ii., Neiv York .—Two years ago I 
set out a small English walnut tree hav¬ 
ing a single straight stem. Last year’s 
growth left it with two branches diverg¬ 
ing from the top, forming a fork. The 
present season’s growth has continued 
without branches and it now is a very 
long forked tree, having but the two long 
branches. Should I cut it back this Winter 
to induce branching? 
Ans. — A forked tree is very undesir¬ 
able, and especially one such as is de¬ 
scribed, having a single fork with two 
prongs. Such a tree will almost surely 
split when it attains bearing age and 
maybe before that time. Walnut is very 
easy to * split in the fork anyhow, and 
the greatest care should be used to pre¬ 
vent the forming of forks near the base 
of the tree. Of course any branch will 
make a fork with the main trunk or any 
branch from which it springs, but with 
the proper angles, that is those as near 
right angles as possible, will be much less 
liable to split than those that are very 
acute or V-shaped. In the case inquired 
about I would say cut off one branch al¬ 
together and prune back the other one 
to such a degree as to cause it to throw 
out several branches along the stem and 
thus form a good head. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Field Stone in Concrete. 
C. II. D., Marlboro, N. Y .—I wish to 
build some concrete walls, and use stones 
averaging the size of a man’s fist but of 
irregular shapes. These stones are more 
plentiful than soil on some parts of the 
farm. Gan you give me a formula? Would 
they take the place of gravel in ordinary 
concrete ? 
Ans. —I have several times given 
formula for lime concrete, which you 
will find in your file of The R. N.-Y. 
In this you can place as many rough 
stones as the mixture will hold, so long 
as they do not touch one another, or 
come to the outside of the wall. I have 
also placed such stones as you describe 
in ordinary cement. They will take 
the place of gravel. The lime mixture 
is cheaper, but takes longer to set. A 
good formula for ordinary work is one 
part of Portland cement to four parts of 
sand. This should be free from earth, 
and no particle over one and one-quarter 
inch. Where no gravel is used, it is 
much better to have irregular particles of 
sand, as they work in together. If sand 
and gravel are both used, the sand should 
be finer, and the gravel run from one- 
quarter to one inch pieces. This can be 
made of one part cement to two parts 
sand, three parts gravel. This makes 
the strongest kind of concrete, as the 
small particles fit in between the larger 
ones. It is verv important in getting 
a good cement structure that the mix¬ 
ing be thoroughly done before any water 
is put on, also that the measuring be 
exact. I have seen it done by the shovel¬ 
ful (?) and a very poor job made, be¬ 
cause scarce any two shovels contained 
the same amount of material. A box is 
very much more accurate, although a 
little more time is taken up. 
EDWARD VAN ALSTYNE. 
Raspberries for the Hudson Valley. 
The best raspberry is a very hard ques¬ 
tion to answer, but for the last three years 
1 have found the Herbert, a Canadian berry, 
my best money-maker. I picked about 
3(5,000 pints this year in spite of the hail, 
spiders and dry weather, which all were 
very bard on the raspberry crop in this 
section. In one picking I got 17 pints off 
seven hills. I have never seen nor grown 
the St. Iiegis, but will try it. We do not 
grow the Marlboro here now; it has all 
run out, had its day, but the Ruby, very 
much like the Marlboro, is our best market 
berry, a good shipper, very hardy, good 
grower, and I think the best shipping berry. 
I also grow the Perfection, much like the 
old Brandywine, a good heavy yielder, good 
grower, but inclined to drop if not picked 
close. I would name the Rubv and Herbert 
here, about half of each. w. j. fowler. 
Orange Co., N. Y. 
We consider the Perfection the best red 
raspberry for commercial purposes. It is a 
berry that originated on this place. It is 
very productive, of good-sized firm, bright 
red fruit, and is entirely hardy, never 
dying back without the least protection. If 
the Marlboro could be grown as it used to 
grow we know of no berry to compare with 
it. The last few years it has lost its vigor 
and is greatly affected by the anthracnose. 
The last season was a very poor one for all 
varieties in this locality. The varieties 
which the anthracnose did not attack were 
about destroyed by the red spider, both of 
these enemies being almost without remedy. 
We do not know of the St. Regis. The 
Cuthbert is productive, but not very hardy, 
and the fruit is soft but of fair quality. 
Marlboro, N. Y. C. G. V. 
Raspberry Varieties. —The old Marl¬ 
boro has been succeeded here by the Ruby, 
which is a close resembling seedling of it, 
but like its parent, seems to have lost some 
of its vitality. The Perfection as an early 
berry is doing finely with some growers, 
while with us the Herbert has been our 
heaviest cropper and best plant maker for 
five years. E. w. barnes. 
Orange Co., N. Y. 
Which Roof Will You 
^ Will you again buy a shingle 
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Or a tin root that rusts, leaks, and rattles and 
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Or, an Inflammable “composition” roof that 
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Tell Us Where to Send this Booklet 
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<**// 
rf'' 
A*/ 
' ,<• y .••• 
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on* turfj.ka PHntwa 
y r . l7 Baled 
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r (JT That’s a great record; but the', 
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Gives more practical hay press information A 
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Ann Arbor, Mlch^ 
WESTERN' N, Y. AGENT: ED. WATKINS, LIMA, N. Y. 
This Acetylene Buoy 
lights up every night 
when the sun sets and 
goes out every morning 
when the sun rises. 
And this it do es automatically 
for two consecutive years with¬ 
out being touched by human hands 
Once in two years it must be filled 
with the crushed stone known as 
“Union Carbide”—the little Acety¬ 
lene Light machine inside does the 
rest. 
The lives of thousands of seamen 
actually depend upon its perfect work¬ 
ing, and hundreds of these wonder¬ 
ful machines now light the way along 
the Yukon, the channels of the Great 
Lakes and the wild coasts of Labra¬ 
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Obviously, these light machines 
would not be used for such a pur¬ 
pose unless the Canadian and United 
States governments considered them 
absolutely infallible. 
* * A 
And with such evidence of perfec¬ 
tion, it is easy to understand why 
there are 185,000 Acetylene machines 
now furnishing light for as many 
country homes. 
Like the machines in the light 
buoys, these country home machines 
are also automatic—you simply feed 
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With this slight attention, it sup¬ 
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Every light can be fixed to ignite 
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“Union Carbide” won’t burn and 
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harmless to breathe you could sleep 
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with an open burner. 
★ ★ * 
On account of these safety features 
the engineers of the National Board 
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illuminants it is displacing, and most 
of the 185,000 machines in use are in¬ 
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It’s a city convenience brought to 
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Wouldn’t you like to know how 
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185,000 other country families now 
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★ * ★ 
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Just address Union Carbide Sales 
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Dept. S— 38 
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