1810. 
1171 
LUMPS ON LEGHORNS’ TOES. 
My White Leghorn hens have large 
growths on the ends of their toes. I would 
like to know what the probable reasons are 
for that condition, and what can be done. 
At a little distance they look like lumps of 
mud, some of them as large as English 
walnuts and nearly all of the 25 have 
them. Their former owner heated his 
chicken houses with natural gas last Win¬ 
ter, and they may have got their toes 
singed. h. j. f. 
Glassport, Pa. 
The above beats any experience I ever 
had or ever heard of. It is not “bum- 
blefoot,” as that is a “corn” or hard spot 
in middle of the foot, caused mainly by 
jumping down from the roost on to a 
hard floor. This is a growth on the end 
of the toes; now if Mr. F. could breed 
these birds so that the chicks would in¬ 
herit that growth, he would have a “big 
thing.” He could advertise a new breed 
of Leghorns, the “Anti-scratch Leg¬ 
horns” or “garden hens.” It is well 
known that fowls do a lot of good in a 
garden if they wouldn’t scratch, and 
certainly with lumps on the ends of their 
toes as big as walnuts scratching would 
be impossible. I once heard of a man 
who fixed his hens so they could not 
scratch by taking a stick about the size 
of a lead pencil, boring a hole near one 
end and passing a string through the 
hole; tied the stick to the hen’s leg near 
the second joint. When the hen walked 
along, the stick just dragged on the dirt, 
but when she tried to scratch the end 
of the stick stuck into the dirt and the 
attempted backward stroke of her foot 
simply drove her forward. But this 
“lumps on their toes” would obviate all 
necessity for sticks. Seriously, I must 
admit that I know of neither cause nor 
cure for Ii. J. F.’s trouble. 
GEORGE A. COSGROVE. 
MILK BUSINESS IN CENTRAL NEW YORK. 
Farmers living near railroads have been 
able to ship their milk, through a middle¬ 
man, to the large cities, receiving from 2% 
cents to four cents per quart. Some years 
this has left them a fair profit as they 
were able, in this way, to sell at a fair 
price roughage and coarse grains that they 
could not have sold otherwise. During the 
past three years home-grown feeds have 
been scarce, and all dairymen have had 
to buy commercial feeds. These feeds hav¬ 
ing advanced in price the producer of milk 
has fallen short in his prolits, as the oc¬ 
casional rise in the price of milk has not 
been at the same rate as the advance in 
the price of feed, as the middleman would 
soon follow the rise in the price of milk 
by a “drop,” and in many cases the price 
would be lower than before the rise. Many 
dairymen who invested their money in 
dairy buildings and stock found that their 
books showed no profit at the price they 
received for milk, and so went out of the 
business, while others selling to local milk¬ 
men and creameries have done quite well, 
and feel encouraged by the small profits 
they make, as at the present time only a 
small profit is made at the prices received 
by the producer. Milk from tuberculin- 
tested herds brings the producer four cents 
per quart delivered ; from herds not tuber¬ 
culin-tested the producer receives from 
three to 3% cents per quart delivered, the 
milk retailing from tuberculin-tested herds 
for 10 cents per quart, while the milk from 
herds not tested retails for seven to eight 
cents per quart. The cost of maintaining 
a dairy farm at the present time is not 
so great, as no law exists making it com¬ 
pulsory for the dairyman to have sanitary 
buildings. The cow stables on most farms 
are in connection with the main barns, on 
some farms a part of the main barn has 
been fitted with stanchions for cattle, and 
in this way the cost of erecting sanitary 
stables has been eliminated. An approved 
sanitary stable for 20 head of cattle costs 
when complete about $500. Nearly all 
farms on which milch cows are kept have 
silos; the price of a silo is near $200. 
The use of silage lessens the cost of pro¬ 
ducing milk, the silage being more eco¬ 
nomical than the corn fodder. Ground feed 
used with silage, at this writing, costs $28 
to $35 per ton wholesale, the amount of 
feed per cow being from six to eight pounds, 
twice a day. Considering the cost of feed 
and the present prices of milk, many farm¬ 
ers and dairymen know they are not re¬ 
ceiving more than the cost of producing 
the milk. The expense of labor required 
to care for the cattle must be added to the 
cost of production, a good man receiving 
from $25 to $30 a month the year round. 
The average yearly production of 20 good 
cows, not registered, just grades, showed 
5,000 pounds of milk apiece. This herd 
received roughage from the farm during 
the Winter, roots or pumpkins with a ra¬ 
tion consisting of bran, middlings, gluten, 
distillers’ grains, cotton-seed meal. The 
milk was sold to a local milkman who 
came to the farm for the milk and paid 
the producer four cents per quart; by 
actual bookkeeping this was a loss to the 
producer. In the Winter when milk is 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
scarce and the cost of production is greater, 
then the cities pay the best prices for 
milk, and often the dairyman feels with 
the price then received as if he would like 
to increase his herd, but with coming of 
Spring and pasture the price drops, yet he 
must pay for shipping his milk just the 
same and the city buyer demands of him 
changes in the care of his cattle, of him¬ 
self and his buildings, and refuses to take 
the milk unless such satisfactory changes 
are made. The producer being unable to 
make such changes has to seek another 
market, and he cannot get ahead, during 
the time he is receiving the better prices, 
to warrant the changes demanded of him 
when the rush of milk is on in the cities, 
and the required changes are simply a 
ruse to break the contract made when milk 
was scarce. During the time of year when 
milk is scarce one never heards of any 
demand from the consumer, and it is when 
milk is its very best that the more stren¬ 
uous demand is made for more sanitary 
milk from the city consumer. Usually 
these demands are made by the board of 
healtli or through them made known to the 
public, and then the producer is blamed 
for the ills arising from impure milk. If 
the consumer would use sonic sanitary 
means advised the producer, much of the 
trouble would be removed, and a better 
feeling would exist between the milkman 
and the dairyman. m. mauer. 
LOSS OF CUD. 
I noticed some remarks in a recent issue 
about a cow losing her cud and how to get 
it back again. About 25 years ago the 
practice in Maryland in such cases was to 
push a salt herring as far down the cow’s 
throat as possible, then leave her alone and 
the cud would come back. That was the 
practice in many parts of the State. In 
those days there were very few “cow and 
horse doctors” about. This cure was sim¬ 
ple and produced the desired result, why 
I don't know. A. N. 
Long Island. 
When a cow “loses her cud” she sim 
ply stops ruminating, and she does so be¬ 
cause she is sick from indigestion, or some 
other ailment. When sickness subsides 
and cow feels well again the chewing of 
the cud is resumed naturally. The old 
fashioned practice of people who also be¬ 
lieved in myths like "wolf in the tail” 
and "hollow horn” was to make up an arti 
ficial cud, or use a red herring as stated 
by our correspondent. No such artificial 
contrivance possibly could cure sickness, 
but it is barely possible that, incidentally, 
the cow being about well and about to 
resume rumination, did so when the salti¬ 
ness of the “cud” started salivation and 
simulated appetite. The practice of arti¬ 
ficial cud giving is not based on any scien¬ 
tific knowledge and cannot be depended 
upon to remedy indigestion or other sick¬ 
ness. With cattle we have found from 
long experience that it always is well 
and safe to give a full dose of physic when 
rumination ceases, and then to follow with 
warm drinks of flaxseed tea containing Uuid 
extract of nux vomica and stimulants. A 
physic is indicated and useful in about 
all diseases of the cow, if given promptly. 
A suitable physic is composed of one to 
two pounds of epsom salts, half an ounce 
of powdered ginger root and half to one 
cupful of black strap molasses shaken up 
in three pints of warm water and given 
very slowly and carefully from a long¬ 
necked bottle as one dose. Where there is 
need of active purging five crushed croton 
beans may be added. It is a good practice 
also to combine common salt with epsom 
salts in purging a cow. A half cupful of 
salt is quite effective in this way. 
A. s. A. 
Won Only 
^GRAND PRIZE 
Seattle 1909 
- CREAM 
>. SEPARATOR 
Holds Worlds Record 
.0138 of 1% 
.Send "for Catalogue B'I59 
^VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO, ' 
Bellows Falls,Vt. 
The “Plowfur” Disc. 
Small grains do best when planted in 
a wide, roomy seed trench, because it 
gives the grain plants root room and a 
chance to stool out. No farmer wiF 
doubt this statement. The Farmers’ 
Favorite Plowfur Disc Drill opens a 
very wide, roomy furrow. The shields 
on the discs are shaped like mould 
boards on plows and make a flat seec 
row—something that no other disc fur¬ 
row opener will do. It will pay any 
farmer to investigate this new style fur¬ 
row opener by writing to The Amen 
can Seeding-Machine Co., Incorporated 
Springfield, Ohio, for a Farmers’ Fa 
vorite Drill catalogue, which fully illus 
trates and describes this as well as 
many other styles of furrow openers 
This drill has been on the market con¬ 
tinuously for more than half a century, 
satisfying the most particular farmers 
in every section of the grain raising 
world. With it the user can sow any 
and every known seed from the smallest 
grass seeds to the largest beans. It wil 
also handle successfully all known 
brands of commercial fertilizers. It is 
sold under a fair and square libera 
guarantee to do everything claimed for 
it. Write to the manufacturers for a 
copy of the Farmers’ Favorite cata¬ 
logue, read it carefully, and go to your 
dealer and insist on seeing the drill. 
How Long Should a 
CREAM SEPARATOR 
Last? 
It Depends Upon the Kind 
The average life of the common “mail order” 
type of cream separator is one year; many 
of them barely hold out for three months^ 
others for six ; but this gives the “mail order 
man plenty of time to get his money before 
the buyer discovers his mistake. 
SHARPLES TUBULAR 
Cream Separators 
are guaranteed forever, 
and thousands of them, 
sold ten years ago, are 
giving perfect service 
to-day. Tubulars are 
built right, by a manu¬ 
facturer who knows 
how; who has had thirty 
years’ experience. 
That’s why they last. 
You can have 
a Tubular, for a free 
trial right in your 
own home, without 
spending one cent 
for freight or 
anything else. 
Our 1911 catalogue will 
soon be ready ; ask for 
Catalogue 
No.153 
THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 
WEST CHESTER, BA. 
Chicago* Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore. 
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can. 
BOOST YOUR 
STO K PROFITS 
Get a Silo. But pet a good one. Choose 
Carefully—and wisely. Geta Lansing If 
you want the most that a Silo can mean 
to your profits. Thousands of other 
progressive farmers have proved 
Lansing Silos 
best. Made of best wood. All-steel IIoops 
and Draw Lugs. Convenient Continu¬ 
ous Doorway with Ladder Front. Many 
other features that make Lansings 
superior. Write for best book on 
silos and silo prolits. Address 
postal now to 
Severance Tank & Silo Co. 
Dept. 329 Lnnulng, Mich. 
[Self-Adjusting Steel Latch 
Stanchion 
Wilder’s Self Adjusting fctecl Latch Stan¬ 
chion. Your cattle will repay you well if you make 
'cm comfortable and keep 'em clean. Will tell you 
I how to do it, provo to you conclusively that Wilder | 
Stanchions are best — tell you all about the only 
Stanchion made that is opened and closed without re¬ 
moving mittens. When open they cannot swing but I 
arohola rigid for animal to enter,—closed they swing 
| freely. Only smooth, polished hardwood touches the 
animal—no slivers—no splinters. Blind bolted at 
j joints—always tight there. No cast iron parts to rust | 
| out. Wilder Stanchions permit tho greatest freedom 
of motion consistant with safety and cleanliness. 
They will hold anything from tho strongest unruly 
bull to the mcokest “runt" in the herd,—will hold 
them clean and comfortable Save your £eod—-your 
time—your temper by starting right. 
A postal brings free Catalogue. 
Wilder Strong Implement Co. 
.Box 33 Monroe, Mich;. 
COW COMFORT 
Means additional profit. Simple, 
durable, easily locked. Foster 
Steel StnncliIoiiK cannot bo 
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬ 
tom chains permit free head move¬ 
ment, standing or lying down, yet 
keep cattle lined up and clean. 
Write for new booklet showing 
model stables. 
Foster Steel Stanchion Co., 
906 Ins. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y. 
PDIIMP'C IMPROVED 
VKUmOd WARRINER 
STANCHION 
III! life 
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR 
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE 
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING 
Henry II. Albertson, Burl¬ 
ington, N. .T., writes: “Sly 
new Stanchions add greatly 
to the comfort of my cows.” 
WHY TORTURE 
yours with rigid stanchions? 
Send for specifications 
of inexpensive yet sani¬ 
tary cow stable to 
WALLACE II. CRCMII, Box MS, Forestville, Conn. 
STEAM 
POWER 
—proven best by years of greatest 
efficiency, utmost dependability, 
wonderful economy, absolute sim¬ 
plicity and durability. The power 
for 100 farm uses. And 
JS INTERNATIONAL 
IIIWH 
lll-Bf! 
II :»• 
II •»\0. 
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated 
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoop- 
continuous open-door front—air-tight door and per¬ 
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. The 
Interaaticnal 8llo <-o- 113 Slain 81.« Linesyillo. 
SCIENTIFIC SWEEP MILL 
Doubls Action. ^Triple Geared 
This No. 6 is one of our 
leading Feed Mills. Particu¬ 
larly adapted for grinding 
ear corn and small grain for stock 
feed. A medium priced mill that 
Gives Satisfaction 
Strong, durable and 
easy running. Mounted 
on a heavy hard-wood 
box. Fully guaranteed. 
Write for free catalog. 
Over20 styles and sizes. 
THE FOOS MFG. CO., Box 829 Springfield, Ohio 
Try The 
Bull Dog Feed Grinder 
lO Day’s Free 
You can grind 5000 bu. of cob and corn to 
table meal with one set of Rollers and Con¬ 
caves. Damp grain can’t clog it—nails 
won’t break it. Has only 2 inch working 
leverage which accounts for light running. 
Get our FREE Catalogue and Samples 
CROWN POINT MFG. CO., 
204 E. Road. Crown Point, Ind. 
AGENTS 100% PROFIT 
IN ONE 
Steam Power is the proven 
best of all steam outlits— 
far better than gas or gaso¬ 
line. Send name now for “Tho 
Farmer’s Power”—Free. Address 
JAMES LEFFEL & CO. 
Box 250, 
Springfield, Ohio 
Most perfect and valuable Com¬ 
bination of tools ever invented. Sells 
at sight to Farmers, Plumbers, 
Machinists. Automobilo Owners, in stores and the home. 
Made of Drop Forged high grade carbon steel. One agent in 
Essex County, N. Y., after a 0 days’ canvass ordered 100 tools. 
His profit $100.00. Big snap for agents. Sample free to workers. 
T. THOMAS MFG. CO., 2865 Wayne St., Dayton, Ohio 
The proof of 
the Hay Press 
Your FATHERS 
uncles, older brothers and 
MAYBE YOU 
sawourad.inthesecolumns 
Twenty Odd Years Ago 
bought tho CHARTER and it 
is in use yet. Record f 
Want our Catalog ? State 
Power needs. 
Charter Gas Engine Co., P. 0. Box 26, Sterling, III., U.S. A. 
FROST 
WIRE FENCES 
A Heavy Fence made of Hard wire, 
built with one purpose iu view, 
that of lasting and satisfactory 
service. No repairs. Free c;ctalog 
upon request. Ask your dealer. 
, THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO. 
Dept, H CLEVELAND, O. 
0 D 
■ Rust Proof - Bull Strong 
n 
b 
m 
‘‘t—. ‘UU‘ — yy — 
I FE/N CE 
, y _,—Jf 
n 
a 
Fences for horses, cattle, sheep, 
hogs, chickens, etc. 160 styles. 
BARGAIN PRICES: 
14 Cents Per Rod Up. 
We pay the freight. Lawn Fences 
and Gates. Free catalog and sample. 
The Brown Fence & Wire Co., 
DEPT. 59 CLEVELAND, OHIO 
WARD FARM FENCE 
r Is its Capacity—Earning Power. 
SPENCER HAY PRESS Catalogues make great 
and definite claims proven by the press in action 
or no sale. Xutureof contract protects you. Covers 
every claim by actual figures. More tons per hour 
guaranteed than by any other Write 
horse press, same size bale. /SvirTT. Right 
Send for new Catalogue K . //f a ' NOW 
J. A. SPENCER 
Dwight, Illinois 
pins 
HaafflBWW B BB 
c 40 carbon spring steel. 
extra heavily galvanized. 
80 days* free trial. Freight 
prepaid. Complete free 
J catalogues on Farm,Poul¬ 
try and Ornamental’Wire 
andWrought Iron Fences. 
Write now for «pe- 
©1 al offer. 
The Ward Fence Co., 
Bex 338 Decntur, Ind. 
Monarch 
Hydraulic 
Cider Press 
Great strength and ca¬ 
pacity; all sizes; also 
gasoline engines, 
steam engines, 
sawmills, thresh¬ 
ers. Catalog free. 
Monarch Machinery Co* 609 Cortlandt Bld(|.. New York 
