193 0. 
THE RURAK NEW-YORKER 
1037 
MILK.. 
The New York Exchange price of milk m 
$1.93. per 40-quart can, netting four cenls 
per quart to shippers in the 26-cent freight 
zone who have no local station charges. 
There are four freight zones for milk hauled 
to New York, viz.: 23, 20, 29 and 32 cents 
per 40-quart can. These figures are fixed 
by the interstate commerce authorities for 
certain distances on the various lines of 
railroads. Very little milk is now received 
from the 23-cent zone, which covers the 
territory within about 40 miles of New 
York. The 26-cent zone covers the next 
60 miles, and the 29-cent the next 90 miles. 
Points beyond this are in the 32-cent zone. 
The total receipts of milk at New York 
during the nine mouths ending September 
30 were 476,637,960 quarts, which is 25,- 
396,160 quarts more than for the same 
period last year. 
A new milk trust is now reported in 
New York. This trust is said to have 
control of the machines for pasteurizing 
milk, and it is also said to have $30,000.- 
000 capital. The claim is that this trust 
is trying to develop sentiment all over the 
country in favor of pasteurizing all milk 
used in the city markets. If they can 
succeed in compelling such treatment of 
milk they would have an immense sale for 
their machinery, and as they control its 
output they would have a monopoly. That 
charge is made, and the attorney-general 
has directed one of his assistants to inves¬ 
tigate the matter. Some of the richest 
men in the country, including Levi P. 
Morton and Thomas F. Ryan, are said to 
be connected with this so-called trust. It 
has been repeatedly charged that the re¬ 
quests in the papers urging the pasteuriz¬ 
ing were instigated by interested par¬ 
ties. 
A MILK COMMISSION FOR NEW YORK. 
I am very much interested in your edi¬ 
torials regarding the milk trade of New 
York City. Is competition a thing of the 
past in the milk business? Is competition 
a thing of the past in other lines of busi¬ 
ness? I admit there is no competition in 
fact in the milk business when it comes to 
selling. Must we have commissions to 
stand between producer and consumer in 
all lines of business? If not. where will 
you draw the line? Practically all our 
trusts are combinations of middlemen. For 
example, the oil trust, sugar trust, tobacco 
trust and so on. There is no effective com¬ 
petition in any of those lines. Would you 
want a commission to fix the price in all 
those trust businesses? Personally, I am 
not opposed to big aggregations of capital 
if controlled, but how are we to control 
them? We cannot go hack to stage coaches 
after having the railroad. Neither can we, 
go back to the small business of yesterday. 
Businesses that are essentially monopolies, 
like transportation in all its forms, the 
public should own and operate eventually, 
and regulate until owned. But the miik 
business is not of this nature. If a com¬ 
mission here, would you advocate a com¬ 
mission for all private businesses when 
they are monopolized? If not, why? 
F. a. c. 
The law of supply and demand does not 
fix the price of milk sold in New York City. 
A gentlemen's agreement amongst the deal¬ 
ers has practically eliminated competition, 
and this is true of other lines of business. 
I think it would be advisable to have a 
commission to fix the price of all necessi¬ 
ties of life, where competition has been de¬ 
stroyed. The Board of Aldermen in the 
City of New York fixed the price of milk, 
bread, meat, eggs, etc., year after year for 
many years. It is my idea that a bodv of 
trained experts could do this better than a 
legislative body, such as the Board of Al¬ 
dermen. I would therefore have the Legis¬ 
lature establish a commission with power 
to fix the maximum prices at which the 
necessities of life could be sold in the city 
of New York. 
I do not believe that it is either neces¬ 
sary or advisable at the present time for 
the State to regulate the prices of any 
commodities other than those known as 
necessities of life. People can, to a very 
great extent, regulate the prices of commo¬ 
dities that are luxuries, by doing without 
them, hut it is impossible for them to do 
without the necessities of life; and so 
their great weapon of regulation is taken 
from them. If the State does not take 
some affirmative action in reference to the 
regulation of the prices of necessities of 
life, the people will continue to be at the 
mercy of unscrupulous individuals who 
have monopolized the traffic in these neces¬ 
sities of life. 
I agree with F. N. C. that large aggrega¬ 
tions of capital, engaged in carrying on any 
sort of business, would ordinarily result in 
economy of operation and should result in 
the cheapening of the prices of the commo¬ 
dities. But monopoly has always had the 
opposite effect. The only way that I know 
of that the State can curb these large ag¬ 
gregations of capital, engaged in selling or 
distributing necessities of life, is to fix a 
maximum price, beyond which they cannot 
sell or offer for sale such necessities, leav¬ 
ing them a fair and reasonable margin of 
profit. JOHN B. COLEMAN. 
Milk In Northern New York. 
There is no appreciable change or im¬ 
provement in the situation over last year. 
The McDermott Dairy Co., operating a con¬ 
densing and shipping station here, is pay¬ 
ing for October. $1.80 per 300 ; November, 
$1.90; December and January, $2.10; Feb¬ 
ruary, $1.80, and March, $1.55. December 
and January are 10 cents per 100 higher 
than last year, February 10 cents and 
March five cents lower, so there is only a 
fraction of a cent advance over last year’s 
prices. The company voluntarily increased 
price of August milk 15 cents per 100, and 
September 10 cents per 100 over contract 
price, while the Bordens and Mutual Milk 
and Cream Co. at nearby stations increased 
some months 30 cents per 100. Several 
butter and cheese factories, started up last 
April which have been idle several years. 
Butter and cheese have been high in'price 
and factories have realized about as muyh 
for milk (with skim-milk or whey re¬ 
turned) as was paid by shipping stations. 
For the Winter months the shipping sta¬ 
tions pay best, and many farmers try to 
take their milk there, and send to factories 
during Summer, but the condenser.v people 
are refusing their milk this Fall unless 
they will sign a yearly contract. Butter 
factories pay about $3.40 per 100, and 
cheese factories about $1.50 now. Cows 
are from $10 to $15 higher than one year 
ago. selling from $40 to $80 according to 
quality and as they freshen. Wholesale 
prices given by a dealer for grain are for 
oats, per bushel, 38 to 39 cents; barley, 
35 to 40 cents; wheat, $1; rye, 85 cents; 
buckwheat, 70 to 75 cents; corn, 70 cents; 
bran. $25 to $26 per ton; middlings, $25 
to $32. Retail prices for concentrates, less 
than ton lots, distillers' dried grains, $1.70 
per 300: cotton-seed meal, $1.70; oil meal, 
O. P., $2: gluten. $1.55; bran, $1.45 to 
$1.50; middlings. $1.40 to $1.70; cornmeal, 
$1.45 to $1.50. Prices are not materially 
different from one year ago. Fodder of all 
kinds is abundant. 10 to 20 per cent more 
than last year. A large crop of fodder al¬ 
ways makes cows high. With the present 
high prices for feed and even with milk at 
an average price of 4 cents a quart for the 
Winter six months, there is no profit in 
milk production, unless we have the proper 
machinery (large producing cows) to make 
it with. With a well-fed and well cared-for 
dairy producing an average of 8.000 pounds 
of milk and over, we can make a profit, but 
for the ordinary average dairyman—well, 
if he kept a set of books, I think he would 
soon go out of the dairy business. The 
cost of producing a quart of milk has never 
been figured out satisfactorily. I should 
say the cost runs from three cents to 4% 
cents per quart, depending on the man and 
the cows. Very few dairymen know any¬ 
thing about the cost of production; their 
only concern, seemingly, is the selling price 
of milk, butter or cheese in the majority 
of cases. o. L. b. 
Canton, N. Y. 
THE PRIZE MILK DAIRY. 
The New York State Fair offered three 
prizes, $15 to first, $10 to second, $5 to 
third. The prizes were offered to the 
patron who delivered the largest number of 
pounds of milk per cow. to a creamery or 
milk station, for the months of May, .Tune, 
July and August, 1910, from a dairy of 
five cows or more. The record of my eight 
grade Holstein cows for which I received 
fifst prize, was: For May, 10.488 pounds; 
June, 11,142 pounds: July, 9,487 pounds; 
August, 7,793 pounds: total for eight cows, 
38,910 pounds, or 4.863.75 average pep 
cow. I fed some milk to fatten calves the 
fore part of May and fed one calf I was 
raising, during all four months, and used 
for family use from these cows. I knew 
nothing of the prizes offered until the last 
of August, but when my attention was 
called to it I thought it was something 
new and as my cows all came fresh in April, 
my chance was good for one of the prizes, 
but I did not expect first. I am a young 
man who worked out on farms with dairies 
until six years ago last February, when I 
bought this small farm and also the dairy, 
which was a good one. They were at home 
and ready for business when they came 
fresh in the Spring, provided they had good 
care. The former owner told me they had all 
been raised by him on the farm and all 
descendants from one mulley cow. Part 
of them had been bred from a pure-bred 
Holstein bull. I have four of the cows 
that I bought and four that I have raised 
from the cows I bought with the farm. 
Seven of my eight cows have been bred 
from pure-bred Holstein bulls. I am no 
model dairyman, and my barn is far from 
being a model barn, but I have tried to 
keep my cows comfortable and healthy. As 
my dairy is the principal thing from which 
I get my income from the farm, I think I 
should care for it first and then look to 
raising something for it to eat next. If I 
do not raise enough to feed my stock, I buy 
something. 1 never thought it paid to 
scrimp them. I have never fed large quan¬ 
tities of grain. I feed the most in the 
Fall and fore part of Winter. I raise oftts 
and peas and buy bran, gluten and corn- 
meal and a little oil meal. I have no set 
rule for mixing it. I vary it according to 
the condition of my cows. I have read 
the free reading lessons on dairy, which are 
sent out by Cornell University and think it 
has been much help to me. 
My cows were running in the pasture 
when they made the record I sent to the 
fair. The pasture is a good one, with a 
spring brook running through it, which 
the cows have to cross going to and from 
the barn. 1 have fed about two quarts a 
day per cow of bran, gluten and meal 
through the Summer and a little more since 
August. I have never fed grain in the 
Summer when grass was plentiful before. I 
fed them this year mainly to get them to 
come to the barn at milking time, but I am 
satisfied that I got well paid for the grain 
I fed. 1 try to milk and feed my cows 
regularly and handle them gently. They 
are driven carefully to the barn at milking 
time, if they do not come themselves. I 
never saw but a few dogs I would care to 
have drive my cows. I salt my cows a 
little nearly every day. I see now one 
mistake I made by not having something 
green to feed my cows in August. The 
pastures around here got very dry. I be¬ 
gan feeding green corn with ears on the 
last of August. About the first of Octo¬ 
ber I turn my cows in the meadow, which 
makes them gain on their flow of milk. (I 
do not say that is the proper thing for the 
meadow.) I usually have a few pumpkins, 
turnips, beets, potatoes and cabbage to feed 
in the Fall, which helps to keep them 
healthy and hearty, even if it does not 
cause them to produce much more milk at 
the present time. I believe wrn get returns 
from the care and feed we give our cows 
some time in the future. Last Spring, after 
my cows were turned out to pasture, we 
had some very cold nights. I kept my 
cows in the barn and fed and bedded them. 
It made a nasty stable to clean out, but 
I think it paid. Many of my neighbor’s 
cows lay out. It must have been a sud¬ 
den change from warm barns to frosty 
ground. I notice cows are subject to colds 
the same as folks. I try to avoid having a 
draft on my cows when they are stabled. 
I have dry cornstalks and mixed lnvy to 
feed in Winter. I expect to get 9,000 
pounds of milk per cow this year, or nearly 
that. WALTER C. DUNCAN. 
Chenango Co., N. Y. 
Be sure to tell us if any inspection is 
made of your silo by the Bordon people. 
We want to know what is meant by “good 
silage” and what bad silage is. The line 
will, of course, be drawn. What is the 
line? 
Bulletin No. 324 of the New York Ex¬ 
periment Station, Geneva, N. Y., contain 
analyses of the commercial feeds sampled 
in New York. Every dairyman should 
have this bulletin for study. It tells what 
the dealers claim for each feed and what 
the chemists found. 
We Get The Pail Full 
Every Milking 
and we are never troubled with 
garlic in the milk or cream for 
we are using 
Fairfield’s Blood Tonic 
And Milk Producer 
the “Scientific” Conditioner for 
cattle only that stimulates the 
milk seci'eting oi'gans, perfects 
digestion and purifies the blood. It 
iiicreases the milk in quantity and 
impi-oves it in quality, and abso¬ 
lutely kills all garlic taint or odor. 
A Separate Preparation For 
Each Kind Of Animal 
FAIRFIELD’S 
Blood Tonic and Milk Producer 
For Cattle Only. 
Blood Tonic and Regulator 
For Horses Only. 
Blood Tonic and Egg Producer 
For Poultry Only. 
Blood Tonic and Fattener 
For Hogs Only. 
The “Scientific” Conditioners 
that perfect health, increase pro¬ 
duction and save feed by perfecting 
digestion and purifying the blood. 
Sold under guarantee. 
Ask your dealer for them. 
FREE— “Fairfield’s Scientific Stock 
Book.” Worth $1.00 but sent free 
for name of this paper and your 
dealer. 
Fairfield Manufacturing Company 
505 South Delaware Ave., 
Philadelphia. 
DAIRY SUPPLIES 
We are headquarters forMilk Bottles, 
Cans, Caps, Carriers, Churns, Drain¬ 
ers, Pasteurizers, Separators, lee 
Crushers, etc., and every utensil used 
by handlers of milk, cream, butter, 
eggs, ice cream or cheese. Best goods, 
fair prices, prompt shipments. Satis¬ 
faction guaranteed. Send us today 
your list of needs. No order too small. 
WISNER MFG.CO .230 A Greenwich St..N.Y. 
Everything For Dairymen Always In Stock 
ABs 
Cures Strained Puffy Ankles,Lymphanfltia, 
Poll Evil, Fistula, Sores, Wire Cuts, Bruis¬ 
es and Swellings, Lameness, and Allays 
Pain Quickly without Blistering, removing 
the hair, or laying tho horse up. Plensant 
to use. $2.00 per bottle at dealers or de¬ 
livered. Horse Book 5 D free. 
ABSORBING, JR., (mankind,$1.00 bot¬ 
tle.) For S trains, Gout, Varicose Veins, Var- 
icocele.Rydrocele, Prostatitis, kills pain. 
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 
The Standard Farquhar 
SAWMILL 
W Just tell us the kind of timber you 
f have and we will advise you as to the best 
FEED EQUIPMENT. Farquhar mills have 
done away with all “fussing”— and "trou¬ 
ble.” They have just about the parts of 
other mills — light running, safe, save time, 
save work—movable, easily set up—durable. 
We spent 54 years perfecting Farquhar 
mills. Now we are spending a large sum of 
money on a book that tells about FEED 
k EQUIPMENTS and other saw mill and en- 
^ gine facts. These books can be had FREE. 
Just ask by postal. Now is the time to sell 
lumber—while prices are booming. 
—^ A. B. FARQUHAR CO., Box 304 Yo«k. Pa— 
Successful 
Egg 
Farming 
Among people who can afford luxuries there is 
great demand for a regular supply of fresh eggs. 
The few growers who can furnish them regularly, 
winter and summer alike, get very high prices. 
The Corning Egg-Book 
(entitled “$6.4i per Hen per Year”), tells how 
two men, in poor health, starting four years ago 
with only thirty hens, made from their little 
egg-farm a clear profit of over S12.000 last year. 
It tells all about their experience, their failures, 
their methods; and how others, men or women 
wjth good sense, care and faithful work, can make 
money in the same way. Not a detail left out. 
The Corning' Eg'g-Book is sold in combination 
with the Farm Journal, Philadelphia, Pa., and 
we have made arrangements to make this 
Special Offer: 
For $i.oo (cash, money order 
or check), we will send 
postpaid the Corning' Eg'g'-Book and the Farm 
Journal for two years, and American Poultry 
Advocate two years—all for $i.oo if order is sent 
at once to 
AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE, 
39 Hodg'kins Block, Syracuse, N. Y. 
WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID, $8.75 
fort Buggy Wheels, Steel Tires. With Kul.ber Tires, 
$15.20. 1 manufacture wheel* % to 4 in. tread. Buggy 
Top* $5.50, Shaft* $2.00, Top Buggie* $33, Haruees $5. 
Learn how to buy direct. Catalog free. Repair Wheels, 
$5.50. Wagon Umbrella Fa**. W.R. BOOB, Cin’tl, 0* 
NEWTON’S HEAVE 
COUCH, DISTEMPER/M I DC „ 
AND INDIGESTION wU lx Es g 
fi'U A C4 am JamJ IfntA.lnn.Mf T)nnnn«l*. 
Id 
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CO 
DEATH TO HEAVES 
The first or second $1.00 can cures. The third can 
is guaranteed to cure or money refunded. 
$1.00 per can at dealers, or express prepaid. 
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO.. Toledo, Ohi® 
Death tho Stomach 
iWorms Guaranteed 
We will send you 100 lb*, of DR. 
HOLLAND’S MEDICATED STOCK 
SALT on 60 days’ trial freight 
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The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY 
COMPANY, Wellington. Ohio. 
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Warehouses in many cities insures prompt 
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