1152 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
December 10, 
PASTURES AND GREEN MANURING. 
E. IF. C., Jonesboro, Ark .—Does a perma¬ 
nent pasture having sufficient stock to con¬ 
sume the grass, increase or decrease in fer¬ 
tility? In other words, will the manure 
from the stock plus the elements which the 
grass gathers from the air balance or over¬ 
balance what the soil loses by growth of 
stock? 
Ans. —The chief loss from a pasture is 
what the stock take away from it. A 
ton of milk carries 11 pounds of nitro¬ 
gen, three of potash, four of phosphoric 
acid and three of lime. A ton of live ox 
will remove more than 50 pounds of ni¬ 
trogen, 40 of lime and nearly the same 
of phosphoric acid, while a ton of live 
mutton takes more than 60 pounds of 
nitrogen. This is the direct loss from 
the pasture. The balance of what the 
animals consume is supposed to be left 
behind, but part of this manure is lost 
by washing, drainage and fermentation. 
So that unless the animals were fed some 
grain or fodder in addition to the pas¬ 
ture there would be a steady loss in lime, 
potash and phosphoric acid. The gain, 
if any, is made through the clover, which 
has the ability to take nitrogen from the 
air. This is usually not enough to offset 
the nitrogen removed by the stock. Usu¬ 
ally the clover disappears from pastures, 
for the loss of lime and the accumulation 
of organic matter in the roots makes the 
land sour, and this of course kills out 
the clover. Many old pastures are very 
rich in nitrogen, yet they cannot produce 
good crops because this nitrogen is held 
in sour, insoluble forms. That is why 
lime is invariably needed whenever an 
effort is made to improve an old pasture. 
As I understand farming, a green growth 
of anything plowed under is better for the 
soil and following crops than the same 
growth dead and plowed under, but have 
been informed that any luxuriant growth, 
even weeds, if plowed under green, is liable 
to sour the soil. Is that corrrect? 
The green growth is not always best 
for the land, since in warm weather it 
does sour the land. This can be over¬ 
come by using lime, and then the green 
stuff gives up its plant food faster than 
dry material would. Where the object 
is to get all the organic matter possible 
into the soil the green crop can be plowed 
under in time to sow another, while if 
it were left to die only one crop could 
be used. The danger from souring 
comes when the soil is moist and warm 
and any green crop full of sap will fer¬ 
ment in such soil unless lime is used. 
You are always advising sowing rye in 
corn, etc., during August and September, 
to be turned under the following Spring for 
fertilizer. We always have a big growth of 
weeds and grass come in corn and on 
stubble fields during August and September 
unless we have a very severe drought. 
Wouldn’t that be as good or better to turn 
under? Why rye, especially if green stuff 
is likely to sour the land? My land is roll¬ 
ing and washes. Would you advise plowing 
or turning anything under before Spring? 
Our advice is given chiefly to farmers 
at the North. With us in New Jersey 
by November the weeds were mostly 
dead. Had we left them as you suggest 
we would now be practically bare, 
and we should, on our hills, lose most of 
the nitrates formed in the soil during our 
dry Summer. As it is the rye is bright 
and green and growing well, thus cover¬ 
ing the ground with a living crop. The 
climate in Arkansas may be such that the 
grass and weeds will grow on through 
most of the Winter. We can sow this 
grain until November if desired. We 
would not Fall or Winter plow any bare 
ground that is “rolling and washes.” 
Feeding a Colt. 
Is bran and middlings the best food I can 
give a four-months-old colt? I am feeding 
about a pint of oats to a feed. D. p. b. 
New York. 
It depends on the hay you are feeding. 
The colt needs muscle and bone-making 
foods. There is more of this class of food 
in clover than in Timothy. Bran and oats 
have more of “growth” in them than corn 
or any of the mill feeds. If you are feed¬ 
ing Timothy give more bran and oats; if 
clover feed some middlings. Bran contains 
more of the minerals than other feeds, be¬ 
cause it represents the shell or cover of 
the wheat. 
OXEN THAT PUSH. 
We have had several questions about 
oxen and the way to work them. The 
usual way is to use a yoke with bows 
around the neck. Some years ago we took 
a ride behind a yoke of lively oxen which 
had instead of a yoke a leather band 
around the forehead. The Maine Farmer 
describes one exhibit at the Andover Fair 
as follows: 
“The cattle pulling, as usual, attracted 
a crowd, and the unusual sight of oxen 
pulling with a head yoke was in itself an 
attraction. These oxen we^e owned by 
S. A. Weisner, of Andover, and driven by 
George Ernst, who used a small whip lash 
instead of a long brad to urge them to haul 
the loaded drag '501 feet. They were six 
feet three inches, the smallest cattle in 
their class, and delighted the spectators, 
who showed their appreciation by ample 
cheers. To those who have never seen a 
head yoke used, it was a decided novelty 
and very interesting. The yoke is made in 
one nearly straight piece and is laid on the 
head just on top over the horns. Stout 
straps fasten it to the horns securely and a 
shield of leather is over the forehead below 
the horns. This makes both heads steady 
and the cattle pull together. One head 
cannot move without the other. The cattle 
do not pull at all, they push. Mr. Weisner, 
the owner, comes from Nova Scotia and 
says he never saw a bow yoke until he 
came to Maine. These oxen were fat and 
handsome and have been hard at work all 
the Fall yaiding wood, and for their inches 
out-pulled any cattle on the grounds, and 
would doubtless have won first prize had 
not Mr. Weisner instructed the driver just 
to give a good exhibition of pulling without 
crowding the cattle.” 
Eczema. 
My six-year-old driving horse has been 
troubled more or less for some months with 
small pimples on sides and back, and some¬ 
times on head. They do not seem to itch 
much, but disfigure bis coat. Otherwise he 
seems to be in good health and spirits. He 
gets light driving every other day, some¬ 
times oftener and is somewhat fat. What 
will you advise to remove this annoyance? 
Maine. w. a. b. 
Have him clipped and cut the grain ra¬ 
tion in half. Work him or exercise abund¬ 
antly every day. Do not allow him to stand 
a single day idle in the stable. Feed oats, 
bran and bay; no grass. In feed once 
daily mix half an ounce of granular hypo¬ 
sulphite of soda. a. e. a. 
□ 
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fn " I u;/• t i 1 
X 
It Shows on the Scales 
The old methods of feeding: stock are wasteful—expensive— 
unscientific. Corn and oats lack essential qualities. Cannot fatten as 
a complete balanced ration does. Try it. You’ll see the actual differ¬ 
ence on the scales. Feed your stock 
A 
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Watch your animals thrive on It. See their weight of solid fat and 
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CHAS. H. EMENS, Spring Hill Farm, Binghamton N V. 
A Message 
To Dairymen 
and Farmers 
Important 
Right Now owing to the unusually favorable prices 
. on feed and the fact that prices on milk were 
How To 
SAVE 
Money 
on YourFeed 
and Get 
MORE 
MILK 
- --— - -iWQ V/Ai illiilk 
never so high—every dairyman and farmer should plan to get every 
pound of milk possible from his cows. You should “make hay while 
the sun shines.” 
YOU Con SOVC mcmey t ^ me —l a b° r . and in addition to increasing your 
- ■■ <c daily milk production several gallons, you can put your 
cows in the finest condition” to withstand the coming long winter milking period and 
keep them up to maximum flow and flesh if you will 
Follow This Feeding Plan 
Give your cows SCHUMACHER FEED as your grain ration, along with your regular 
roughage—hay, fodder, silage, etc.—you’ll be surprised at the results, not only in milk 
production but tho improvement in their “condition”—a feature so important right 
now. Just read this letter 
Here is the Proof 
The Quaker Oats Company. , Sandusky, N. Y., October 10, 1910 
Gentlemen:-WehayebMn feeding Schumacher Feed for the past two years. We feed one-half Schumacher 
S Ff® 64 ; T v IS Bl A name f ou 5, feed dealer wa » out of Schumacher and wo bought one ton 
of Bran to take its place. After feeding this a few days we saw our cows were shrinking. A car of Schumacher’s 
arrived after wo had fed 1600 pounde o? Bran. We changed directly to Schumacher’s and in three™ ays ou? 
cows gained a tqn-callon can of milk. During one week of last June we milked 1600 pounds of milk a day from 
forty cows, winch you will note is an average of forty pounds to the cow. This was done on a ration S 
Schumacher heed and Gluten. The strong argument in favor of Schumacher Feed is that it keepsour 
cows in good flesh while they are producing milk. Every cow we have sold during the past year has P gone 
directly to the slaughter house and she has been sold after producing a large flow of milk all the season 8 We 
would consider it a hard proposition to make milk the year around as we do* without S^humacherTeed' 
Yours very truly, C. HASKELL & SON. 
The Reason Schumacher Feed does so much is because it is the best complete ration in the 
r— ;- rr-rr J world—the acme of feed-making science. 11 supplies those nutrients your ration 
lacks which build strong tissue and rich blood— which nourish the body and give the animal that 
strength and vitality so essential when she is under the strain of continued milk flow. It is with¬ 
out question the best “balanced” ration you can get, because the most scientifically prepared 
In short it is such a perfect ration in itself that many successful dairymen feed nothing ’ 
else. Where “forcing” the flow is desired, the high concentrates such as gluten, malt 
sprouts, cotton seed meal, etc., can be used, but 1 ‘forcing’* cannot last unless some* 
thing is fed to maintain the physical condition. Hence with the use of 
Schumachor Feed you can cut out the concentrates —save money—save your 
cows—increase your yield and maintain better, healthier herds. Ask your 
HSw dealer for Schumacher and test this plan. If he can’t supply you write us. 
The Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, u.s.a. 
Largest Manufacturers of Feeds 
in the World 
Schumacher Feed is Also Fine for All Farm Stock 
