19x0. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1149 
MILK. 
In effect December 1, the New York Ex¬ 
change price was advanced to $2.01 per 40- 
quart can, netting 4% cents per quart to 
shippers in the 26-cent freight zone who 
have no additional station charges. 
In this locality there are but few milk 
dealers. The farmers mostly sell it direct 
to the consumer. The price is six and 
seven cents per quart. 
Columbia Co., Pa. 
Following are the prices for milk in this 
valley: Delivered to station, 4% cents 
per quart; peddled in Mahanoy, 8 cents 
per quart. A. E. 
Schuylkill Co., Pa. 
The milk business is very heavy here, 
with at least one of the best barns in the 
State, it is of vitrified brick with all up- 
to-date improvements. Land is from $80 to 
$150 per acre. s. D. H. 
Walworth Co., Wise. 
The producer sells the milk to dairymen 
and the dairymen peddle it in the towns. 
The producer gets four cents per quart in 
Winter time and 3y 2 cents in Summer. 
The retailer gets seven cents in Winter 
time and six cents in Summer. l. w. 
Columbia Co., Pa. 
I peddle my milk in town; have sold it 
last Winter, and all Summer for 10 cents 
per quart. I am selling it now for 12 y 2 
cents. The farmers are peddling their 
milk in quart bottles and get 10 cents per 
quart. D. H. 
Klickitat Co., Wash. 
There are no large dairies in this local¬ 
ity. The milk is about all hand separated, 
and the cream sold in different ways by 
the farmers. Some of it is gathered by 
route men and some of the farmers ship 
their own, which I believe is proving the 
most satisfactory. We ship it to Indian¬ 
apolis, and get at the present 32 cents 
per pound for the butter fat. J. k. f. 
Johnson Co., Ind. 
The Bordens are paying $1.95 per 100 
pounds for the months of November, De¬ 
cember and January, delivered at their 
stations. Local dealers pay four cent3 per 
quart to farmers and retail in the towns 
at seven cents per quart. Butter is re¬ 
tailed at 35 to 37 cents per pound. Gro¬ 
cers and dealers pay 30 to 32 cents per 
pound. Full cream cheese is netting fac¬ 
tory patrons near here 14 cents wholesale. 
It retails in local markets at 18 to 20 
cents. V. s. 
Bradford Co., Pa. 
The milk dealers in an English market 
town had a dispute with milk producers 
over the price paid for milk. The farmers 
demanded 1!) cents a gallon for milk which 
was retailed at 24 cents. As there was 
a strike in the town, with several hun¬ 
dred workmen out, the farmers finally 
agreed to 18 cents, with the understanding 
that if the retail price is raised above six 
cents per quart they are to receive 20 
cents. Thus these farmers receive 67 cents 
of the consumer’s dollar. The time must 
come when our American dairymen will be 
able to figure in just about this way: 
Milk costs 40 to 42 cents per can of 8% 
quarts to produce anywhere in New Eng¬ 
land. In order for any profit it should 
sell at the farm or depot for 48 to 50 
cents per can. It should retail in bottles 
at 10 cents per quart. Any lower prices 
means that we are working for the exer¬ 
cise without profit. We should ask a price 
for our products that will pay a profit the 
same as other manufacturers. The milk 
contractors or consumers never will pay 
any more than we ask. We pay the price 
asked when we buy goods. 1 still believe 
in the pure milk standard and expect to 
get it some time. E. a. e. 
Massachusetts. 
In regard to the milk conditions in this 
vicinity, there are no milk dealers here, the 
dairymen sell direct to the consumers. The 
retail price is one pint daily per month 
one dollar, one quart daily per month $2, 
and one gallon daily per month $6 ; cream, 
4t4 times the price of milk. Butter is 8o 
cents per two-pound roll. There are no 
silos in this vicinity, only one field of 
Alfalfa, about 25 acres. Vacaville is pre¬ 
eminently a fruit section. We ship the 
earliest fruit, cherries, apricots, peaches 
and plums out of California; have shipped 
for the eastern market over one thousand 
carloads this past season. R. c. B. 
Vacaville, Cal. 
Every dairyman in New York State (and 
elsewhere if possible) should get a copy 
of Bulletin 324 of the Geneva Experiment 
Station. This gives a list of the stock 
foods offered for sale in New York, with 
analysis. Too many dairymen have been 
buying mixed feeds, often at a great price, 
only to receive a mixture of grain, screen¬ 
ings and sweepings, weed seeds and pieces 
of straw and dirt. This idea of paying 
good money for such stuff is worse than 
nonsense, yet dairymen have been doing it 
because these mixtures were offered at a 
low figure. This bulletin names the va¬ 
rious brands, gives the analysis and shows 
what they are composed of. There is a 
great improvement over last year, for then 
a large number of these feeds were adul¬ 
terated. The publicity given by the sta¬ 
tion figures cut out most of the fakes. 
There are a few inferior mixtures this year, 
but not so many. Spot them by studying 
this bulletin, and cut them out. 
Certified Mii '.—The New York De¬ 
partment of AgrkxAure has issued a very 
good pamphlet on “Certified Milk.” It is 
known as Bulletin No. 18, and gives a 
list of the 29 farms in New York where 
certified milk is made. The agricultural 
law in New York recognizes certified milk as 
that which is pronounced by a milk commis¬ 
sion appointed by a county medical so¬ 
ciety as free from antiseptics, added pre¬ 
servatives and bacteria in excessive num¬ 
bers. In other words, it is milk fit to serve 
as a good doctor’s prescription. It seems 
that 29 farms in New York State produce 
16,315 quarts daily. The average price ob¬ 
tained for it is 11.4 cents per quart when 
sold direct to consumers, and 7.8 cents 
when shipped and sold through a dealer. 
Only 14 of the 29 dairymen say that this 
milk pays at these prices, 13 say it does 
not pay and one is doubtful. It appears 
that the certified milk dairymen get a 
larger share of the consumer’s dollar than 
those who make ordinary milk, for there 
is less competition. One of the most in¬ 
teresting things in this bulletin is the state¬ 
ment of feeding given by these dairymen. 
We shall give a synopsis of what they say 
next week. 
Milk in Massachusetts. 
The Massachusetts milk situation is in 
an unsettled condition in many ways. The 
Sanders milk law is regarded by some as 
unsatisfactory, while others think it is all 
right. Another opinion held by some is 
that the railroads have read the law to 
their own advantage, and have set the 
farmers against it by taking an extreme 
stand instead of a liberal one. Some milk 
is being shipped in baggage cars, and I 
understand some are paying more than the 
published tariff rates. Why this is I do 
not see, and have not as yet been able to 
find out. The railroads are running the 
regular milk cars. The contractors do not 
accept the milk until delivered at their 
depot in the city, yet they pay the freight, 
and in most cases the same men who for¬ 
merly moved the cars for the contractors 
and were in their employ, still receive, 
handle and deliver it to them. By not 
accepting the milk at the country stations, 
which the contractors formerly did, but 
waiting until it reaches the city, they are 
able to charge to the farmer any extra 
freight they may have to pay, or any other 
expense, real or fancied, that accrues to 
them above the former tariff rate. The 
contractors claim now that when they 
made the settlement of price with the 
B. C. M. I’. U. they agreed to pay the same 
as last Winter under the same transporta¬ 
tion rules as last Winter, and now any ex¬ 
tra expense must come out of the farmer 
By the new law any farmer has a right 
to ship milk in any milk or baggage cars, 
either one can or many, at the same cost 
per can the contractor pays. Few have 
had the courage to take advantage of this 
in the regular milk cars. They think their 
milk would not receive the same care as 
the contractors’ milk on the car. The re¬ 
ceiver of this independent milk, as we may 
call it, would also have to go to the con¬ 
tractor’s depot to get it, and the contractor 
or his agents could make it mighty un¬ 
pleasant for him if they wished in many 
ways. It would seem, and is the belief of 
many, that the electric car lines could and 
will handle this independent milk, and in 
fact all the milk coming from the neqrby 
milk sections, to better advantage all 
round than the steam roads can. The 
milk could in most cases be delivered to 
the electrics easier and at less expense to 
the farmer than to the steam roads. The 
electrics will stop almost anywhere, which 
would be a great advantage, as many could 
load at their own door almost, and in 
other cases, if there are several in the same 
neighborhood sending milk, they would take 
turns delivering and make it easy for all. 
There is at present a fight on in Boston 
to allow the Boston Elevated Itoad to carry 
freight, and when they get this concession 
the way will be open, as several outside 
lines now have the right. A general milk 
depot would perhaps have to be built, or at 
least a general receiving station. As all 
the retail milk sold in Boston must be 
sold in bottles this would have to be looked 
after also. In many cases the farmers 
could build and equip small bottling plants 
at no great expense and ship their product 
in a fresh and pure condition, which would 
be of great advantage to and be greatly 
appreciated also by tho average city con¬ 
sumer. The farmers are doing some deep 
thinking, and many changes are sure to be 
made in the future in all departments of 
the milk business, at the farm, in trans¬ 
portation and at the receiver’s and con¬ 
sumer’s end. Under the old leased car sys¬ 
tem, as it was called, the contractor paid 
$100 a mile per year on each car. Thus 
the car which was run 30 miles into the 
country cost $3,000 a year, no matter 
whether it carried one single can or a ful) 
carload of about one thousand cans. The 
contractor found ice and paid the men ; all 
the railroad did was furnish the car. Un¬ 
der the present system the railroad sup¬ 
ples everythng but the cans. If, as in 
some cases, the roads get less than naif 
a carload of milk on the whole haul, it per¬ 
haps means this car is run at a loss, which 
of course must be stood by the road. Un¬ 
der the former plan the contractor stood 
the loss. Some farmers favor the old sys¬ 
tem for the reason that with the contrac¬ 
tors eontrollng the whole supply that came 
in they could keep the price up to a cer¬ 
tain figure, and thus insure the farmer a 
certain price. Now, as anyone can buy or 
receive the milk, it may mean a cutting 
of prices to meet the competition which may 
arise, and if so in the end the farmer 
would be a sufferer by the method. I do 
not think it will work this way however, 
because the supply for a year or two past 
has, as a rule, been short. The market for 
milk must grow, while the supply is not 
increasing, but is rather decreasing in any 
nearby territory, due to several reasons 
which I will state later. I know of some 
persons shipping in baggage cars at the 
present time who receive three cents a can 
more than the contractors are paying. As 
these independent buyers will gradually 
work into the nearby sections, the contrac¬ 
tors will have to go farther back to get 
their supply, and will perhaps give up the 
nearby sections altogether, as it will not 
pay them to gather what would be left. 
What was left would also be the poorest 
dairies. My opinion is the present law 
will in the end be a great benefit, but it 
takes time to test and learn the value of 
any new thing. If it does not work right 
it will be revised until it does work to the 
satisfaction of those most deeply concerned, 
the producer and consumer. E. P. 
Lessening Roaring. 
On page 636 J. II. R. has a roaring mare. 
I had one too that roared badly. Take 
oBe yard of ordinary rubber tape and 
double, then lap the ends and sew securely 
making a good rigid rubber band. Put the 
band through the mare’s mouth and around 
the nose just above the nostrils so as to 
partially close the nostrils, and your mare 
will work with ease and do but very little 
If any roaring. This is my experience les¬ 
son. e. M. V. 
New York. 
Such devices are commonly used by horse 
dealers, but a spring truss pressing upon 
the false nostrils Is preferable to a rubber 
band, which irritates by shutting off cir¬ 
culation from the parts included. The re¬ 
lief comes from lessening the amount 01 
air Inhaled. 
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