103B 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
November 5, 
POLAND CHINA HOGS. 
Of all breeds of hogs Poland Chinas 
are the most numerous, at least in the 
United States, and particularly so in 
the corn belt. Having originated in 
southwestern Ohio they are well suited 
to the needs of corn belt farmers, and 
it is not surprising that Poland China 
hogs are to be found on almost every 
farm. These hogs are fine of bone, neat 
of frame, mature early and fatten easily; 
yet they are not toy pigs, adopted for 
show, principally, but are a lusty lot. be¬ 
ing good rustlers, good feeders and of 
good constitution. Fig. 442 shows a 
fair specimen of the small type of Po¬ 
land China, the kind that will weigh 
200 pounds at six, seven or eight months 
of age, when in market condition. A 
seven-months-old pig weighing 200 
pounds is easily produced under usual 
farm conditions, and at a good profit, 
too, as pigs of such weights bring the 
highest market prices. 
During 1910 hogs of any weight have 
sold at good prices, but fat pigs weigh¬ 
ing from 175 to 200 pounds sold for a 
TYPICAL POLAND CHINA. Fig. 442. 
good premium over heavier ones, the 
reason being that hams and sides from 
such pigs, being small, are more easily 
and quickly cured. Such a policy on 
the part of the packers avoided having 
to hold high-priced meat long with a risk 
of a slump in price. With prospect of 
more pigs coming on farmers were quite 
willing to sell light-weight hogs at the 
good prices they commanded, and the 
Poland China and other small types of 
hogs peculiar to the corn belt made such 
a policy possible and profitable. A fault 
of the Poland Chinas is their small lit¬ 
ters. However, statistics show that Po¬ 
land China litters average but two less 
than Duroc Jersev litters, the numbers 
being about seven and nine respectively. 
The small races of hogs are as free 
from disease as are the larger ones, and 
so-called immunity from cholera is a 
myth unless that immunity has been se¬ 
cured by the proper administration of 
cholera serum; the breed or type is of no 
importance so far as disease is con¬ 
cerned; w. E. D. 
Hillsboro, O. 
COLD STQRAGE FOR EGGS. 
2V. F. .1. (Xo Address ).—I desire to 
build a refrigerator largo enough to store 
fully a car of eggs, etc., and would be 
glad to have you tell me how to do it. 
Ans. —Eggs are practically the most 
difficult product of any to cold-store 
successfully, and they must be stored at 
a comparatively low temperature with 
a pure and reasonably dry air. These 
conditions cannot be obtained with di¬ 
rect ice cooling, but the room must be 
cooled by frozen pipe surfaces. Whether 
the pipe surfaces are cooled by mechan¬ 
ical refrigeration or ice and salt is of 
very little moment, but some method 
which will maintain the temperature con¬ 
tinuously is absolutely essential. This 
is especially true in a small plant. It 
is positively impracticable to store other 
goods in the same room with eggs for 
any period longer than a few days at a 
time. If you wish to store fruits and 
vegetables a separate room or rooms 
should be provided. Eggs should be 
stored for a period of several weeks or 
more at a temperature not higher than 
29° F. to 30° F., while a temperature 
of 32° F. to 35° F. is amply low for most 
fruits and vegetables. If you desire to 
store butter this should be held at a 
temperature from 10° F. to 15° F. or 
20° F., depending on length of time in 
storage. 
There is really no system, which for 
small or medium capacity, is as prac¬ 
ticable as the gravity brine system, using 
ice and salt for cooling. This system 
consists of a series of pipe coils, a 
portion of which are in the space to 
be cooled and another portion of which 
are in a tank or bunker at higher 
level and surrounded with ice and salt. 
The pipes are filled with chloride of cal¬ 
cium brine, which being cooled above, 
circulates down into the coils in the 
room, and the brine in the coils in the 
room being warm, is forced upward to 
the coils surrounded with ice and salt. 
This results in a gravity circulation and 
it will continue as long as the supply 
of ice and salt is maintained in the tank, 
a very uniform temperature results. Ap¬ 
plied oyer the coils in the rooms are 
gutters containing chloride of calcium 
in lump form which absorbs moisture 
from the air. and this forming a brine 
trickles and drips down over the pipes 
in the coil, cutting the frost off and pre¬ 
venting its formation. This not only 
keeps the pipe surfaces efficient, but 
dries and purifies the air of the room 
to a marked extent. These systems are 
simple in operation and reasonable in 
first cost, and there is no apparatus which 
wiii produce as good results nor as uni¬ 
form temperatures. The construction 
of a cold storage plant and the insula¬ 
tion or protection against heat is equal¬ 
ly important, and needs care and consid¬ 
eration, and suitable plans Vnust be pro¬ 
vided ; careful workmanship and the use 
of suitable materials are necessary. 
Without sufficient protection against heat 
good results cannot be obtained. 
MADISON COOPER. 
DO HORSES THINK? 
The Question as to whether horses think 
has at times been the subject of much con¬ 
jecture. From the fact that the more in¬ 
telligent animals are lacking in vocal power 
of expressing their minds, the only index 
to their thoughts lies in their actions un¬ 
der certain circumstances. It is evident 
that horses have no knowledge of things 
outside their surroundings, as does the 
human mind, but it is a proved -fact that 
th>' horse is very intelligent about learning 
things pertaining to his work. I have Iteen 
on a farm among horses all my life, and 
have studied certain actions of the horse: 
under all circumstances. I hold that be¬ 
yond a doubt they do think and use a kind 
of reason. I once drove a team on the 
farm that had learned the sound of our 
farm bell. Often when it would ring for 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee page 12. 
dinner they would answer it by whinnying 
and pointing their ears towards the house. 
They doubtless knew what it meant, for 
they had learned that on the ringing of the 
bell they were unhitched and fed. One 
day, not hearing the dinner bell when it 
rang. I worked on at least 15 minutes be¬ 
fore unhitching. I had heard the horses 
give their customary whinny about a quar¬ 
ter of an hour before. I looked at the 
sun and it finally dawned on me that they 
had heard the bell and I had not, which I 
afterwards found to be true. When they 
asked me at the house if I‘heard the bell, 
I said, ‘ No, but the horses did.” This is 
only one out of a thousand of such in¬ 
stances that I could relate which go to 
show that horses have a kind of reason. 
Another incident to which I was a wit¬ 
ness occurred at the home of a neighbor 
who owned a certain old team of horses. 
Those two horses had been worked to¬ 
gether for years and were in their way 
greatly attached to each other. After a 
time one of the horses died. In its last 
agony they turned it loose in the stall to 
admit of its walking around. A veterin¬ 
arian was called, but before he arrived 
the horse walked into the stail with its 
mate in harness and fell dead on the side of 
its mate on which it was accustomed to 
work. The body fell against the hoofs of 
its mate, but the latter took it very coolly, 
and deliberately stepped to one side of the 
stall as if to give consent to the entrance 
of another living horse. One strange char¬ 
acteristic worth mentioning was the care¬ 
ful way in which the horse managed his 
feet. He was careful not to step on the 
dead mate, as if afraid he might harm him. 
1 wonder how many farmers in working 
with their teams in the fields have noticed 
the quickness of sight which the horse pos¬ 
sesses. lie will see objects at a distance 
that the attention of man would not be 
attracted to, such as another team work¬ 
ing on a neighboring farm, or a horse and 
buggy going along the wagon road when 
you are in a back field. All at once you 
look up from your plow handles to note 
that your horses have spied something in¬ 
teresting to them. You see nothing at first, 
but when you look closer you see at once 
they have spied something that you never 
would have thought was there. It may 
be some trivial thing, to man's mind, but it 
is there and the puzzle Is, is the horse 
looking around to see things, or is he a 
wideawake animal, alert to every change in 
the looks of things? M. E. M. 
Michigan. 
Sweeny. 
I have a three-year-old colt with a very 
bad case of sweeny on left shoulder. Is 
there a remedy? n. 
Linesville, Pa. 
Mix together one part turpentine and 
three parts raw linseed oil and shake thor¬ 
oughly. Rub the wasted parts of the shoul¬ 
der with this liniment once a day until the 
skin is blistered ; then stop using the lini¬ 
ment for a time. When the skin •will stand 
it again, go on using the liniment. Give the 
horse plenty of exercise every dav and feed 
generously on oats, bran and mixed hav to 
encourage growth. a. s. a. 
Easy Monthly 
Payments __ 
Dealer’* Pries to 1 
You NOW on 
This Marvelous, 
Mew Engine* 
FREE 
Schmidt's 
Chilled 
Cylinder 
_ Engine V, 
New offer on gasoline'engines. Abso¬ 
lute free trial on this marvelous S-h. p. chilled 
cylinder gasoline engine. Direct from the engine works 
to you. No dealer’s profit. Five-year sruaranty by tho 
engine works. Perfect engine for pumpingf, hoisting, 
tvorkinj? on a harvester and running every piece of 
machinery on a farm or in a shop. Lightest, most 
compact simplest; the only 3-h. p. jrnsoHne engine with 
chilled cylinder. Write for the great introductory offer. 
Send No Money. 
diets. See for yourself,* The newest achievement 
!o engines. The perfect engine at last. Use it ten 
days free. _ Send it back at our expense if you don’t 
want it. This engine is perfect or we could 
not make this oiler. Dealer’s price to you 
for a limited time. 
Air 
Cooled 
New 
Model 
3 h. p. 
5-Year 
Guaran¬ 
tee 
Schmidt’s Pump Jack Fits Any Pump 
Does all any 3 h. p. engine will do and more— 
everything. You will be astonished when you 
read our catalogs. This engine will surprise 
you. Our new offer on this marvelous en¬ 
gine is amazing. Just send your name and 
get all particulars, also valuable book, “How 
to Use Power,” free. Write today—do it Now' 
SCHMIDT BROS. GO. ENG. WKS. 
Dept. 3587 , Davenport, la. 
The CHARTER 
The Pioneer Gasoline Engine, 
having all modern features, 
sueh as speed regulator, etc. 
Stationaries, Portables, Pump 
ing and Sawing Outfits, Semi 
Portables, Roisters. Open 
Jacket Cylinder— Frost Proof. 
Catalogue on request—State 
your power needs. 
Charter Gas Engine Co., P. 0. Box 26, Sterling, III., U.S. A. 
GREEN MOUNTAIN QT 
LOS 
UE 
Rutland, Vt. 
HAVE MANY SUPERIOR FEATURES Ol 
GET OUR FREE CATALOG 
Creamery Package Mfg. Co., 338 West St., 
/A- 
A— 
Make Farm Profits Greater 
It is an actual statement of fact—proved by the successes of thousands 
of farmers—that ‘the Dr.Hess Idea” of feeding farm stock makes farm profits 
greater. J his idea teaches that ‘‘a poor ration, well digested , is better than the best 
ration, poorly digested.” In other words —good digestion is the one important thing in feeding 
all farm animals. 
D B HESS STOCK FOOD 
formulated by Dr. Hess (M. D., D. V. S.)—is not a ration, nor intended to take the place of ration. 
It is a digestive tonic which increases milk flow and flesh forming. It is given for one purpose 
only—to assist in the better digestion of ration —to convert more corn, oats, bran, hay and fodder, 
into juicy beef, fat pork, sweet mutton and rich milk. It acts directly on the digestive organs 
and gives them needed strength to stand the strain of heavy feeding. It increases appetite. It 
reduces food waste. It shortens the time required to fat a steer for market. It makes a milch 
cow give an increased mess. It puts farm teams and show horses in A-l condition and it re¬ 
lieves many of the minor ailments of farm animals. 
Dr. Hess Stock food is 6old on a written guarantee. You, Mr. Farmer, can add to the 
health and profitable condition of your farm stock by using Dr. Hess Stock Food. The 
dose is small and fed but twice a day. 
100 ibs., $5.00; 
26 lb. pail, $1.60. 
Except in Canada and Extreme West and South. 
Smaller quantities at a 3light advance. 
OR. HESS & CLARK, 
Ashland, Ohio. 
Also Manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer. Free 
from the 1st to the 10th of each month—Dr. Hess (M. D., D. V. S.) will pre¬ 
scribe for your ailing animals. His 96-page Veterinary Book free for the asking. 
Send 2c stamp and mention this paper. 
- 
DR. HESS POULTRY PAN-A-CE-A fills the empty egg basket—forces young chicks 
r , , , . ... to early maturity—fats old fowls and young 
chickens for market and shortens the moulting period. How? By increasing the power ot digestion «o that 
more food is given to egg production and flesh forming and less wasted in the droppings. It cures gapes cholera 
roup, etc. A penny’s worth feeds 30 fowls one day. Sold on a written guarantee. 
1M Ibs. 25c.; mail or express 40c.j 5 Ibs. SOc.j 12 Ibs. $ 1.25; 25 lb. pail $2.50. 
Except In Canada and Extreme West and South. 
Send 2c for Dr. Hess 48-page Poultry Book, free. 
INSTANT LOUSE KILLER KILLS LICE 
