1910 
TH EC RURAL NEW-YORKER 
lOLiT 
CASING WELLS. 
On page 876 a Massachusetts sub¬ 
scriber asks how to keep earthworms out 
of a dug well. Our experience in casing 
wells may be of interest to this as well 
as other readers. It is rare, if ever, that 
there are any new dug wells being made 
in this section. All the wells are drilled 
and are either four or six inches across. 
The wells are then cased by the person 
doing the drilling with galvanized casing. 
Water is reached in this locality at from 
16 to 60 feet. An artesian well is struck 
occasionally, but the wells that were dug 
long years ago are the wells that some¬ 
times give us trouble. These old wells 
are about four feet across and were us¬ 
ually Availed with stones. Ordinary gray- 
hcads and brick when convenient are 
sometimes used. The writer has had 
several of these old dug wells, and some 
years ago one of them, which was a 
good strong well walled with stone, be¬ 
came so foul with rats, toads, earth¬ 
worms and what not. that something had 
to be done. At first we thought to aban¬ 
don the old one and drill a new well, 
but hearing of several others who suc¬ 
cessfully cased their old wells with hard 
burnt terra cotta tile we thought to try 
the same plan. The well is 18 feet deep, 
and Ave knew that the smaller around it 
Avas the less water the well Avould hold 
unless Ave make it deeper, but to over¬ 
come this somewhat avc procured as large 
sewer pipe as possible. The sewer pipes 
are 24 inches around and tAVO feet long 
For this particular well it took nine tiles. 
When Ave Avere ready to place the tiles 
in the avcII the bowlders Avere removed 
from the top of the well down to about 
eight feet. The water Avas then pumped 
from the avcII and the bottom of the Avell 
Avas made perfectly clean. The first tile 
Avas loAvered in the well with the bell or 
flange part up. This tile was leveled 
and the next Avas loAvered until all Avere 
in place. The first three joints Avere then 
cemented. Earth was then filled in 
around the tile until the dirt finally 
filled the old well level. This dirt settled 
in a fcAV days, Avhen more earth Avas 
filled in, and at length the dirt ceased 
settling. Some recommend filling the 
Avell up to about 10 feet with gravel, as 
the gravel will serve as sort of a filter. 
If the gravel is at hand we believe it 
Avortli a trial. Now, after six or eight 
years, the first well is one among the 
best in the country, and this first Avell 
Avas so satisfactory that one year ago Ave 
walled another avcII in the same manner, 
and avc highly recommend them. A 
nearby neighbor has a avcII some 20 feet 
deep cased with 18-inch terra cotta. Of 
course it must be borne in mind that if the 
Avell is shallow small casing will give a 
small volume of Avater. Hence use larger 
tile. There are a number of these Avells 
in this section, and we do not knoAV of a 
single one being unsatisfactory. Now 
and then a Avell is seen that is cased with 
ordinary red burnt tile, but avc believe 
these to be too soft and brittle to be 
recommended. Of course they are much 
cheaper than the harder burnt tile, and 
avc believe the difference in price pays in 
the end. ira g. shellabarger. 
Miami County, O. 
Manufactured Nitrogen. 
P. It. (No Address ).—What is cyana- 
mide? It is offered by fertilizer dealers 
as a source of nitrogen. 
Ans. —We described this early in the 
year. Nitrogen is obtained from the at¬ 
mosphere by passing it over red hot cop¬ 
per. This nitrogen gas is then passed 
through heated iron tubes which are 
filled with ground carbide of calcium. 
This is the substance used in making 
acetylene gas. The result is a combina¬ 
tion known as cyanamide or nitrolime, 
which contains about 20 per cent of free 
lime and nearly the same of nitrogen. 
In fertilizing value it is not quite equal 
to sulphate of ammonia, which it resem¬ 
bles much in its action. It is a dusty 
fertilizer, and when used alone or Avith- 
out treatment it has a bad effect on ger¬ 
minating seeds. This is overcome by 
mixing with superphosphate. Both this 
cyanamide and the nitrate of lime made 
by taking nitrogen from the air in Nor¬ 
way bid fair to cheapen the cost of our 
fertilizer nitrogen. 
WHITE LEAD AND FRUIT TREES. 
I have been using white lead on fruit 
trees to prevent horers for about nine 
years, with large success. As a rule I 
hunt for borers twice a year, May and 
Sopb'niber, dig the dirt away from trees 
until the main roots are reached, first 
look carefully for borers and any found 
are killed and pulled out with a wire. I 
mix white lead and pure linseed oil to con¬ 
sistency of thick cream, and smear it on 
with an old paint brush, carefully filling 
in every crevice in the bark. This is done 
in May. 1 carry this up about a foot above 
the surface; when thoroughly dry fill in the 
dirt. If the tree did not grow and expand 
the bark one application would last for 
years, as the borer either can't or won't 
attack the painted bark. Since adopting 
this practice the only borers I have found 
have been small ones in the crevices of the 
paint caused by tree expansion. I treat 
all trees, peaches, cherries, pears, plums 
and apples; cannot recall losing a single 
tree from this cause. They bear year after 
year, and this season, after from five to 
eight years of this treatment, have given 
astounding crops of fruit; notwithstanding 
severe thinning and many supports have 
lost mapy branches breaking with the 
weight of matured fruit. These are the 
facts of my own experience. I first tried 
nostrums and tar without success. It is 
the hard hide of paint on the tree that 
does the business, I think. Our Virginia 
Experiment Station at Blacksburg has for 
years past recommended this practice. 
Botetourt Co., Va. edmund c. pechix. 
Fighting Borer and Rabbits.— On page 
808, B. J. Case writes that he has used 
whale oil soap and potash successfully In 
treating young trees for borers. I would 
like to know his formula and method of 
application, as I have 3,500 young trees, 
and wish to protect them as much as possi¬ 
ble. The Ohio Experiment Station at 
Wooster, Ohio, has issued a valuable bulle¬ 
tin on protection against mice and rabbits, 
which will be of great benefit to him. 
Warren, Ohio. H. M. G. 
That report from the Ohio Station Is one 
of the most valuable pamphlets on the sub¬ 
ject ever issued. It is practical. On cor¬ 
responding with Mr. Case we find that a 
mistake was made in the report of his 
operations. lie now says : 
“Potash and whale oil soap is what I 
have used for the pin-hole Itorer, but not the 
peach grub, although a wash of whale oil 
soap and potash about September will 
usually kill the eggs, which the borer lays 
at that time. We always bank our young 
trees with dirt to prevent mice, and where 
the rabbits are thick we have a good 
double-barreled shotgun and like to go hunt¬ 
ing.” 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 12. 
If your work carries 
you out-doors — little 
" or much — and you 
want to be free from 
colds, coughs and 
dangers of damp and 
wintry weather, and 
you want to be free 
from weighty over¬ 
coat and muffler try 
WRIGHT'S 
Health 
Underwear 
Outside it is perfect in finish and 
workmanship—inside it is the fleece 
of comfortthat makes itdifferent from 
all other“health” garments—a weaving 
of loops on loops that keeps the body 
warm,takes up the perspiration, allows 
perfect ventilation, without chill. 
Wright’s costs no more than any 
other underwear worth having. 
Ask your dealer. If he don’t carry 
it, write us. 
Book “Dressinn for Health,” 
Sent Free 
WRIGHTS 
HEALTH UNDERWEAR CO. , 
r • •• ft. »■ Always look for the woven 
75 Franklin St.. New York _ „ bel XrHllem8rk 
20,000 Owners 
Overlands 
for 1911 
Licensed under Selden patent 
The Overland—not yet three years old—is already used by 
20,000 families, half of whom live on farms. 
No other car ever jumped so quickly into such vast 
popularity. And no other car is in such demand 
today. Dealers have already paid deposits on more 
than 18,000 of the new-season models just out. 
The reason lies in what owners have said to others. 
In every locality where Overlands go the demand for 
them spreads. And that demand, for much of the 
time, has exceeded the supply. 
For the Overlands are absolutely perfect cars—the 
best that the ablest engineers can make. And, because 
of our facilities, they are sold at prices which other 
makers cannot meet. 
Cost Reduced 28% 
After the Overland was perfected our engineers 
devoted their Avhole attention to reducing the cost 
of the cars. Over $3,000,000 has now been invested 
in the highest type of modern machinery. 
Many acres of floor space are now filled with ma¬ 
chines for making each part in the most exact, most 
economical way. 
This Avonderful machinery, with our enormous pro¬ 
duction, has cut the cost of Overlands 28 per cent in 
the past tAvo years. That means an average saving of 
$300 per car. 
That is the reason for Overland prices. The ma¬ 
terials in our chassis are the best that money can buy. 
Every feature is made in the best possible way, 
regardless of cost. The cars are tested better than 
any other cars in the world, for all our prestige, our 
demand, our investment is at stake on their utter per¬ 
fection. But our modern methods have brought the 
cost of such cars down to the minimum. 
22 Models for 1911 
To meet all ideas on size, style and power avc are 
now making 22 models. The Avheel bases run from 
06 to 118 inches—the pOAver from 20 to 35-horsepower 
—the prices from $775 to $1,675. 
All have four separate cylinders, the 5-bearing 
crank shaft, the unit power plant, the dust-proof case, 
the double ignition. Some operate by pedal control- 
some have sliding gear transmission. 
The models include the latest torpedo bodies, the 
fore-door tonneaus, and all else that is new and artis¬ 
tic. In one of these 22 models you will find the exact 
car you Avant. 
The finest cars, both in Europe and America, are 
now being made Avith fore doors. This style, beyond 
doubt, is the coming vogue. But most makers charge 
an extra price for this neAV design. 
In the Overland line you are offered your option 
fore doors or open front. Both sell at one price. 
$775 to $1,675 
This year Ave are making a 20-horsepower road¬ 
ster, with 96-inch wheel base, for $775. Its possible 
speed is 45 miles an hour. We make a torpedo road¬ 
ster as low as $850. 
The 25-horsepower touring car, with 102-inch wheel 
base, sells this year for $1,000. That’s nine per cent 
less than last year. Your choice of five styles of 
body. 
The 30-horsepower Overlands, with 110-inch wheel 
bases, sell for $1,250. Fore doors or open front. 
The 35-horsepower Overlands, Avith 118-inch wheel 
bases, sell for $1,600 and $1,675. All prices include 
gas lamps and magneto. 
You can easily prove by comparison, detail by de¬ 
tail, that no other maker offers equal value. 
Our 1911 Book Free 
Please mail us this coupon for the iicav book, sIioav- 
ing all of the styles and giving all specifications. 
It will tell you all that is new about automobiles. 
Overland dealers everyAvhere are now showing the 
new designs. 
The Willys-Overland Company 
(Licensed Under Selden patent) 
Toledo, Ohio 
Please mail the 1911 book, lo 
(087) 
J b U23^ 
Our $1,000 touring" car — 25 h. p. 102-inch wheel base. 
Five styles of body. The tonneau shown above is detach¬ 
able, allowing" room for milk cans or farm truck. 
One of the new fore-door models. Note the straight lines. 
A fore-door touring" car, with 30 h. p. and 
110-inch wheel base, costs $1,250. 
All prices include gas lamps and magneto 
